基于AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法（英文）

固液界面的表面电荷会影响微纳流体系统的流体阻力,因此如何测量固液界面的表面电荷密度以及分析表面电荷的产生机理对于研究表面电荷对流体阻力的影响具有较大的意义。提出了一种基于接触式AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法。基于该方法测量了浸在去离子水和0.01mol/L的NaCl溶液中的高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅样本的表面电荷密度,并研究了溶液pH值对表面电荷的影响。研究结果表明高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅由于表面硅烷基的电离带负电。溶液pH值和离子浓度的增加都会增加浸在去离子水和0.01mol/L的NaCl溶液中高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅的表面电荷密度的绝对值。     

基于AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法

固液界面的表面电荷会影响微纳流体系统的流体阻力,因此如何测量固液界面的表面电荷密度以及分析表面电荷的产生机理对于研究表面电荷对流体阻力的影响具有较大的意义。提出了一种基于接触式AFM的固液界面表面电荷密度测量方法。基于该方法测量了浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中的高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅样本的表面电荷密度,并研究了溶液pH值对表面电荷的影响。研究结果表明高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅由于表面硅烷基的电离带负电。溶液pH值和离子浓度的增加都会增加浸在去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaCl溶液中高硼硅玻璃和二氧化硅的表面电荷密度的绝对值。     

Ti薄膜与AlN陶瓷的界面反应

用X射线衍射分析、二次离子质谱、卢瑟福背散射谱、俄歇电子能谱等表面分析技术，研究了Ti膜与AlN陶瓷衬底的界面固相反应-在高真空中用电子束蒸发的方法在抛光的200℃ AlN陶瓷衬底上淀积200nm的Ti膜，并在真空恒温炉中退火-实验表明，退火中Ti膜与AlN界面发生了扩散与反应-650℃，1h退火已观测到明显的界面反应-界面反应产物主要是钛铝化物及Ti-N化合物-铝化物是Ti-Al二元化合物和Ti-Al-N三元化合物，850℃，4h退火后则主要由Ti₂AlN组成- 关键词：     

离子液体存在下银的电沉积及其表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

离子液体作为一种绿色介质,在电化学领域的应用研究正在兴起,并已引起了研究者的浓厚兴趣。运用循环伏安法研究了离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐,[bmim]NO₃)添加剂存在时,AgNO₃溶液中的Ag在玻碳电极上的电化学沉积行为。研究表明,离子液体的加入对Ag的沉积具有阻化作用。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对沉积层的表面形貌进行表征,结果显示离子液体的存在可使沉积层更加致密,Ag颗粒的尺寸减小。以甲基橙为探针分子,研究了在加入及不加[bmim]NO₃添加剂的AgNO₃溶液中电沉积所得银颗粒膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,增强因子分别为1.7×105和1.1×105,表明在离子液体存在下制得的Ag颗粒膜具有相对较好的SERS活性。     

一种电色显示器的初步研究

近年来电色现象和电色显示器件颇受人们重视.电色显示器可以简单表示为: 电极/电解质/显示电极.最初报道的电色显示器是采用液体电解质(如H2SO4),它有漏液、冷凝和挥发以及溶解显示 电极等缺点.随着快离子导体研究的迅速进展,开始了用快离子导体作电解质的全固态电色显示器的研究工作.电色显示现象的物理基础是固体中的快离子传输.在直流电场作用下离子被注入到过渡金属氧化物(如WO3)或层状石墨显示电极中,形成如 HxWO3(0相似文献   

现代仪器在泌尿系结石元素分析中的运用

对泌尿系结石所含元素进行准确的分析可为治疗尿石症和预防其复发提供重要的参考,文章综述了现代仪器分析技术在泌尿系结石元素分析中的运用及其研究进展,这些技术包括：X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、质子激发X射线发射光谱(PIXE)、能量分散X射线分析(EDX)、电子束探针微区分析(EPMA)、原子发射光谱(AES)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)及离子选择性电极等。     

神奇的表面浸润

<正>1.自然界中的浸润现象当把一种液体沉积于固体表面上时,由于液体、气体以及固体分子间的作用力,液体最后会处于平衡状态,这时气、液、固三相交点处气、液界面的切线会与固液界面线成一定角度的夹角,这种现象称为浸润,形成的角度称为接触角。对于水这种常见液体,一般人们把水滴接触角小于90°的表面称为亲水表面,接触角大于90°的表     

超声波振动对水/E-GaIn在不同基板表面润湿的影响

液体在固体表面上的润湿铺展在许多科学和工程领域中有重要意义,但是外界能量诱导润湿的机理尚不清楚。本文研究了在超声振动作用下原子/分子液体的润湿性,并探讨了其铺展驱动力。研究表明,超声振动作用下能显著提高液体在固体表面的润湿性。超声波提高液体的润湿性主要是由两个因素造成的。一方面,超声波在固/液界面处产生动量传递层,对于润湿系统,该层可以驱动液体的润湿铺展,但是对于非润湿系统,当接触角在90°附近时,界面处的动量传递并不是它的驱动力。另一方面,超声振动引起的气液界面粗化(即,在气液界面的表面张力波)也是驱动液体润湿铺展的因素之一。因此,在超声辅助钎焊的应用中,超声振动提高润湿性的主要原因可能是上述提到的物理因素,而不是固液界面的化学反应.     

