双行程红外辐射振动流化种子干燥的传热传质研究

在深入研究单行程红外辐射振动流化种子干燥的基础上，本文开拓出双行程振动流化干燥，其特点是在干燥过程中种子与供热热风均经两次行程，干燥装置总高度不变，其干燥行程增加20％．通过非稳态干燥动力学实验研究表明，增加内行程种子总脱水率增加87％，总干燥周期为单行程的1／1．8，料温为其0．82（47℃／57℃）倍．由于增加内筒使恒速段延长并提高了梅这段的干燥速率，整个干燥过程适应种子的生理生化特性，因而可保持种子的活力。文中根据干燥速率方程分别实验研究了辐射、对流与导热在强化种子传热传质过程中的各自贡献．这些研究为我国的‘种子工程’尤其是品种繁多、特性各异干燥难度较高的蔬菜种子干燥提供了理论依据与技术基础。     

利用热像与生理实验法研究种子的优化传热传质

本文运用工程热物理和种子生理学科交叉的研究方法，在辐射振动流化干燥装置中，对白菜种子的动、静态干燥进行了热象测试分析，并且同步进行了种子的生理实验研究．结果表明种子的临界干燥温度是干燥时间和含水率的函数，当含水率较低及干燥周期较短时，种子的临界干燥温度可以提高，为种子的优化传热传质提供了理论依据．     

树脂基碳纤维复合材料各向异性导热系数研究

本文通过实验测试与数值预测结合研究了平纹、斜纹树脂基碳纤维复合材料的各向异性传热性能。实验方面,采用基于电加热膜加热的稳态"三明治"结构进行测试,得到了材料厚度与面内方向导热系数随温度的变化规律。模拟方面,观测复合材料内部微观结构,重构建立了代表性单胞模型,在三维方向分别模拟其一维稳态导热过程来预测材料不同方向的导热系数。研究结果表明,实验获得的树脂基碳纤维复合材料厚度与面内方向导热系数均随材料热面温度升高而近似线性增大,面内方向导热系数约为厚度方向的2.8倍,因密度相近,平纹、斜纹机织结构材料各主轴方向导热系数偏差小于10%。数值预测结果与实验结果基本符合,并对引起实验与数值结果偏差的来源进行分析。     

白菜种子的超显微结构及生理生化特性与干燥参数的关系

种子这一生命材料的传热传质，已从宏观迈向微观，从整体迈向细胞、原生质、细胞器、分子膜的水平发展，并研究了种子的生理生化特性与规律，文中用透射电镜对未干与干燥的白菜种子进行了９６个切片观察表明，仅在细胞壁发现有皱褶．对初含水率为１３％，经２小时、４５℃干燥的白菜种子其α淀粉酶相对活性下降了５．８％，研究表明酶的活性不仅与温度有关，还是初含水率与干燥时间的函数。     

基于热质理论的广义热弹性动力学模型

具有微尺度传热特征的超常传热过程中,热流矢与温度梯度之间存在延迟效应,且热流的运动受到空间效应的影响.基于热质概念的普适导热定律,结合Clausius不等式和Helmholtz自由能公式,构建了计及热流矢和温度对时间和空间惯性效应的广义热弹性动力学模型,推导了各向同性材料超常传热行为的热弹性控制方程组.通过与已有广义热弹性动力学模型进行对比分析可得,当热流密度不大的条件下,热流矢与温度对空间的惯性效应可忽略时,基于热质概念的广义热弹性模型可分别退化为L-S,G-L和G-N的模型;对于尺度微观、稳态导热条件时,热流矢与温度对空间的惯性效应不可忽略,此时导热系数将受到热质运动惯性效应的影响,利用所建模型可揭示稳态导热时呈现的非傅里叶现象,并可避免基于已有广义模型得到的导热系数随结构特征尺寸变化的非物理现象.     

液相饱和度对多孔介质稳态导热系数的影响

在非饱和含湿多孔介质传热传质的过程中,由于湿分迁移的存在,使得真实导热系数的测量和处理存在争议。为此,运用有限元方法,求解了二维稳态条件下非饱和含湿多孔体特征单元的温度和热流密度,给出了不同液相饱和度时的有效导热系数。结果表明,对于通常的导热能力固体远大于液体、液体远大于气体的情形,随着液相饱和度的增加,多孔介质的导热系数先迅速增加,然后逐渐趋于平稳。     

多孔介质快速干燥过程中热质耦合效应的研究

本文针对一维多孔介质的第一类边界条件,对高强度快速干燥条件下热质交换的普遍微分方程组进行求解。研究了高强度快速干燥过程中多孔介质内部传热传质之间的相互耦合现象以及初始边界条件的变化对热质传递的影响,为多孔介质内部温度场和湿度场的控制奠定理论基础。     

吸附剂基质膨胀石墨的渗透率与导热系数研究

为了测试混合吸附剂基质材料石墨的传热传质特性,设计了吸附剂渗透率与导热系数测试装置,首先用平板热源法测试了散装石墨在不同膨胀温度及不同膨胀时间下的导热系数,优选出了石墨的最佳膨胀工艺,然后采用最佳膨胀工艺下的石墨进行固化,以氮气作为气源对固化石墨进行了渗透率研究,以稳态热源加热法对固化石墨进行导热系数测试,结果表明,当...     

