SPME/GC/MS分析荷花玉兰挥发性成分

利用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(SPME/GC/MS)联用技术对荷花玉兰挥发性成分进行研究。共鉴定出48个化学成分,占挥发性总成分的85.76%。荷花玉兰主要挥发性化学成分是反式-香叶醇(38.11%),苯甲醇(4.99%),3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(4.33%),松香芹酮(3.24%)等。     

SPME/GC/MS分析小一点红挥发性化学成分

利用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(SPME/GC/MS)联用技术对小一点红挥发性成分进行研究。共鉴定出25种化学成分,占挥发性总成分的91.99%。小一点红主要挥发性化学成分是β-月桂烯(51.18%),3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六烯-1-醇(21.55%),β-水芹烯(8.42%),n-十六酸(2.48%)等。     

两种凤丹鲜花挥发性成分的HS/SPME/GC/MS分析

利用顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(HS/SPME/GC/MS)联用技术对凤丹白和凤丹粉两种鲜花的挥发性成分进行研究,比较分析两种凤丹鲜花挥发性成分.两种凤丹鲜花中共检测出50种挥发性成分,其共有的挥发性成分有27种.在凤丹白鲜花中检测出41种挥发性成分,占挥发性总成分的89.00％,主要为碳氢类、醛类、醚类、醇类、酚类和酯类化合物,分别占挥发性总成分的55.78％、21.15％、9.22％、2.32％、0.27％和0.26％;在凤丹粉鲜花中检测出36种挥发性成分,占挥发性总成分的89.00％,主要为碳氢类、醚类、醇类、醛类、酯类和酚类化合物,分别占挥发性总成分的78.76％、4.07％、2.72％、2.70％、0.42％和0.33％.两种凤丹鲜花挥发性成分及含量差异比较显著,差异性成分主要表现为:凤丹白含有(R)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛、壬醛、正己醛、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基-庚烷等,而凤丹粉含有6,9-十七烷二烯.     

柚子皮挥发油化学成分分析

使用水蒸气蒸馏法提取柚子皮中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对柚子皮化学成分进行分离鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。分析结果表明,共检测出62种组分,鉴定了其中的31种组分,占挥发油组分总量的50.0%。主要成分是β-蒎烯、4,4A,5,6,7,8-六氢-4,4A-二甲基-6-(1-甲基亚乙基)-(4R-顺)-2(3H)-萘酮、氧化芳樟醇、(E,E)-3,7,11,15-四甲基-1,6,10,14-十六碳四烯-3-醇。     

顶空固相微萃取法分析安吉白茶香气成分

以安吉白茶为研究对象,采用全自动顶空-固相微萃取(Headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)提取其香气物质,用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)鉴定香气组分,并采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果在安吉白茶中检出香气成分73个,占挥发性成分总量的95.59％,主要以酯类(30.17％)、醇类(27.75％)、酮类(13.75％)和碳氢化合物(9.24％)为主.安吉白茶的香气成分主要是十六烷酸甲酯、香叶醇、十六烷酸、亚麻酸甲酯、植醇、植酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、亚油酸甲酯、β-紫罗酮、雪松醇、茉莉酮、橙花叔醇、芳樟醇、咖啡因、香叶基丙酮等.     

蒙青绢蒿挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从蒙青绢蒿中提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱法峰面积归一化法计算各成分的百分含量。从挥发油中共鉴定出50种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.11%。主要成分:3,3,6-三甲基-1,5-庚二烯-4-醇(67.83%),2,3,6-三甲基-1,4-庚二烯-6-醇(8.70%),桉树脑(2.37%),银香菊(2.12%),柠檬醇(1.91%),1-甲醇基-2,2-二甲基-3-异丁烯基-环丙烷(1.62%),乙酸-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酯(1.14%)等。本实验首次采用GC-MS对蒙青绢蒿中挥发油化学成分进行了分析,可为该植物挥发油的开发利用提供理论依据。     

