Dynamic crossover in [VIO~(2+)][Tf_2N~-]_2 ionic liquid

Ionic liquids usually behave as fragile liquids,and the temperature dependence of their dynamic properties obeys supper-Arrhenius law.In this work,a dynamic crossover is observed in([VIO²⁺][Tf₂N-]₂) ionic liquid at the temperature of 240-800 K.The diffusion coefficient does not obey a single Arrhenius law or a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann(VFT) relation,but can be well fitted by three Arrhenius laws or a combination of a VFT relation and an Arrhenius law.The origin of the dynamic crossover is analyzed from correlation,structure,and thermodynamics.Ion gets a stronger backward correlation at a lower temperature,as shown by the fractal dimension of the random walk.The temperature dependence function of fractal dimension,heterogeneity order parameter,and thermodynamic data can be separated into three regions similar to that observed in the diffusion coefficient.The two crossover temperatures observed in the three types of data are almost the same as that in diffusion coefficient fitted by three Arrhenius laws.The results indicate that the dynamic crossover of[VIO2+][Tf2 N-]2 is attributed to the heterogeneous structure when it undergoes cooling.     

Real-space visualization of intercalated water phases at the hydrophobic graphene interface with atomic force microscopy

The phase behavior of water is a topic of perpetual interest due to its reinai kable anomalous properties and importance to biology,material science,geoscience,nanoscience,etc.It is predicted confined water at interface can exist in large amounts of crystalline or amorphous states.However,the experimental evidence of coexistence of liquid water phases at interface is still insufficient.Here,a special folding few-layers graphene film was elaborate prepared to form a hydrophobic/hydrophobic interface,which can provide a suited platform to study the structure and properties of confined liquid water.The real-space visualization of intercalated water layers phases at the folding interface is obtained using advanced atomic force microscopy(AFM).The folding graphene interface displays complicated internal interfacial characteristics.The intercalated water molecules present themselves as two phases,low-density liquid(LDL,solid-like)and high-density liquid(HDL,liquid-like),according to their specific mechanical properties taken in two multifrequency-AFM(MF-AFM)modes.Furthermore,the water molecules structural evolution is demonstrated in a series of continuous MF-AFM measurements.The work preliminary confirms the existence of two liquid phases of water in real space and will inspire further experimental work to deeply understanding their liquid dynamics behavior.     

Interface Instability of Diamond Crystals at High Temperature and High Pressure

Diamond growth instability at high temperature and high pressure (HPHT) has been elucidated by observing the cellular interface in diamond crystals.The HPHT diamond crystals grow layer by layer from solution of carbon in the molten catalyst.In the growth of any other cyrstals from solution,the growth interface is not stable and should be of the greatest significance to understand further the diamond growth mechanism.During the diamond growth,the carbon atoms are delivered to the growing diamond crystal by diffusion through a diamond crystal-solution boundary layer.In front of the boundary layer,there is a narrow constitutional supercooling zone related to the solubility difference between diamond and graphite in the molten catalyst.The diamond growth stability is broken,and the flat or planar growth interface transforms into a cellular interface due to the light supercooling.The phenomenon of solute trails in the diamonds was observed,the formation of solute trails was closely associated with the cellular interface.     

dc Josephson Effect in s-Wave Superconductor/Ferromagnet Insulator/p-Wave Superconductor Junctions

The Josephson currents in s-wave superconductor/ferromagnet insulator/p-wave superconductor（s/FI/p） junctions are calculated as a function of temperature and the phase taking into account the roughness scattering effect at interface. The phase dependence of the Josephson current I （φ） between s-wave and px-wave superconductor is predicted to be sin（2φ）. The ferromagnet scattering effect, the barrier strength, and the roughness strength at interface suppress the dc currents in s/FI/p junction.     

Increasing Superplasticity and Strong Dynamic Behaviour of Zr--Cu--Ni--Al Bulk Metallic Glass

The plasticity and the dynamic fragility of bulk metallic glass of a Zr62 CuxsNiloAllo alloy are studied by three- point beam bending methods. We find that the alloy behaves super plastic not only at room temperature, but also at high temperatures. More importantly, it is found that the superplasticity increases with increasing temperature. In addition, the dynamic fragility parameter m for the supercooled liquid of this alloy is measured to be 34.87 and the supercooled liquid of Zr62 CuxsNixoAlxo alloy behaves as a strong liquid.     

