新疆人工栽培阿魏菇多糖含量的测定

采用可见分光光度法测定阿魏菇多糖的含量.以葡萄糖为对照品,以蒽酮-浓硫酸为显色剂,在625nm处测定样品溶液的吸光度.在0.00-20.00μg/mL范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9995.回收率在98.3%-104.5%之间.相对标准偏差RSD为2.17%(n=5),新疆阿魏菇多糖含量...     

苯酚-硫酸法测定北芪菇多糖的含量

采用水提醇沉法从北芪菇中提取水溶性多糖,用Sevage法除蛋白,通过苯酚-硫酸比色法在490nm波长处测定多糖含量.在10-80μg·mL-1范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9985,平均回收率为97.74％,相对标准偏差为2.36％（n=6）,北芪菇中多糖含量为5.45％％.方法快速、简单,稳定性好,可作为北芪菇多糖的常规检测方法.     

分光光度法测定沙棘叶多糖含量

经苯酚-硫酸显色,用分光光度法测定沙棘叶多糖含量。测定波长490nm,葡萄糖含量在10.0—71.0μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9981,多糖换算因子f为3.271。测得不同月份同一片植株沙棘叶多糖含量分别为:5月份3.39%,7月份3.94%,9月份4.42%,平均回收率为99.07%,RSD为3.22%。     

新疆锁阳多糖的提取及含量测定

采用分光光度法测定新疆锁阳多糖的含量,以葡萄糖为对照品,以蒽酮-浓硫酸为显色剂,在625nm处测定样品溶液的吸光度。在40.00—200.00μg/mL范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9998,回收率在96.15%—102.85%之间,相对标准偏差RSD为2.814%（n=5）,新疆锁阳多糖含量为2.39%。本方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可作为锁阳多糖的含量测定方法。     

黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体水提物多糖含量测定

采用苯酚-硫酸法测定了黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体水提物中多糖的含量。测定波长492nm,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度的回归方程为A=0.051C-0.1150,R2=1.0000,其平均回收率为102.22%,相对标准偏差为3.54%（n=6）。测得黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体水提物多糖含量为31.21%。     

褐蘑菇多糖提取及含量的测定

采用水提醇沉法从褐蘑菇中提取水溶性多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸比色法在490nm波长处测定多糖含量。在5.00—40.00μg/mL范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9981,回收率在97.82%—103.09%之间,相对标准偏差RSD为2.24%（n=5）,褐蘑菇多糖含量为3.01%。方法操作简单、显色稳定、准确度高,可作为褐蘑菇多糖工业化生产的常规检测方法。     

贵州民族药秋海棠药材中多糖的含量测定

采用硫酸-苯酚法,以无水葡萄糖为对照品,于485nm处测定吸光度,测定秋海棠药材中多糖的含量。在3.01—10.54μg.mL-1范围内吸光度与葡萄糖溶液浓度的线性关系良好（r=0.9997）,平均回收率为98.06%,RSD为0.50%。该方法简便快速、准确可行,为秋海棠药材的质量控制提供了实验依据。     

胡萝卜多糖含量的测定

采用热水浸提、乙醇分级沉淀和洗涤等步骤提取胡萝卜中的多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖的含量,选择490nm作为检测波长,在5-60μtg范围内葡萄糖质量浓度和吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9997,相对标准偏差RSD为1.86％,平均回收率为99.61％,胡萝卜中多糖含量为6.02％.本方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,可作为胡萝卜多糖含量的测定方法,对于综合开发利用胡萝卜及提高胡萝卜品质的研究能提供一定参考依据.     

小半夏加茯苓汤单煎与合煎之间多糖含量及紫外扫描的差异

比较小半夏加茯苓汤单煎与合煎之间的差异.采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,以葡萄糖标准品进行对照测定多糖含量,紫外检测波长为198nm.通过峰位和吸光度值比较单煎液与合煎液的紫外扫描差异.小半夏加茯苓汤合煎液提取的多糖量较单煎液多,单煎液与合煎液紫外扫描基本一致,合煎液吸光度值较高.小半夏加茯苓汤合煎较单煎为优,尚不能完全说明是...     

灵芝多糖含量的红外光谱预测模型研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)测定不同等级贵州灵芝的傅里叶变换红外光谱,选择最佳的敏感波段组合构造吸光度变量,分析了吸光度变量与灵芝多糖含量的相关性,建立灵芝多糖含量的红外光谱预测模型并进行检验。结果表明:不同等级灵芝的红外光谱图基本相似,峰形相同;所选定的吸光度变量与灵芝多糖含量之间显著相关,灵芝多糖含量的预测模型及其检验结果的拟合度均达到显著水平,这说明可用红外光谱法来预测灵芝多糖含量。     

