共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
This paper studies the properties of a kind of portable ultra-bright
microfocus x-ray source with the Monte-Carlo method in detail. The new
x-ray source consists of an electron-emission system, an
electrostatic focusing system and a metal target. A crystal
Lanthanum Hexaboride cathode, a Wehnelt grid and an extracted
electrode compose the triode electrode electron-gun system. Two
equal radius cylinder electrodes form the focusing system. The key
factors determining the focus properties of the electron beam such as the
ratio Dw/H, grid bias Vg, and the properties of the
extracted electrode are numerically studied. The calculated results
reveal that when Dw/H, Vg, the length of
the extracted electrode, and the distance between the grid and the extracted
electrode equals 5, --0.6~kV, 10~mm, and 8~mm respectively, the
electron beam focal spot can be concentrated down to 9~μm in
radius and a reasonable focal length about 72.5~mm can be achieved,
at the same time, the cathode emission currents can be as high as
30~mA. 相似文献
2.
This paper reports that DLC (diamond like carbon)/Ti and DLC films were prepared by
using pulsed laser arc deposition. R-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy,
Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, nanoindenter, spectroscopic
ellipsometer, surface profiler and micro-tribometer were employed to study the
structure and tribological properties of DLC/Ti and DLC films. The results show that
DLC/Ti film, with $I(D)/I(G)$ 0.28 and corresponding to 76{\%} sp$^{3}$ content
calculated by Raman spectroscopy, uniform chemical composition along depth
direction, 98 at{\%} content of carbon, hardness 8.2 GPa and Young's modulus 110.5
GPa, compressive stress 6.579 GPa, thickness 46~nm, coefficient of friction 0.08,
and critical load 95mN, exhibits excellent mechanical and tribological properties. 相似文献
3.
Liqing Wu Meichun Huang Shuping Li Zizhong Zhu 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1999,12(4):493-496
Micro-hardness and scratch adhesion testing are the most commonly used techniques for assessing the mechanical properties
of thin films. Both of these testing methods utilize single-point contact and induce plastic deformation in the substrate
and film. However, the influence of adhesion on the measured hardness has been seldom reported so far. In our experiments,
diamond-like carbon (DLC) and silicon carbide (SiC) films deposited on silicon and nickel-based alloy substrates by pulsed
laser ablation were indented and scratched by a Vickers micro-hardness tester and a diamond-cutter, respectively. It was found
that the composite hardness decreased more rapidly for poor adhesion when increasing the indentation load. The result was
explained by the elastic-plastic deformation mode of indentation and helped us to understand the physical meaning of one parameter
commonly introduced in the models used to separate film hardness from the composite hardness.
Received 30 June 1998 相似文献
4.
E. Süske T. Scharf P. Schaaf E. Panchenko D. Nelke M. Buback H. Kijewski H.-U. Krebs 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2004,79(4-6):1295-1297
The structural and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition in ultra-high vacuum were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography and microhardness measurements. After preparation, the film hardness and elastic modulus are found to be increased. This is caused by a reduced chain length of the polymer film to values of 5800 g/mol and by cross links of an amount of about 20% of the polymer, while the chemical structure of the deposited films is comparable to the target material. During annealing, relaxation processes lead to a reduction of the film hardness, without changing the cross-linked part in the samples. PACS 81.05.Lg; 81.15.Fg; 68.55.Jk; 68.60.Bs; 68.60.Dv 相似文献
5.
S. Bistac M. F. Vallat J. Schultz 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(5-6):1037-1043
The relaxation and crystalline properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) co-polymers inserted in steel/polymer/steel assemblies were studied. To investigate the properties of the interfacial region, polymers of different thickness inserted in the assemblies were analyzed. The studied EVA copolymers are semicrystalline polymers. The relaxation properties of the amorphous phase were investigated by dynamic mechanical measurements performed on the steel/polymer/steel assemblies, and the crystalline properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that, for low polymer thicknesses, the mobility of the amorphous phase is significantly reduced. Significant changes in the crystalline organization also were observed when the polymer thickness decreased, with the presence of more numerous disorganized crystals for thin EVA layers. These crystals can act as physical ties that reduce the mobility of the neighboring amorphous chains. These results indicate the formation of an interphase layer of reduced mobility. 相似文献
6.