The Sr content influence on the positive magnetoresistance in La1-xSrxMnO3/Si heterojunctions

<正>We fabricated La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3/Si(LSMO/Si) heterojunctions with different Sr doping concentrations(x = 0.1, 0.2,0.3) in LSMO and studied the Sr content influence on magnetoresistance(MR) ratio.The hetero junctions show positive MR and high sensitivity of MR ratio in a low applied magnetic field.The MR ratio is dependent on Sr content and the low Sr doping in LSMO causes a large positive MR in LSMO/Si junctions.The MR ratio for 0.1 Sr doping in the LSMO/Si heterostructure is 116%in 100 Oe(1 Oe=79.5775 A/m) at 210 K.The mechanism for the positive MR dependence on the doping density is considered to be the competition between the tunneling rate of electrons in e_g~1↑to t_(2g)↓band and that to e_g~2↑band at the interface region of LSMO.The experimental results are in agreement with those observed in La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)MnO_3/SrNb_(0.01)Ti_(0.99)O_3 p-n junction.The results indicate that choosing low doping concentration to improve the low field sensitivity of the heterojunction devices is a very efficacious method.     

Analysis of natural frequency for imaging interface in liquid lens

Transmission beam can be modulated at the liquid–liquid interface inside an electrowetting liquid lens. The fluctuation characteristics of the interface has a decisive effect on the beam modulation. A closed cylinder in capillary constant scale is analyzed and the natural frequencies of a flat interface are obtained using capillary wave hydrodynamics. Results in modes0 and 1 are in good agreement with previous experiments in the literature. The influences of the radius, the height ratio and the height-to-diameter ratio of a liquid lens on the interface eigenfrequencies are analyzed.     

The effect of interface hopping on inelastic scattering of oppositely charged polarons in polymers

The inelastic scattering of oppositely charge polarons in polymer heterojunctions is believed to be of fundamental importance for the light-emitting and transport properties of conjugated polymers. Based on the tight-binding SSH model, and by using a nonadiabatic molecular dynamic method, we investigate the effects of interface hopping on inelastic scattering of oppositely charged polarons in a polymer heterojunction. It is found that the scattering processes of the charge and lattice defect depend sensitively on the hopping integrals at the polymer/polymer interface when the interface potential barrier and applied electric field strength are constant. In particular, at an intermediate electric field, when the interface hopping integral of the polymer/polymer heterojunction material is increased beyond a critical value, two polarons can combine to become a lattice deformation in one of the two polymer chains, with the electron and the hole bound together, i.e., a self-trapped polaron-exciton. The yield of excitons then increases to a peak value. These results show that interface hopping is of fundamental importance and facilitates the formation of polaron-excitons.     

Contact resistance asymmetry of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide thin-film transistors by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy

In this work, a method based on scanning Kelvin probe microscopy is proposed to separately extract source/drain(S/D) series resistance in operating amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide(a-IGZO) thin-film transistors. The asymmetry behavior of S/D contact resistance is deduced and the underlying physics is discussed. The present results suggest that the asymmetry of S/D contact resistance is caused by the difference in bias conditions of the Schottky-like junction at the contact interface induced by the parasitic reaction between contact metal and a-IGZO. The overall contact resistance should be determined by both the bulk channel resistance of the contact region and the interface properties of the metalsemiconductor junction.     

Influence of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability on Liquid Propellant Reorientation in a Low-Gravity Environment

A computational simulation is conducted to investigate the influence of Rayleigh-Taylor instability on liquid propellant reorientation flow dynamics for the tank of CZ-3A launch vehicle series fuel tanks in a low-gravity environment. The volume-of-fluid （VOF） method is used to simulate the free surface flow of gas-liquid. The process of the liquid propellant reorientation started from initially flat and curved interfaces are numerically studied. These two different initial conditions of the gas-liquid interface result in two modes of liquid flow. It is found that the Rayleigh Taylor instability can be reduced evidently at the initial gas-liquid interface with a high curve during the process of liquid reorientation in a low-gravity environment.     

