用14N（d，p）15N反应测定谷物种子含氮量

简述利用核技术快速无损选择高蛋白质含量谷物种子的原理和技术． The principle and technique, which the protein content in the seeds of grain was measured by using the nuclear reaction technique, was briefly described in this paper.     

Microstructure and optical properties of nitrogen-doped ZnO film

The nitrogen doping of ZnO film deposited by the magnetron sputtering method is subsequently realized by the hydrothermal synthesis method.The nitrogen-doped ZnO film is preferably(002) oriented.With the increase of hexamethylenetetramine(HMT) solution concentration,the average grain size of the film along the 002 direction almost immediately decreases and then monotonously increases,conversely,the lattice strain first increases and then decreases.The structural evolution of the film surface from compact and even to sparse and rough is attributed to the enhanced nitrogen doping content in the hydrothermal process.The transmission and photoluminescence properties of the film are closely related to grain size,lattice strain,and nitrogen-related defect arising from the enhanced nitrogen doping content with HMT concentration increasing.     

Distribution of Vibrational Energy Levels of Protein Molecular Chains

The distributions of the quantum vibrational energy levels of the protein molecular chain are found by the discretely nonlinear Schoedinger equation appropriate to protein obtained from the Davydov theory.The results calculated by this method are basically consistent with the experimental values.Furthermore,the energy spectra at high excited states have also been obtained for the molecular chain which is helpful in researching the properties of infrared absoption and Raman Scattering of the protein molecules.     

Histogram comparison used in BESⅢ software and data validation

The performance of histogram comparison is studied for the various types of hypothesis test methods. The Kolmogorov test is recommended for the software and data validation and the minimum event numbers for different distributions are given in order to get more reliable results. A new bin content comparison method is implemented to deal with the hitmap-like histograms.     

Ferroelectric Properties of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 Thin Films Crystallized inDifferent N2/O2 Ambients

Bi3.25La0.75 Ti3O12 （BLT） ferroelectric thin films are deposited by sol-gel method and annealed for crystallizaion in total l eccm N2/02 mixed gas with various ratio at 750℃ for 30rain. The effect of crystallization ambient on the structural and ferroelectric properties of the BLT films is studied. The growth direction and grain size of BLT film are revealed to affect ferroeleetric properties. Alter the BLT film is annealed in 20%O2, the largest P~ value is obtained, which is ascribed to an increase of random orientation and large grain size. The fatigue property is improved with the concentration of oxygen in the ambient increasing, which is ascribed to annealing in the ambient with high concentrated oxygen adequately decreasing the defects related to lack of oxygen.     

A proposed method to characterize high harmonic microbunching in EEHG operation of SDUV-FEL

The echo-enabled harmonic generation （EEHG） scheme offers remarkable efficiency for generating high harmonic microbunching with a relatively small energy modulation. A proof of principle experiment of the EEHG scheme has been proposed at the Shanghai deep ultraviolet （SDUV） free electron laser （FEL） facility, where the 4th harmonic of the seed laser is amplified in the 9 m long radiator. To explore the advantages of the EEHG scheme, in this paper, a method of measuring the coherent high harmonic radiation of the radiator is proposed to investigate the electron beam microbunching corresponding to the 10th-20th harmonics of the seed laser. The principle of the proposed method, comparisons with existing methods and the simulation results are presented and discussed.     

Chaos game representation of functional protein sequences, and simulation and multifractal analysis of induced measures

Investigating the biological function of proteins is a key aspect of protein studies. Bioinformatic methods become important for studying the biological function of proteins. In this paper, we first give the chaos game representation (CGR) of randomly-linked functional protein sequences, then propose the use of the recurrent iterated function systems (RIFS) in fractal theory to simulate the measure based on their chaos game representations. This method helps to extract some features of functional protein sequences, and furthermore the biological functions of these proteins. Then multifractal analysis of the measures based on the CGRs of randomly-linked functional protein sequences are performed. We find that the CGRs have clear fractal patterns. The numerical results show that the RIFS can simulate the measure based on the CGR very well. The relative standard error and the estimated probability matrix in the RIFS do not depend on the order to link the functional protein sequences. The estimated probability matrices in the RIFS with different biological functions are evidently different. Hence the estimated probability matrices in the RIFS can be used to characterise the difference among linked functional protein sequences with different biological functions. From the values of the D_q curves, one sees that these functional protein sequences are not completely random. The D_q of all linked functional proteins studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the C_q (analogous to specific heat) curves to be meaningful. Furthermore, the D_q curves of the measure \mu based on their CGRs for different orders to link the functional protein sequences are almost identical if q\geq 0. Finally, the C_q curves of all linked functional proteins resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point.     