一种可用于细胞内汞离子可视化检测的荧光探针

将硫代罗丹明6G酰肼(R6GS)应用于水溶液和活细胞内汞离子的荧光成像检测.在测试体系中,R6GS本身溶液无色,荧光非常弱;加入汞离子后,溶液立刻变为粉红色且荧光显著增强,而对其他离子则没有响应,表明该探针分子对汞离子有较高的选择性和较高的灵敏性.荧光光谱显示R6GS对0-1.0×10-5mol/L的汞离子有较好线性关系,检出限为6.25×10-7mol/L.最后,该探针被成功用于官颈癌细胞中Hg2+的荧光成像研究.     

离子液体/微波萃取海红果渣中总黄酮工艺

以离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Br)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取海红果渣中的总黄酮,系统考察了[bmim]Br浓度、萃取温度、料液比等因素的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为离子液体浓度0.6mol/L,萃取温度70C,液固比30 (mL/g),萃取时间15min,重复萃取2次,在该条件下,海红果渣中总黄酮提取率为0.259％.     

CdSe/ZnS电化学发光法测定去甲肾上腺素

以巯基丙酸为稳定剂制备了水溶性CdSe/ZnS量子点,并采用滴涂法制备了CdSe/ZnS修饰的金电极（CdSe/ZnS/GE）,研究其电化学发光（ECL）性质,考察了pH、CdSe/ZnS浓度、扫描速度、静置时间等实验条件对ECL强度的影响。结果表明,在碱性溶液中,去甲肾上腺素（NE）在鲁米诺溶液中对CdSe/ZnS的电化学发光信号有明显的增敏作用,由此建立了一种检测去甲肾上腺素的新方法。当去甲肾上腺素的浓度（C_NE）在2.3×10^-5~1.0×10^-8 mol/L范围内时,去甲肾上腺素的浓度与相对电化学发光强度呈现良好的线性关系。线性回归方程为ΔI_ECL=118.788C_NE-15.333（R=0.994 4）,最低检测限（S/N=3）为0.33×10^-8 mol/L。     

Study of solid electrolyte polarization by a complex admittance method

The polarization behavior of zirconia-yttria solid electrolyte specimens with platinum electrodes has been studied over a temperature range of 400° to 800°C and a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. The complex admittance of these specimens was determined over a frequency range from d.c. to 100kHz. An analysis of these data in the complex admittance plane indicated the presence of three polarizations: (1) an electrode polarization characterized by a double layer capacity and an effective resistance for the overall electrode reaction, O₂(gas) + 2e(platinum) O²⁻ (electrolyte); (2) a capacitive-resistive electrolyte polarization, probably corresponding to a partial blocking of oxygen ions at the electrolyte grain boundaries by an impurity phase there; and (3) a pure ohmic electrolyte polarization.     

萘酰亚胺接枝壳聚糖Al3+荧光探针的合成及光谱性能研究

以1,8-萘酰亚胺、壳聚糖、盐酸吗啉胍为原料,通过酰亚胺化、席夫碱等反应,设计合成了一种萘酰亚胺接枝壳聚糖类增强型荧光探针（NCFP）。采用红外、核磁共振等技术对其结构进行表征,利用荧光光谱研究了其光谱性能及对金属离子的识别作用。研究结果表明,合成的荧光探针对Al³⁺具有较高的选择识别性能,且受常见离子的干扰较小。探针的荧光强度与Al³⁺浓度（29.90~253.41 μmol/L）有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R²=0.997 9,Al³⁺的最低检出限达4.279 μmol/L,Job's曲线表明,荧光探针与Al³⁺的络合比为1：1。     

Variation of passivation behavior induced by sputtered energetic particles and thermal annealing for ITO/SiO_x/Si system

The damage on the atomic bonding and electronic state in a SiO_x(1.4-2.3 nm)/c-Si(150 μm) interface has been investigated.This occurred in the process of depositing indium tin oxide(ITO) film onto the silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering.We observe that this damage is caused by energetic particles produced in the plasma(atoms,ions,and UV light).The passivation quality and the variation on interface states of the SiO_x/c-Si system were mainly studied by using effective minority carrier lifetime(τ_(eff)) measurement as a potential evaluation.The results showed that the samples' τ_(eff)was reduced by more than 90%after ITO formation,declined from 107 μs to 5 μs.Following vacuum annealing at 200 ℃,the τ_(eff) can be restored to 30 μs.The components of Si to O bonding states at the SiO_x/c-Si interface were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) coupled with depth profiling.The amorphous phase of the SiO_x layer and the "atomistic interleaving structure" at the SiO_x/c-Si interface was observed by a transmission electron microscope(TEM).The chemical configuration of the Si-O fraction within the intermediate region is the main reason for inducing the variation of Si dangling bonds(or interface states) and effective minority carrier lifetime.After an appropriate annealing,the reduction of the Si dangling bonds between SiO_x and near the c-Si surface is helpful to improve the passivation effect.     