Excess Volume of the Solid/Liquid Interface in Fe-6 at.%Si Bicrystals Wetted by Liquid Zinc

The pressure effect on grain boundary wetting in Fe-6 at.%Si bicrystals of different misorientation angles but constant misorientation axis has been studied. The wetting agent was liquid zinc. It was found that the pressure for the dewetting transition is higher for the near 5 boundary than for the other general boundaries, where is the inverse density of the coincidence sites in the two misoriented crystal lattices. This result was explained assuming a thinner liquid film wetting the near 5 boundary than in the case of nonperiodic grain boundaries. Furthermore, the wetting angle increased with increasing pressure. The wetting angle dependence on pressure could be understood assuming a excess surface volume of the solid/liquid (S/L) interface higher than 0.2 nm. This is considerably higher than the estimated excess volumes of grain boundaries based on computer simulations. To explain this result, it was postulated that in the system studied, where diffusion of Zn, Fe and Si perpendicular to the S/L interface takes place, the S/L interface is relatively thick and the interaction between the two crystals separated by the melt extends over more than 2 nm distance. This long-range interaction was rationalized in terms of clusters of several atoms, detaching from the solid and dissolving in the melt at some distance from the bulk.     

液Zn对Fe_2Al_5涂层侵蚀的相变过程研究

本文对Fe2Al5涂层在液态Zn中的侵蚀相变过程进行了研究,实验结果表明:在侵蚀初期,靠界面张力平衡的作用,先发生热侵蚀,在试样表面形成热蚀沟,当热蚀沟达到一定程度后,液Zn与Fe2Al5相由不浸润变为浸润;同时Zn原子扩散进入Fe2Al5相并形成Fe2Al5-Znx固溶体相(η相);随着侵蚀时间的增加,发生在腐蚀界面上的液Zn对Fe2Al5涂层的侵蚀过程是恒温相变过程,相变过程使Fe2Al5涂层发生定向熔化.相变的驱动力来自于相成分的改变所引起的各相自由能的变化及各相间的相平衡的重新建立.     

NMR studies of restricted diffusion in lyotropic systems

Tortuosity, 1/alpha, and surface-to-volume ratio, S/V, were determined in aqueous solutions of decylammonium, dodecylammonium and tetradecylammonium chlorides of various concentrations by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient of water, D(app)(delta). This was found to be much smaller than in the bulk state. Such restricted diffusion is interpreted in terms of the Mitra model, where D(delta) depends on diffusion time and is controlled primarily by S/V. The samples exhibit lamellar (L), hexagonal (H) and isotropic (I) liquid crystalline phases. We observed changes in S/V upon phase transition. In the lamellar and hexagonal phases, the system is ordered, resulting in relatively small S/V ratios, compared to the micellar-isotropic phase. We did not observe a dependence on the diffusion time, delta, in the isotropic phase, because the duration of the experiment was not sufficiently short to observe the change from D(app)(delta) to D(eff). We observed the effective diffusion coefficient of water, which directly probes the tortuosity of the system. The S/V ratios were obtained by fitting the Mitra model, using known values of the bulk water diffusion coefficients, and the assumption that D(app) --> D0 for delta --> 0. S/V is correlated with the type of structure, increasing on transition to the isotropic phase and decreasing on transition to other phases. The change in tortuosity is small, but slightly larger for the isotropic phase.     

真空中固液界面的离子束分析研究

原位实时地高精度测量固液界面的元素或离子(电荷)组成和动态变化对于界面反应和相互作用研究非常重要,但是传统的高分辨离子束分析实验在真空环境中不能直接测量液体样品。本文研制了一种固体-液体界面探针,该探针使用氮化硅-铝纳米复合膜作为真空密封窗和电化学电极,利用复旦大学核微探针成功开展了真空中固体-液体界面探针0.01 mol/L氯化钡和1 mol/L氯化镧溶液样品固体-液体界面的卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析和粒子激发X射线(PIXE)分析。实验结果表明,真空环境下,固液界面探针纳米薄窗可承受2 MeV He+离子注量为1.0×1018 ions/cm2的辐照。微区PIXE分析成功获得了固液界面探针结构的元素分布。通过对卢瑟福背散射能谱进行分析,获取了20 nm分辨的电极界面微米深溶液中的La, Cl元素浓度。在1 mol/L的LaCl3固液界面电极表面,负电压(–2.3 V)时电解质离子在电极表面高浓度聚集,正电压(+2.3 V)时电解质在电极表面呈低浓度分布,在约1 250 nm深处电解质溶液趋向于体浓度。     