氧化铝纤维传热方式及反问题研究

本文分析了典型热防护绝热材料氧化铝纤维内部的传热方式及传热反问题。氧化铝纤维内部的传热主要以固体纤维导热、纤维孔隙气体导热和辐射传热为主。本文以气-固耦合导热模型和辐射模型为依据,利用数值方法求解了氧化铝纤维内部的温度场,并拟合得出耦合气体导热,固体导热和辐射三种方式的有效热导率。本文利用遗传算法求解氧化铝纤维的稳态传热反问题,根据氧化铝纤维的温度数据,优化得到有效热导率的预测值,并与参考值进行对比,结果表明在一定进化代数内优化误差随进化代数的增加而减小。     

基于稳态电热拉曼技术的碳纳米管纤维导热系数测量及传热研究

利用稳态电热拉曼技术测量了碳纳米管纤维对流换热环境下的导热系数. 该方法基于材料拉曼信号与温度之间的关系, 实时探测一维材料在不同电加热(内热源)下的中心点温度, 利用对流环境下的稳态导热模型推导出材料的导热系数, 实现了一维微纳材料热物性的无损化和非接触式测量. 实验发现: 碳纳米管纤维的导热系数远低于单根碳纳米管的导热系数, 但高于碳纳米管堆积床的导热系数. 这表明碳纳米管体材料的热物性主要取决于内部管束的列阵和管束间的接触热阻.     

Simultaneous investigation of MHD and convective phenomena on time-dependent flow of Carreau nanofluid with variable properties: Dual solutions

In countless applications, there is a thoughtful necessity for augmenting the poor thermal conductivity of conventional liquids to improve effectual heat transfer liquids. Nanofluids are fluids interruptions of nanoparticles and broad scrutiny have been presented on nanoliquid solicitations in heat transfer progressions. The intention of this exertion is to scrutinize the dual nature solutions of unsteady magnetite Carreau nanofluid influenced by porous stretching/shrinking surface. The phenomena of heat and mass transfer have been established in the manifestation of combined convective conditions with heat sink/source and variable thermal conductivity. By utilizing compatible conversions to rehabilitate the structure of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which were then elucidated numerically via bvp4c. Under the impact of diverse somatic parameters the graphical depiction of all the probable dual solutions of velocity, temperature, concentration, skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are scrutinized. These outcomes specify that the liquid velocity display similar tendency for both upper and lower solutions and decline for unsteadiness parameter, while it enhance for Weissenberg number.     

Effects of variable properties on MHD heat and mass transfer flow near a stagnation point towards a stretching sheet in a porous medium with thermal radiation

The effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on steady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) heat and mass transfer flow of viscous and incompressible fluid near a stagnation point towards a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium are presented,taking into account thermal radiation and internal heat genberation/absorbtion.The stretching velocity and the ambient fluid velocity are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point.The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation.The governing fundamental equations are first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using a scaling group of transformations and are solved numerically by using the fourth-order Rung-Kutta method with the shooting technique.A comparison with previously published work has been carried out and the results are found to be in good agreement.The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters,such as the variable viscosity and thermal conductivity,the ratio of free stream velocity to stretching velocity,the magnetic field,the porosity,the radiation and suction/injection on the flow,and the heat and mass transfer characteristics.The results indicate that the inclusion of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity into the fluids of light and medium molecular weight is able to change the boundary-layer behavior for all values of the velocity ratio parameter λ except for λ = 1.In addition,the imposition of fluid suction increases both the rate of heat and mass transfer,whereas fluid injection shows the opposite effect.     

硅纳米薄膜法向热导率的进一步分析

应用非平衡分子动力学方法进一步研究了平均温度为300K、厚度为2.715nm-43.44nm的单晶硅薄膜的法向热导率,模拟结果表明,薄膜热导率低于同温度下单晶硅的实验值,存在显著的尺寸效应,当膜厚度在20nm以下时,法向热导率随尺度减小而线性减小,当膜厚度大于20nm时法向热导率随尺度呈现二阶多项式变化。法向热导率的变化规律与面向热导率的变化规律类似,表明薄膜厚度和表面晶格结构对声子传热影响的复杂性。     

Loop thermosiphon thermal collector for waste heat recovery power generation

A loop thermosiphon thermal collector was developed for the waste heat recovery power generation with electric capacity of 500 W. The heat collector with heat transfer area of 0.159 m² (500 mm width and 300 mm depth) was connected to the condenser with a shrunken heat transfer area by a loop. The thermal performance of the apparatus was declined when increasing the water filling rate to 90% as the working fluid occupied the internal volume. In the range of water filling rate between 30% and 60%, the effective thermal conductivity was around100 times of the conductivity of copper.     