人工种植黄芩根、茎、叶、花、种子中营养元素的光谱分析

使用火焰原子吸收光谱法对人工种植黄芩的根、茎、叶、花、种子5个部位中的Ca,Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,K六种矿物元素的含量进行了测定分析。结果表明,黄芩各部位均含有丰富的矿物元素,根中营养元素由高到低的顺序是为Ca>Fe>Cu>Mn>Zn>K,茎中的为Fe>Mn>Zn=Cu>K>Ca,叶中的为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>K>Ca,花中的为Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>K,种子中的为Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>K。研究认为人工种植黄芩茎、叶、花、种子中Fe, Mn, Zn含量皆较高,花和种子中还富含Ca, 根中富含Ca和Fe元素。     

流动注射化学发光法测定头孢拉定

研究发现在碱性条件下,头孢拉定对鲁米诺化学发光体系有增敏作用,结合流动注射化学发光法建立测定头孢拉定含量的新方法,该法的线性范围为1.0×10-7—1.0×10-4g/mL,检出限(3σ)为8×1-0 8g/mL,对5.0×1-0 6g/mL头孢拉定样品连续进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%,该法可用于测定头孢拉定胶囊中头孢拉定的含量。     

Germination, growth rates, and electron microscope analysis of tomato seeds flown on the LDEF

The purpose of the experiment was to determine cosmic rays long-term effects on living tissue. A batch of tomato seeds were flown in orbit aboard the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) for almost 6 y. During this time, the seeds received an abundant exposure to cosmic radiation. Upon the return of the LDEF to Earth, the seeds were distributed throughout the United States and 30 foreign countries for analysis. Our university analysis included germination and growth rates as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analysis of the control as well as space exposed tomato seeds.

In analyzing the seeds under the electron microscope, usual observations were performed on the nutritional and epidermis layer of the seed. These layers appeared to be more porous in the space exposed seeds than on Earth-based control seeds. This unusual characteristic may explain the increases in the space seeds growth pattern. (Several test results showed that the space-exposed seeds germinated sooner than Earth-based seeds. Also, the space-exposed seeds grew at a faster rate.) The porous nutritional region may allow the seeds to receive necessary nutrients and liquids more readily, thus enabling the plant to grow at a faster rate.

Roots, leaves and stems were cut into small sections and mounted. After sputter coating the specimens with argon/gold palladium plasma, they were viewed under the electron microscope. Many micrographs were taken. The X-ray analysis displayed possible identifications of calcium, potassium, chlorine, copper, aluminum, silicon, phosphate, carbon, and sometimes sulfur and iron. The highest concentrations were shown in potassium and calcium. As a result of the electron interaction and X-ray production within the open seeds, the traditional layers of the space-exposed seed gave peaks of Mg, P and S, while the Earth seed gave an iron peak, which was not detected in the space-exposed seed because of electron beam positioning difference. The space-exposed seed and the Earth-control seed specimens displayed high concentrations of copper.     

MeV能量离子辐照拟南芥干种子和含水种子存活曲线对比

离子束辐照植物种子所产生的水自由基对植物种子存活率会有影响, 实验中为了观察这种辐射效应, 采用6.5 MeV能量的质子分别辐照拟南芥干种子和含水种子。 这个能量点的质子无论对干种子还是含水种子都可以完全穿透, 减少了因损伤部位不同带来的差异。 实验中采用的质子注量从4×109 ions/cm2到1×1014 ions/cm2。 实验结果显示干种子和含水种子存活曲线均成肩形下降趋势,而且含水种子下降注量点明显低于干种子。 这是自由基作用结果。 同时在辐射生物学靶学说的基础上, 建立了模型, 通过参数的合理设置,很好地拟合了实验数据。 The dry and water saturated seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were irradiated by H+ions with 6.5 MeV in atmosphere. The ion fluence used in this experiment was in the range of 4×109 —1×1014 ions/cm2. According to the structure of the seed and TRIM simulation, the ions with the energy of 6.5 MeV can penetrate the whole seed. The experiment shows that the fluence response curves for the dry seeds and water saturated seeds had distinct shoulders and reduced rapidly. The experimental results show that the water imbibed seeds were more sensitive than the dry seeds and the reason is from free radicals reaction. A model has been constructed, and primely simulates the experiment data.     

Distribution and utilization of 15N in cowpeas injected into the stem under influence of water deficit

Investigations were carried out on Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. to estimate the distribution and utilization of 15N in different organs after stem injection during vegetative, flowering and pod filling stage. During flowering effects of water deficit were also examined. In well watered plants, within 4 days after injection, 65% of 15N accumulated in leaves. This was drastically reduced to 42% by water deficit. 15N accumulation in stems increased under water deficit. The translocation of 15N from the stem base to roots were not altered by water deficit. During pod filling 62% of recovered 15N in the plants had accumulated in seeds, 24% in leaves and 11% in stems within 4 days, whereas the uptake of nitrogen in pod walls and roots remained low (2%). These results demonstrate that the method of injecting very small quantities (1 mg/plant) of 15N into the stem base allows an exact and detailed quantitative assessment of N translocation/distribution with regard to different organs, different growth stages and different treatments.     