《Composite Interfaces》2013,20(2-3):103-111
Semiconductor–polymer nanocomposites, with good control over the nanoparticle size and their dispersion within the polymer matrix, can have applications in many optical and luminescent display devices. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) is the most popular semiconductor nanoparticle exhibiting size dependent properties due to its large exciton binding energy and its suitability for large scale production. The nanoparticles need to be passivated against aggregation with suitable capping agents, without sacrificing the desirable properties like transparency and flexibility of the polymer. Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles capped with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are synthesized using cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as Cd2+ and S2– sources, respectively. CdS particles with sizes in the range of 5–6 nm are prepared in methanol and the solvent is removed using a rotary evaporator. CdS powder is dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution with dimethyl formamide (DMF) as solvent to get (PVP–CdS)–PVA nanocomposite film of about 0.2 mm thickness. This has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and photoluminescence (PL). Particle size does not change due to incorporation in the polymer matrix and the polymer retains its transparency and flexibility. The nanocomposite shows good photoluminescence property with stronger band edge emission than defect related emission. The latter could be quenched completely by optimizing the PVP content. Irradiation of the nanocomposite with 8 MeV electrons at a dose of 100 kGy could effectively quench the defect related emission. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates the procedure of cubic boron nitride (cBN) thin film delamination by Fourier-transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It finds that the apparent IR absorption peak area near 1380cm^-1 and 1073 cm^-1 attributed to the B-N stretching vibration of sp2-bonded BN and the transverse optical phonon of cBN, respectively, increased up to 195% and 175% of the original peak area after film delamination induced compressive stress relaxation. The increase of IR absorption of sp2-bonded BN is found to be non-linear and hysteretic to film delamination, which suggests that the relaxation of the turbostratic BN (tBN) layer from the compressed condition is also hysteretic to film delamination. Moreover, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that cBN film delamination is possible from near the aBN(amorphous BN)/tBN interface at least for films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. 相似文献
8.
The speed performance and static power dissipation of the
ultra-thin-body (UTB) MOSFETs have been comprehensively investigated,
with both DC and AC behaviours considered. Source/drain extension
width ($L_{\rm sp})$ and silicon film thickness $(t_{\rm si})$ are
two independent parameters that influence the speed and static power
dissipation of UTB silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs respectively,
which can result in
great design flexibility. Based on the different effects
of physical and geometric parameters on device characteristics, a method to
alleviate the contradiction between power dissipated and speed of UTB SOI MOSFETs is
proposed. The optimal design regions of $t_{\rm si}$ and
$L_{\rm sp}$ for
low operating power and high performance logic applications are
given, which may shed light on the design of UTB SOI MOSFETs. 相似文献
9.
Ultrasonic treatment can improve the compatibility between a hydrophobic material and a hydrophilic polymer. The light transmittance, crystalline structure, microstructure, surface morphology, moisture barrier, and mechanical properties of a composite film with or without ultrasonication were investigated. Ultrasound increases the film’s light transmittance, resulting in a film that has good transparency. Ultrasonication did not change the crystalline structure of the polymer film, but promoted V-type complex formation. The surface of the film became smooth and homogeneous after the film-form suspension underwent ultrasonic treatment. Compared to the control film, after ultrasonication at 70% amplitude with a duration of 30 min, the average roughness and maximum roughness declined from 212 nm to 17.6 nm and from 768.7 nm to 86.5 nm, respectively. The composite film with ultrasonication exhibited better tensile and moisture barrier properties than the nonsonicated film. However, long-term and strong ultrasonication will destroy the polymer structure to some extent. 相似文献
10.