Enhancement of upconversion luminescence of YAlO3：Er^3＋ by Gd^3＋ doping

Two series of Yb3+-doped silica glasses (YA and YAP) are fabricated using the sol-gel method, and their spectroscopic properties are investigated. The longest fluorescence lifetime of 0.96 ms is obtained in YAP2 and YAP3 glasses. The emission cross-section (σemi) and σemi ×τ of Yb3+ in the YAP1 glass are 1.00 pm2 and 0.94 pm2·ms, respectively. Co-doping with Al and P decreases the hydroxyl group content in the glasses because of the reduction in non-bridging oxygen content. The lowest OH content in the YAP3 glass is 9.6 ppm.     

Some discussions about method for solving the variable separating nonlinear models

Through analysing the exact solution of some nonlinear models, the role of the variable separating method in solving nonlinear equations is discussed. We find that rich solution structures of some special fields of these equations come from the nonzero seed solution. However, these nonzero seed solutions is likely to result in the divergent phenomena for the other field component of the same equation. The convergence and the signification of all field components should be discussed when someone solves the nonlinear equation using the variable separating method.     

离子束次级辐射对春麦的诱变效应

利用中能重离子束辐照生物靶材料时产生的中子、γ射线和次级碎片等次级辐射对春麦种子进行辐照 ,然后通过田间试验和实验室的分析测定 ,得到了 M1代植株的变化 . (1 )在生物学性状中 ,穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒重、小穗密度和有效分蘖数变异率较大 ;(2 )除 SOD活性外 ,POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量和蛋白质含量的变异率也较大 ;(3 )休眠种子和萌发种子辐照M1代在生物学性状的变化上存在很大的差异 ;(4)两个春麦材料的辐射敏感性差异明显 .由此表明 ,兰州重离子加速器辐照终端在进行生物学实验时产生的次级辐射是可能利用的诱变源. Secondary radiation such as neutrons, high energy light particees, γ rays is produced when ion beams with medium energy irradiate biological materials. Spring wheat was placed in radiobiological experiment area(irradiation terminal L2) to expose to the secondary radiation. The variation of M1 generation of the wheat seeds was obtained through test in the fields and measuremeat in laboratery: (1) There were very high variation rates in grain number, number of small...     

Effect of the Crystal Structure on the Electrical Properties of Thin-Film PZT Structures

A new method of two-stage crystallization of lead zirconate–titanate (PZT) films using a seed sublayer with a low excess lead content has been proposed and realized. A seed layer with a strong texture of perovskite Pe(111) grains is formed from a solution with a lead excess of 0–5 wt %; the fast growth of the grains is provided by the deposition of the main film from a solution with high lead content. As a result, a strong Pe(111) texture with complete suppression of the Pe(100) orientation forms. An analysis of current–voltage dependences of the transient currents and the distributions of the local conductivity measured by the contact AFM method reveals two various mechanisms of current percolation that are determined by traps in the bulk and at the perovskite grain interfaces.

     

基于集成学习的水稻氮素营养及籽粒蛋白含量监测

利用高光谱遥感技术在水稻收获前对籽粒品质相关的蛋白质含量进行监测,一方面可以及时调整栽培管理方式,指导合理追肥,另一方面,有助于提前掌握籽粒品质信息,明确市场定位。该研究以广东省典型优质籼稻为研究目标,基于2019年和2020年两年氮肥梯度实验,以水稻分化期和抽穗期冠层尺度高光谱数据、水稻氮素参数,包括叶片氮素含量（LNC）、叶片氮素积累量（LNA）、植株氮素含量（PNC）、植株氮素积累量（PNA）及籽粒蛋白含量数据为基础,利用四种个体机器学习算法partial least square regression (PLSR)、K-nearest neighbor (KNN)、Bayesian ridge regression (BRR)、support vector regression (SVR),三种集成学习算法random forest (RF)、adaboost、bagging,针对水稻不同生育期氮素状况进行监测建模,在此基础上构建基于水稻冠层光谱信息、光谱信息结合水稻农学氮素参数的籽粒蛋白含量的监测模型,并对模型进行精度对比。研究结果表明,在水稻氮素营养监测方面,利用水稻冠层454~950 nm波段信息,采用RF及Adaboost算法,在水稻分化期、抽穗期及全生育期LNC、LNA、PNC及PNA模型R2均达到0.90以上,同时也具有较低的RMSE和MAE。在水稻籽粒蛋白品质监测方面,采用全波段光谱信息进行籽粒蛋白含量监测时,RF具有最高的精确度与稳定性,两生育期的RF模型对籽粒蛋白含量的监测结果R2分别为0.935和0.941,RMSE分别为0.235和0.226,MAE分别为0.189和0.152;两生育期以全波段光谱信息结合长势参数进行籽粒蛋白监测时,Adaboost模型具有最高的精确度和稳定性,其中分化期全波段光谱信息结合PNA作为输入参数,Adaboost模型R2为0.960,RMSE为0.175,MAE为0.150,以抽穗期全波段光谱信息结合PNC作为输入参数,R2为0.963,RMSE为0.170,MAE为0.137。研究结果表明,与PLSR,KNN,BRR和SVR几种个体学习器算法相比,集成算法RF,Adaboost和Bagging具备良好的处理多重共线性的能力,适合用于高光谱数据的分析与处理,在作物氮素营养监测及水稻品质的早期遥感监测方面具有明显优势。     