梁山慈竹挥发油成分的GC/MS分析及抑菌活性评价

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,从梁山慈竹竹秆及竹叶中提取挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法对梁山慈竹竹秆及竹叶挥发性成分进行分析,采用面积归-化法测定了挥发油中各组分的相对质量分数,利用抑菌圈法分别对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、番茄青枯菌、大肠杆菌进行抑菌性研究.结果显示,从竹秆和竹叶水蒸气蒸馏所得挥发油中分别检测出40种和76种化合物,其中竹秆中主要成分为14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯（20.83％）,8,11-十八碳二烯酸甲酯（20.23％）,棕榈酸（15.27％）,亚麻酸甲酯（12.07％）,棕榈酸乙酯（4.87％）,叶绿醇（3.78％）;竹叶中主要成分为：2-乙基呋喃（（4.51％）、（E）-2-己烯醛（5.73％）、植酮（4.29％）、棕榈酸乙酯（11.5％）、叶绿醇（4.81％）.其中竹秆精油对金黄色葡萄球菌有着很强的抑制能力,竹叶精油对水稻白叶枯菌抑制能力明显.     

干红枣ASE提取物的GC/MS分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用加速溶剂萃取法（ASE）萃取干枣中的香味成分,并进行毛细管气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析和卷烟加香应用效果研究。结果表明：利用GC/MS从干红枣ASE提取物中共鉴定出35个挥发性成分,其中主要香味成分是：5-羟甲基糠醛、环十六内酯、十五-14-烯酸、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮、棕榈酸、2-羟基-环十五酮、十八-9-烯醛、十八-9-烯酸、氧杂环十三-2-酮、1,3-环戊二酮和己酸等。香味轮廓分析法和卷烟应用实验显示：干红枣ASE提取物能有效地掩盖卷烟杂气,提高烟香丰富性,使烟气柔和细腻。     

凹叶厚朴各部位挥发油成分比较研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)提取凹叶厚朴不同部位的挥发油成分,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析其组成.结果显示:根鉴定出19个化合物,其中4(14),11-桉叶二烯(26.04％),(1S-顺)-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基亚乙基)-奠(24.94％),石竹烯(9.41％),β-桉叶醇(7.28％)为主要成分...     

掌裂草葡萄根皮杀虫成分的初步研究

采用不同溶剂,对掌裂草葡萄[Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bge.var.palmiloba(Carr.)Rehd.]根皮中的杀虫成分进行了提取研究,并初步推断出5类杀虫活性成分:(1)2-[[2-[(2-乙基环丙基)-甲基]环丙基]甲基]环丙烷辛酸,环戊烷甲酸十五烷酯;(2)α-d-吡喃葡萄糖苯磺酸酯,蔗糖;(3)天然麝香,麝香黄葵;(4)9,9-二甲氧基二环[3.3.1]壬-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-2,5-呋喃二酮;(5)11,13-二甲基-12-十四烯-1-醇乙酸酯,9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯。     

SPME/GC-MS分析冷水花的挥发性成分

利用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱（SPME/GC-MS）联用技术分析冷水花挥发性化学成分。共鉴定出61个化学成分,占总挥发性成分的98.42%。冷水花挥发性化学成分主要是1-甲基-5-甲烯基-8-（1-异丙基）-[s-（E,E）]-1,6-环癸二烯（20.03%）,石竹烯（13.38%）,1-萘胺（5.27%）,愈创兰油烃（5.20%）,N-（4-羟苯基）-丁酰胺（5.12%）,α-法呢烯（4.73%）,1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2,4-二丙烯基-环己烷（4.59%）等。     

Process optimization and characterization of arachidonic acid oil degumming using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method