11.
Anomalous magnetic properties of an iron film system deposited on fracture surfaces of α-Al2O3 ceramics 下载免费PDF全文
An iron film percolation system is fabricated by vapour-phase deposition on fracture surfaces of α-Al2O3 ceramics. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization measurement reveals that the magnetic phase of the film samples evolve from a high-temperature ferromagnetic state to a low-temperature spin-glass-like state, which is also demonstrated by the temperature-dependent ac susceptibility of the iron films. The temperature dependence of the exchange bias field He of the iron film exhibits a minimum peak around the temperature T=5 K, which is independent of the magnitude of the cooling field Hcf. However, for T 〉 10K, (1) He is always negative when Hcf=2kOe and (2) for Hcf= 20 kOe (1Oe≈80 A/m), He changes from negative to positive values as T increases. Our experimental results show that the anomalous hysteresis properties mainly result from the oxide surfaces of the films with spin-glass-like phase. 相似文献
12.
采用平挤上吹成膜工艺制备了EVOH,PE,EVA薄膜,并利用红外光谱仪、透光率/雾度测定仪等分别研究了以EVOH,PE,EVA树脂为基材生产的薄膜的透光率、雾度、红外阻隔率和温室增温、保温性能的关系.结果表明在光学性能上,EVOH树脂薄膜比常用的PE和EVA农膜的雾度分别下降10%和5%左右;从红外透射率来看,EVOH... 相似文献
13.
M. Okuyama T. Usuki Y. Hamakawa T. Nakagawa 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1980,21(4):339-343
A series of experiments for growing epitaxial PLZT thin films has been made with rf sputtering. X-ray and electron diffraction
analyses confirm that the fabricated films grow epitaxially on SrTiO3 and MgO crystals. A good transparency in the region above 0.4 μm to infrared with good ferroelectric properties is obtained.
Propagation loss of He−Ne laser light is less than 6 dB/cm, and the PLZT thin film is a promising candidate for the optical
modulator and other functional elements for integrated optics. 相似文献
14.
Orientation-enhanced nonlinear optical properties and phase-conjugate reflective system of a novel Azobenzene doped polymer film 下载免费PDF全文
This paper reports that the nonlinear refractive index of
a novel organic optical storage film doped azo-diphenylamine polymer is
measured by using the $Z$-scan technique. The nonlinear refractive index up to
$3.7\times 10 ^{ - 6 }$~cm$^{2}$/W induced by thermo-optical effect is
obtained. It indicates that the sample has excellent optical nonlinear
properties. The physical mechanism of the great nonlinear optical effect is
analysed and the optical conjugate characteristic is also discussed with
degenerate four-wave-mixing. The phase conjugate wave diffracted from the
formative refractive index grating in the sample is acquired and its
equivalent reflectivity reaches about 22{\%}. On this basis, the reflective
wave phase-conjugated mirror system was designed, and the image aberration
experienced in propagation in the storage experiment is corrected by using
the system. 相似文献
15.
Superhydrophobic surfaces via controlling the morphology of ZnO micro/nano complex structure 下载免费PDF全文
ZnO micro/nano complex structure films, including reticulate papillary nodes, petal-like and flake-hole, have been self-assembled by a hydrothermal technique at different temperatures without metal catalysts. The wettability of the above film surfaces was modified with a simple coating of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane in toluene. After modifying, the surface of ZnO film grown at 50~${^\circ}$C was converted from superhydrophilic with a water contact angle lower than 5$^{\circ}$ to superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 165$^{\circ}$. Additionally, the surface of reticulate papillary nodes ZnO film grown at 100~${^\circ}$C had excellent superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 173$^{\circ}$ and a sliding angle lower than 2$^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the water contact angle on the surface of petal-like and flake-hole ZnO films grown at 150~${^\circ}$C and 200~${^\circ}$C were found to be 140$^{\circ}$ and 120$^{\circ}$, respectively. The wettability for the samples was found to depend strongly on the surface morphology which results from the growth temperature. 相似文献
16.