利用小麦叶片SPAD值预测成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量的研究

研究和建立在收获前对小麦籽粒品质快速无损预测的技术,本文利用31个小麦品种材料,对五个不同时期所测小麦顶一叶至顶四叶的SPAD值进行分析,获得SPAD值随取样时期及叶位的变化规律;利用近红外光谱测定蛋白质含量的方法获得材料的籽粒蛋白质含量,建立叶片SPAD值与成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量的相关关系。发现顶一叶SPAD递减速率与籽粒蛋白质含量之间呈现明显的负相关,直线拟合方程为y=-3.210 9x+14.286,相关系数r=-0.849 0。经显著性分析推断顶一叶SPAD值的递减速率与籽粒蛋白质含量存在着十分显著的直线相关关系。因此可以利用顶一叶SPAD值的递减速率来对籽粒蛋白质含量进行预测,以减轻品质育种工作量,指导育种实践。     

Microprobing the molecular spatial distribution and structural architecture of feed‐type sorghum seed tissue (Sorghum Bicolor L.) using the synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy technique

Sorghum seed (Sorghum bicolor L.) has unique degradation and fermentation behaviours compared with other cereal grains such as wheat, barley and corn. This may be related to its cell and cell‐wall architecture. The advanced synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy (SR‐IMS) technique enables the study of cell or living cell biochemistry within cellular dimensions. The objective of this study was to use the SR‐IMS imaging technique to microprobe molecular spatial distribution and cell architecture of the sorghum seed tissue comprehensively. High‐density mapping was carried out using SR‐IMS on beamline U2B at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, USA). Molecular images were systematically recorded from the outside to the inside of the seed tissue under various chemical functional groups and their ratios [peaks at ～1725 (carbonyl C=O ester), 1650 (amide I), 1657 (protein secondary structure α‐helix), 1628 (protein secondary structure β‐sheet), 1550 (amide II), 1515 (aromatic compounds of lignin), 1428, 1371, 1245 (cellulosic compounds in plant seed tissue), 1025 (non‐structural CHO, starch granules), 1246 (cellulosic material), 1160 (CHO), 1150 (CHO), 1080 (CHO), 930 (CHO), 860 (CHO), 3350 (OH and NH stretching), 2960 (CH₃ anti‐symmetric), 2929 (CH₂ anti‐symmetric), 2877 (CH₃ symmetric) and 2848 cm^?1 (CH₂ asymmetric)]. The relative protein secondary structure α‐helix to β‐sheet ratio image, protein amide I to starch granule ratio image, and anti‐symmetric CH₃ to CH₂ ratio image were also investigated within the intact sorghum seed tissue. The results showed unique cell architecture, and the molecular spatial distribution and intensity in the sorghum seed tissue (which were analyzed through microprobe molecular imaging) were generated using SR‐IMS. This imaging technique and methodology has high potential and could be used for scientists to develop specific cereal grain varieties with targeted food and feed quality, and can also be used to monitor the degree of grain maturity, grain damage, the fate of organic contaminants and the effect of chemical treatment on plant and grain seeds.     