Ultrasound assisted enzymatic method was applied to the degumming of arachidonic acid (ARA) oil produced by Mortierella alpina. The conditions of degumming process were optimized by response surface methodology with Box- Behnken design. A dephosphorization rate of 98.82% was achieved under optimum conditions of a 500 U/kg of Phospholipase A₁ (PLA₁) dosage, 2.8 mL/100 g of water volume, 120 min of ultrasonic time, and 135 W of ultrasonic power. The phosphorus content of ultrasonic assisted enzymatic degumming oil (UAEDO) was 4.79 mg/kg, which was significantly lower than that of enzymatic degumming oil (EDO, 17.98 mg/kg). Crude Oil (CO), EDO and UAEDO revealed the similar fatty acid compositions, and ARA was dominated (50.97 ~ 52.40%). The oxidation stability of UAEDO was equivalent to EDO and weaker than CO, while UAEDO presented the strongest thermal stability, followed by EDO and CO. Furthermore, aldehydes, acids and alcohols were identified the main volatile flavor components for the three oils. The proportions of major contributing components such as hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonanal, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-nonenal and aldehydes in UAEDO and EDO were all lower than CO. Overall, Ultrasound assisted enzymatic degumming proved to be an efficient and superior method for degumming of ARA oil.     

独活浸膏的热裂解产物分析

采用在线热裂解-气相色谱质谱联用技术(Py-GC-MS),模拟卷烟燃吸状态,对独活浸膏进行热裂解,裂解产物经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析。结果表明:独活浸膏的热裂解产物中共鉴定出51种成分,主要有5-羟甲基糠醛(29.00%)、甲氧基欧芹酚(18.79%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-亚油酸(5.76%)、(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸(3.64%)、5-甲基糠醛(2.79%)、十六酸(2.67%)、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮(1.55%)、糠醛(1.29%)等致香物质,该结果为独活浸膏在卷烟中的应用提供理论依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法研究香稻品种白香糯化学成分

本文采用同时蒸馏－萃取法（Ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓ Ｄｉｔｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎｓ－Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ,ＳＤＥ）提取了香稻品种－白香糯的挥发性香味成分,采用气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）联用技术鉴定了白香糯的２３种非酸性香气成分。对其中最重要的香气成分２－乙酰基－２－吡咯啉进行了定量测定。     

蕤核挥发油化学成分的分析

采用普通水蒸气蒸馏法提取蕤核挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分析鉴定,共鉴定出33种化学组分,占挥发油总量的78.038%.主要含有斯巴醇(10.265%),亚油酸(8.075%),β-石竹烯(7.278%),7-辛烯-4-醇(6.572%),枯茗醛(4.435%),α-非兰烯醇(4.093%)等。     

浙产山胡椒根挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对浙产山胡椒根挥发油的化学成分进行分析和鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一法计算各组分的相对百分含量。从山胡椒根的挥发油中,分析并鉴定出17种化合物。主要含1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-奥艹、4,6,6-三甲基-2-(3-甲基-1,3-丁二烯基)-3-氧杂环-辛烷、愈创木醇、1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-奥艹,它们占挥发油总量的84.75%。     

Effect of sugars on liquid-vapour partition of volatile compounds in ready-to-drink coffee beverages

The effect of sugars (sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, 10%w/v) on the liquid-vapour partition of selected volatile compounds of coffee beverages has been investigated in espresso coffee and ready-to-drink (RTD) canned coffee prepared and obtained by using the same Arabica roasted coffee beans blend. Aroma composition of coffee beverages has been preliminary investigated by headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) and solid phase microextraction-HS-GC-mass spectrometry to characterize the volatile pattern of the systems and to evaluate the effects of sugars on the aroma release/retention. Then, the liquid-vapour partition coefficient (k) of 4 selected key aroma compounds (diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, ethylpyrazine, hexanal) was determined in water, sugars solutions as well as RTD coffee brews added with the same sugars (10%w/v). Sugars added in coffee beverages affected the release of the volatiles and thus its aroma profile with differences due to the type of added sugar and coffee brew type. The k values of the selected volatile compounds resulted different depending on the model system composition (water, coffee brew) and sugar type added. In particular, melanoidins as well as other non-volatile components (lipids, acids, carbohydrates) in the RTD coffee brews could be implied in the change of k of the volatile compounds in respect to that observed in water. The effects of the sugar type on the release/retention of the four key coffee aroma compounds were partly explained in terms of 'salting out' especially for the more polar volatile compounds and in the sucrose-added model systems. The change of chemical and physico-chemical properties of the water and brews induced by the sugars as well as the occurrence of interactions between volatile compounds and non-volatile components may be implied in the reduction of the vapour partition of the aroma compounds. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.