The analytical transfer matrix method (ATMM) is applied to
calculating the critical radius $r_{\rm c}$ and the dipole
polarizability $\alpha_{\rm d}$ in two confined systems: the hydrogen
atom and the Hulth\'{e}n potential. We find that there exists a
linear relation between $r_{\rm c}^{1/2}$ and the quantum number $n_{r}$
for a fixed angular quantum number $l$, moreover, the three bounds
of $\alpha_{\rm d}$ ($\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}$, $\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}$,
$\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$) satisfy an inequality:
$\alpha_{\rm d}^{K}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{B}\leq\alpha_{\rm d}^{U}$. A comparison
between the ATMM, the exact numerical analysis, and the variational
wavefunctions shows that our method works very well in the systems. 相似文献
17.
Jacek Piglowski Maria Trelińska-wlaźlak Barbara Paszak 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(5-6):515-525
The effect of compatibilization on the adhesion, fracture toughness, morphology, and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA) blends was investigated. Maleic anhydride (MAH) functionalized poly-(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA-g-MAH) and nonreactive EVA copolymer were used as compatibilizers in binary blends. An attempt of in situ compatibilization via addition of pure maleic anhydride to PA/EVA/PP melt was also made. The blends containing maleated EVA copolymer showed more regular and finer dispersion of phases, better adhesion at the interface, and improved mechanical properties. 相似文献
18.
本文考虑带有黑洞视界和宇宙视界的Kiselev时空.研究以黑洞视界和宇宙视界为边界的系统的热力学性质.统一地给出了两个系统的热力学第一定律;在黑洞视界半径远小于宇宙视界半径的情况下,近似地计算了通过宇宙视界和黑洞视界的热能.然后,探讨Kiselev时空的物质吸积特性.在吸积能量密度正比于背景能量密度的条件下给出黑洞的吸积率,讨论了黑洞吸积率与暗能量态方程参数的关系. 相似文献
19.
Low emissivity is the complex system and polymer binder is one of the most important factors that affect optical and mechanical properties of the coating. Low infrared emissivity coatings were prepared by using flake aluminum particles and three types of polymer resins as fillers and binders, respectively. The influence of polymer binder viscosity on pigment particles distribution, surface morphology and infrared emissivity of the coating was systematically investigated. The results indicate that infrared emissivity of the coating can be strongly affected by the resin viscosity at the same preparation condition, which induces different aluminum particles distribution and surface morphology of the coating. Low resin viscosity is helpful for aggregating pigments and reducing the top polymer layer thickness near the surface, thus the infrared emissivity is reduced. If the resin viscosity value is decreased by two orders of magnitude, the infrared emissivity values would be reduced as much as 0.2. Additionally, a theoretical model is proposed to account for this mechanism, which indicates that sedimentation, evaporation and diffusion play important roles in forming different aluminum particles distribution during the drying process of the coating. 相似文献
20.
Rotation of ferromagnetic clusters induced magnetoresistance in the junction composed of La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 +δ and 1 wt.% Nb-doped SrTiO3 下载免费PDF全文
A junction composed of ultrathin La0.9Ca0.1MnO3+δ (LCMO) film and 1 wt.% Nb-doped SrTiO3 was fabricated and its magnetoresistance (MR) was studied and compared with LCMO film. It was found that the resistance of the junction has a similar dependence on magnetic field as that of the LCMO film: the curvature of R-H curves is upward above Curie temperature (Tc) and downward below TC. These behaviours strongly suggest that the rotation of ferromagnetic clusters in manganite also causes MR in the corresponding junction. This MR can be qualitatively understood by the change of the width of the barrier induced by the rotation of ferromagnetic clusters. These results suggest a possibility to obtain junctions with large low-field MR. 相似文献