Fluorescence Spectral Properties of Rhodamine 6G at the Silica/Water Interface

In this work, total internal reflection synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRSF) is applied successfully to investigate rhodamine 6G (R6G) at the silica/water interface. In comparison with the bulk spectra, 5 nm red shift is observed in the interface spectra, which is mainly due to the limitation of freedom of rotational movement of R6G molecules at the interface. The increase of R6G concentration induces the self-quenching of adsorbate at the interface. The dependence of interfacial fluorescence on the acidity and ionic strength was studied. Both the acidity and ionic strength affect the adsorptive behaviors of R6G at the silica/water interface.     

Change in the Crystallization Features of Supercooled Liquid Metal with an Increase in the Supercooling Level

The process of homogeneous crystal nucleation has been considered in a model liquid, where the interparticle interaction is described by a short-range spherical oscillatory potential. Mechanisms of initiating structural ordering in the liquid at various supercooling levels, including those corresponding to an amorphous state, have been determined. The sizes and shapes of formed crystal grains have been estimated statistically. The results indicate that the mechanism of nucleation occurs throughout the entire considered temperature range. The crystallization of the system at low supercooling levels occurs through a mononuclear scenario. A high concentration of crystal nuclei formed at high supercooling levels (i.e., at temperatures comparable to and below the glass transition temperature T_g) creates the semblance of the presence of branched structures, which is sometimes erroneously interpreted as a signature of phase separation. The temperature dependence of the maximum concentration of crystal grains demonstrates two regimes the transition between which occurs at a temperature comparable to the glass transition temperature T_g.     

壁面静止水滴冻结过程形状变化

低温表面上的液滴冻结时会形成具有尖顶的形状。针对这一现象开展了理论与实验研究,建立了新的动态曲形相界面模型用来模拟水滴冻结过程中的形状变化。模型考虑重力和成核再辉效应的影响,将冻结过程中的冰水相界面近似为球冠形曲面,并在三相点处引入动态生长角和直角关系。对壁面上20μL静止水滴进行了冻结实验,记录水滴三相点高度的演化过程,以此拟合得到了其随时间变化的关联式,基于该关联式求解理论模型,得到了水滴最终冻结形状。模拟结果与实验结果在水滴初始轮廓、成核再辉轮廓和最终冻结轮廓以及冻结时间上均吻合良好。曲面模型的计算结果表明,固液相界面上不同位置处的冻结速率不同;随着相界面向上推移,冻结速率逐渐减小。     

Phase behavior of symmetric ternary block copolymer-homopolymer blends in thin films and on chemically patterned surfaces

The phase diagram of symmetric ternary blends of diblock copolymers and homopolymers in thin films was determined as a function of increasing volume fraction of homopolymer (phi(H)) and was similar to that for these materials in the bulk. Blends with compositions in the lamellar region of the diagram (phi(H)< or =0.4) could be directed to assemble into ordered lamellar arrays on chemically striped surfaces if the characteristic blend dimension (L(B)) and the period of the stripes (L(S)) were commensurate such that L(S)=L(B)+/-0.10L(B). Blends with compositions in the microemulsion region of the diagram (phi(H) approximately 0.6) assembled into defect-free lamellar phases on patterned surfaces with L(S)> or =L(B), but formed coexisting lamellar (with period L(S)) and homopolymer-rich phases when L(S)相似文献   

Diversity in liquid supercooling and glass formation phenomena illustrated by a simple model

The opportunity to map condensed-phase inherent structures (potential energy minima) approximately onto the vertices of a high-dimensional hypercube provides simple conceptual and numerical modeling for first-order melting-freezing transitions, as well as for liquid supercooling and glass formation phenomena. That approach is illustrated here by examination of three interaction examples that were selected to demonstrate the diversity of thermodynamic behavior possible within this hypercube modeling technique. Two of the cases behave, respectively, as "strong" and "fragile" glass formers, at least as judged by their heat capacities. The third presents a "degenerate glass," wherein full equilibration of the supercooling liquid (i.e., no kinetic arrest) leads to (a) residual entropy in the limit of absolute zero temperature, and (b) a linear temperature dependence of heat capacity in the same limit. None of the three cases displays a positive-temperature ideal (intrinsic) glass transition.