疏导式结构在头锥热防护中的应用

针对高超声速飞行器工作时头锥恶劣的热环境,为了保证飞行器头锥的尖锐外形, 提出疏导式热防护结构,利用内置高导热碳材料结构为飞行器头锥提供热防护. 采用流固耦合方法对头锥疏导式防热结构进行了分析,验证了头锥内置高导热碳材料具有较好防热效果, 其中来流马赫数(Ma)为9时头锥前缘壁面最高温度下降了21.9%,尾部最低温度升高了15.2%, 实现了热流由高温区向低温区的转移,削弱了头锥的热载荷,强化了头锥的热防护能力. 本文对外蒙皮结构参数、材料参数以及内部高导热碳材料导热率对头锥热防护性能的影响进行了分析, 其中头锥最高温度随着蒙皮材料导热系数的增加而降低到一个稳定值; 随着蒙皮材料表面黑度的增加而降低;随着蒙皮厚度的增加而升高;随着高导热碳材料导热系数的 增加而呈抛物线下降.     

真空热流法测定不良导体的导热系数

以恒定导热原理为基础,选用由温度表和温差电偶组成的温度测量装置,在真空环境下测量试样上下压杆对称位置的温度、有效传热面积和试样的厚度,通过计算机计算试样的导热系数.与传统的稳态法比较,采用真空热流法测定导热系数,材料内部的温度分布很快达到稳定,可以减小测量过程中试样及上加热盘和下散热盘侧面散热产生的影响.     

考虑界面接触热阻的一维复合结构的热整流机理

建立了考虑变截面、变热导率及界面接触热阻效应的组合热整流结构的温度场及热整流系数的理论模型和有限元解.数值算例证明了本文模型及算法的可靠性,进而通过参数影响研究确定了若干几何及材料参数对结构热整流系数的影响规律,揭示界面接触热阻对热整流效果的影响机理.研究结果表明长度比、截面半径变化率、热导率、边界条件温差和界面接触热阻等因素必须通过优化设计才能得到最大的热整流系数,同时界面接触热阻的引入也为调控热整流系数提供了一条新的途径.     

The effect of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in heat transfer simulations of frozen biomaterials

The thermal conductivity value of pure water ice is inversely proportional to the temperature and decreases about 5-fold as the temperature increases from the liquid nitrogen boiling temperature (77 K to the freezing point of pure water. The temperature dependency of the thermal conductivity is typically overlooked in bioheat transfer simulations. A closed-form solution of the one-dimensional temperature distribution in frozen water and blood is presented in this study, based on a new thermal conductivity model. Results indicate that temperatures are overestimated up to 38K, and heat fluxes through the frozen region boundaries are underestimated by a factor of 2, when the temperature dependency of the thermal conductivity is neglected.     

三维有序排列多孔介质对流换热的数值研究

利用CFD软件数值研究了颗粒三维有序堆积多孔介质的对流换热问题. 采用颗粒直径分别为14 mm,9.4 mm和7 mm的球形颗粒有序排列构成多孔介质骨架,在多孔骨架的上方有一恒热流密度的铜板. 采用流固耦合的方法研究了槽通道内温度分布和局部对流换热系数的分布以及对流换热的影响因素. 研究结果表明:热渗透的厚度和温度边界层的厚度在流动方向上逐渐增大,并且随流量的增加而减小;当骨架的导热系数比较高时,对流换热随颗粒直径的减小而略有增大;对流换热系数随聚丙烯酰胺溶液浓度的增大而减小,黏性耗散减弱了对流换热. 关键词： 多孔介质 温度场 局部对流换热系数 数值模拟     

Analytical prediction of forced convective heat transfer of fluids embedded with nanostructured materials (nanofluids)

Nanofluids are a new class of heat transfer fluids developed by suspending nanosized solid particles in liquids. Larger thermal conductivity of solid particles compared to the base fluid such as water, ethylene glycol, engine oil etc. significantly enhances their thermal properties. Several phenomenological models have been proposed to explain the anomalous heat transfer enhancement in nanofluids. This paper presents a systematic literature survey to exploit the characteristics of nanofluids, viz., thermal conductivity, specific heat and other thermal properties. An empirical correlation for the thermal conductivity of Al₂O₃ + water and Cu + water nanofluids, considering the effects of temperature, volume fraction and size of the nanoparticle is developed and presented. A correlation for the evaluation of Nusselt number is also developed and presented and compared in graphical form. This enhanced thermophysical and heat transfer characteristics make fluids embedded with nanomaterials as excellent candidates for future applications.