RP-HPLC同时测定白花檵木花中的槲皮素和山奈酚

建立用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定白花檵木花中槲皮素和山奈酚含量的方法。采用Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);柱温:25℃;流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液(35:65,V/V);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长为360nm。槲皮素在1.08×10-3—1.08×10-1μg·μL-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率97.23%,RSD为1.26%;山奈酚在1.04×10-3—1.04×10-1μg.μL-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率99.78%,RSD为0.46%。方法简便、准确、可靠,可作为白花檵木花中槲皮素和山奈酚的定量分析方法。     

近红外光谱技术检测种子质量的应用研究进展

作为农业生产最基本的生产资料,种子质量是影响其种用价值的最重要特征。常用的种子质量检测方法存在检测速度慢、具破坏性、预处理过程复杂等问题,因此研究简便快速的种子质量检测方法对于种子质量检验具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来近红外光谱技术检测种子内含物、种子活力及贮藏年份、种子病害和虫害等研究现状及存在的问题。对于水分、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪酸、胡萝卜素等物质含量,其模型鉴别率较高,对相对含量较低的微量物质鉴别率较低;因高温高湿致活力下降的种子以及贮藏不同年份的种子可以高效鉴别,而因冷害所致的活力较低种子无法鉴别;目前可成功鉴别健康种子与感病种子,并对种子的健康度进行有效的分级,部分真菌性病害的病原菌也可鉴别;可成功鉴别遭虫蚀种子与健康种子,进而区分害虫的种类,但对虫害水平较低的样本和较小幼虫的检测效果不够理想。最后对近红外光谱技术在种子质量检测应用上存在的问题进行了分析与展望,特别是种子行业特有的单粒检测技术,其光谱采集配件的标准化将极大的提高其应用性。     

AAS测定紫皮石斛中5种重金属元素的含量

对天然紫皮石斛(Dendrobium devoninum Paxt.)根和茎中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu 5种重金属元素的含量进行了测定,旨在为该资源的药(食)利用提供基础数据.利用干法灰化处理样品,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)分别测定紫皮石斛根和茎中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu 5种重金属元素的含量.根中Cr、Hg和Cu 3种元素含量分别为122.8043士39.02、311.5152士24.28、0.2890士0.19mg·kg-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.20％-14.07％之间;茎中Cr、Hg和Cu 3种元素的含量分别为139.3997士14.72、276.0101士45.61、0.2854士0.29mg·kg-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.83％-10.99％之间;根和茎中均未检出Cd、Pb两种元素,可能与地球化学背景有关.与人工种植石斛中重金属元素含量相比,Cr、Hg两种元素含量相对较高,Cu元素含量较低.本法操作简便,重复性好,测定结果满意.     

自组装成环荧光显微成像技术在抗生素残留量检测中的应用

提出了一种基于溶剂毛细流效应的微波加热自组装成环荧光显微成像技术,并应用于内蒙古乳都乳中抗生素残留量检测。在六氢吡啶反应介质和聚乙烯醇-124(PVA-124) 存在下,将米诺环素液滴滴在疏水性玻璃表面上,当液滴受热挥发时,形成直径约为1.54 mm,环带宽为 22.6 μm的自组装环。当点样体积为0.30 μL时,线性范围为4.2×10-12～1.8×10-11 mol·ring-1(1.4×10-6～0.60×10-5 mol·L-1),方法的检测限(3σ)为4.2×10-13 mol·ring-1(1.4×10-7 mol·L-1)。应用于内蒙古乳都乳中残留米诺环素和米诺环素胶囊中米诺环素含量的检测,回收率分别为97.2%～103%和99.4%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.2%。该方法建立了高灵敏、高选择性的痕量药物污染物分析新方法,为内蒙古地方优势资源产品——乳品中抗生素类药物残留量的定量检测提供理论依据,同时对不同地区乳品中抗生素的来源、残留情况的系统动态研究及对乳品行业的管理、监督等具有重要的现实意义和更广泛的应用前景。     

高压消解-双道氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定苦丁茶原植物中的砷和汞

采用HNO3/H2SO4预消解、HNO3/H2O2高压消解,硫脲-抗坏血酸预还原等手段,建立了高压消解-双道氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱同时测定苦丁茶原植物中砷和汞含量的分析方法。讨论并优化了分析测定条件,结果表明,砷和汞的线性范围分别为1.0×10-3—11.0×10-3mg.L-1和1.0×10-4—10.0×10-4mg.L-1,相关系数r分别为0.9986、0.9970,检出限分别是4.73×10-5mg.L-1和8.70×10-6mg.L-1;相对标准偏差(n=6)砷不大于4.25%,汞不大于4.92%。应用于5种苦丁茶原植物砷和汞含量的测定,该方法操作性强、用时短、灵敏度高。