单颗种子导热系数的测定及传热过程实验研究

对于种子干燥方面的研究,大多是针对其宏观传热传质即干燥动力学方面。本文采用热成象技术对单颗蚕豆种子的传热过程进行了研究,用实验求解导热方程反问题的方法计算出不同含水率下单颗种子的导热系数,对种子在非稳态下内部温度场进行了测试与分析．研究结果表明,在含水率小于 ２０％时,其导热系数随着含水率的增加而增大,当含水率大于 ２５％时则表现出较强的非均质性和非稳态性。对单颗蚕豆种子内部温度场测定而得到的种子热剖面温度分布表明,种子内部存在温度梯度其热扩散具有均匀性,同时反映出种皮传热热阻的存在。这些结果对于深入研究种子内部的传热传质机理,具有重要的实际意义。     

Relationship between the spatial position of the seed and growth mode for single-crystal diamond grown with an enclosed-type holder

The relationship between the spatial position of the diamond seed and growth mode is investigated with an enclosed-type holder for single-crystal diamond growth using the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition epitaxial method. The results demonstrate that there are three main regions by varying the spatial position of the seed. Due to the plasma concentration occurring at the seed edge, a larger depth is beneficial to transfer the plasma to the holder surface and suppress the polycrystalline diamond rim around the seed edge. However, the plasma density at the edge decreases drastically when the depth is too large, resulting in the growth of a vicinal grain plane and the reduction of surface area. By adopting an appropriate spatial location, the size of single-crystal diamond can be increased from 7 mm × 7 mm × 0.35 mm to 8.6 mm × 8.6 mm × 2.8 mm without the polycrystalline diamond rim.     

Characterisation of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by a low temperature hydrothermal method

In this paper, growth steps of well defined ZnO nanorod arrays deposited on seeded substrates were investigated. To obtain ZnO seed layer on glass substrates, a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was used and then ZnO nanorods were grown on seed layer using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The effects of seed layer and deposition time on morphology, crystallographic structure (e.g. grain size, microstrain and dislocation density) and electrical characteristics of ZnO nanorods were studied. From the SEM micrographs, it could be seen that the ZnO nanorods densely covered the substrate and were nearly perpendicular to the substrate surface. The XRD patterns showed that the ZnO nanorod arrays had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred orientation along the (002) plane. An increase in deposition time resulted in an increase in the intensity of the preferred orientation and grain size, but a decrease in microstrain and dislocation density. Electrical activation energies of the structures were calculated as 0.15–0.85?eV from current–temperature characteristics. It was concluded that the morphologies of the structures obtained in this study via a simple and fast solution method can provide high surface areas which are important in area-dependent applications, such as solar cells, hydrogen conversion devices, sensors, etc.     

PbTiO3/PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3/PbTiO3夹心结构铁电薄膜子晶层的优化

用Sol-Gel法制备了Pb_(1+x)TiO₃/PbZr_03Ti_07O₃/Pb_(1+x)TiO₃(PT/PZT/PT)夹心结构及PZT铁电薄膜,为了获得高质量的PT/PZT/PT夹心结构铁电薄膜,使用不同过量Pb配比(x)的PbTiO₃ (PT)层进行制备,以获得优化的PT子晶层.X射线 关键词： PT/PZT/PT 夹心结构 子晶 铁电薄膜     

Fabrication of high performance Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grains in air using a practical melt processing technique

A practical processing route for the fabrication of LRE-Ba–Cu–O single grain superconductors has been developed at the University of Cambridge based on a generic, Mg-doped Nd-123 melt textured seed and suppression of the formation of the solid solution phase in air by enriching the precursors with higher Ba concentration. The processing of high performance Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grains using this processing route is described. The Mg-doped generic seed crystal has been used effectively to promote heterogeneous nucleation via a cold-seeding process. The Gd/Ba solid solution has been suppressed by enriching Gd–Ba–Cu–O precursor powders with two different Ba-rich compositions. This involved adding BaO₂ and GdBa₆Cu₃O_y (Gd-163) (a novel Ba-rich second phase) to the precursor powders, respectively. The Gd-163 phase has been observed not only to suppress formation of the solid solution phase, but also to promote increased heterogeneous grain size. A detailed further study has been carried out with an initial aim of optimizing the BaO₂ and Gd-163 phase content of the precursor composition to produce a single grain almost free of solid solution. Based on the optimized parameters, large single grain Gd–Ba–Cu–O superconductors have been fabricated in an air atmosphere and demonstrated to exhibit record trapped magnetic fields for this material melt processed in air in relatively small single grain samples. The trapped fields of samples produced in air atmosphere are at least comparable to those processed under reduced oxygen partial pressure.