Investigation of the Li1+xV3O8 electrode–organic electrolyte interface by scanning photoelectron microscopy

To investigate the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the Li_1+xV₃O₈ electrode surface in the thermodynamic stability range of the organic electrolyte, we applied scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) to a pristine electrode and to an electrode after ten cycles. The F K-edge absorption spectrum of the cycled electrode showed that LiF forms on the electrode surface during the lithium insertion–extraction process in the Li_1+xV₃O₈/Li cell. The photoelectron spectrum for the cycled electrode showed intense spectral features corresponding to Li 1s, F 2s, F 2p, and P 2p electron signals, whereas these spectral features were of negligible intensity for the pristine electrode. The above results give strong support for the formation of an SEI that consists of LiF and compounds containing phosphorus during operation of the battery. The SPEM images also revealed that the fluorine distribution on the surface of the cycled electrode was inhomogeneous.     

Investigation of the composition and properties of catalytic layers prepared by the ion beam-assisted deposition of tin and platinum on carbon supports

Catalytic layers are prepared by the vacuum ion-beam-assisted deposition of tin and platinum onto carbon-based AVCarb® Carbon Fiber Paper P50 and Toray Carbon Fiber Paper TGP-H-060 T supports to produce electrocatalysts for direct methanol and ethanol fuel cells with a polymer-membrane electrolyte. The layers are formed in the mode of ion-assisted deposition, wherein ions of the deposited metal are used as ions assisting deposition. Metal deposition is performed from a neutral vapor fraction, while mixing of the deposited layer with the substrate by accelerated ions of the same metal is carried out from the vacuum arc discharge plasma of a pulsed electric arc ion source. The morphology and composition of the layers is studied using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It is demonstrated by means of voltammetric measurements that the resulting electrocatalysts exhibit activity in the oxidation of methanol and ethanol.     

Size effect on electric-double-layer capacitances of conducting structures

The charge storage in an electrical double-layer capacitor is dependent on the accumulation of ions on the interface between electrolyte and conducting material and the spatial distribution of ions in electrolyte. In this work, we study the effect of local curvature on the concentration of ions on the interface between electrolyte and electrode from the framework of thermodynamics and incorporate the concentration of ions on the interface in the analysis of the spatial distribution of ions for symmetric binary electrolytes. Semi-analytical results of the integral electrical-double-layer capacitances per unit area under the condition of large Debye-Hückel constant are obtained for spherical particle and cylindrical rod, which reveal the contribution of interface energy between the conducting material and the electrolyte to the storage of charge. For spherical cavity and cylindrical pore at small electric potential, the solution of the electric potential for linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation is used in the calculation of the integral electrical-double-layer capacitances per unit area, which are dependent on the sizes of the cavity and pore and independent of the interface energy between the conducting material and the electrolyte. For spherical cavity and cylindrical pore at large electric potential, the integral double-layer capacitances are dependent on the interface energy.     

有机-无机复合纳米材料的传感应用及机理

有机-无机杂化复合纳米材料可以在微观尺寸上将有机和无机组分相结合,使复合材料兼具两种组分的优点,实现所需的性能或功能,因此成为材料学的研究热点之一。本文以有机荧光染料罗丹明、三苯胺和金属配合物发光材料为母体,制备出一系列对汞离子、铜离子、铁离子等常见金属离子具有明显光谱响应的探针类材料并选取合适的支撑基质组装成有机-无机复合材料,实现了对金属离子和一些阴离子的目视比色传感。不同离子的加入及加入顺序都会对探针类材料的吸收及发光光谱造成明显的变化。以不同的金属离子或氧气作为输入值,以吸收强度/发光强度作为输出值,模拟了分子水平的逻辑门,拓展了这些材料的应用。为了解决背景荧光干扰,我们利用六角相的β-NaYF4纳米晶为激发源,采用二氧化硅进行包覆,然后将荧光探针分子固载到二氧化硅表面,得到了对金属离子具有传感性能的核壳型的上转换纳米复合材料。在近红外激发下能够显示明亮的上转换绿光发射,同时对金属离子具有较好的选择性、较高的灵敏度,并且其荧光强度表现出对汞离子浓度的线性响应。这种纳米复合材料的上转换光学性质、汞离子传感性能使它们在分析化学、生物化学等领域有潜在的应用价值。     

金衬底调控单层二硫化钼电子性能的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函的第一性原理研究了金衬底对单层二硫化钼电子性能的调控作用. 从结合能、能带结构、电子态密度和差分电荷密度四个方面进行了深入研究. 结合能计算确定了硫原子层在界面的排布方式, 并指出这种吸附结构并不稳定. 能带结构分析证实了金衬底与单层二硫化钼形成肖特基接触, 并出现钉扎效应. 电子态密度分析表明金衬底并没有影响硫原子和钼原子之间的共价键, 而是通过调控单层二硫化钼的电子态密度增加其导电率. 差分电荷密度分析表明单层二硫化钼的导电通道可能在界面处产生. 研究结果可对单层二硫化钼晶体管的建模和实验制备提供指导.