静高压下Cu-Si块状纳米合金的制备与表征

 用压淬的方法，在6 GPa静高压下，以200 K/s的冷却速率冷却熔融状态的Cu₇₀Si₃₀合金，制备出块状Cu-Si纳米合金．X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析表明：该纳米合金由γ-Cu₅Si和一未知相组成，未知相为简单立方晶体，晶格常数α₀=0.853 5 nm，其热力学状态为亚稳态。并对静高压下块状纳米合金的形成机理进行了探讨。     

静高压对Mn_4Si合金液－固转变中间相形成的影响及准晶相的截获

利用静高压熔态淬火方法对Ｍｎ＿４Ｓｉ合金液－固非平衡转变过程进行了研究。发现真空熔炼的合金中常见的（Ｍｎ＿４Ｓｉ）ξ相在高压下是不稳定的。而真空熔炼合金中没有的（Ｍｎ＿６Ｓｉ）Ｒ相在高压液－固转变过程中出现了。首次在４．５ＧＰａ压力下通过熔态淬火截获到了十二次准晶相。使用透射电子衍射技术对其进行了鉴别；使用Ｘ射线衍射对各晶体相和准晶相的结构和稳定性进行了研究。     

［（μ－CF＿3CO＿2）＿2Ln（μ－CF＿3HCO＿2）Al（i－Bu）＿2·2THFl＿2（Ln＝Nd，Y）配合物的NMR和X－射线衍射研究

对［μ－ＣＦ＿３ＣＯ＿２）＿２Ｌｎ（μ－ＣＦ＿３ＨＣＯ＿２）Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）＿２·ＴＨＦｌ＿２（Ｌｎ＝Ｎｄ，Ｙ）配合物单晶结构的Ｘ－射线分析指出，配合物具有中心对称性，配位中心由两个稀土和两个Ａｌ离子组成，稀土由两个ＴＨＦ和６个ＴＦＡ分子配位形成畸变的三盖三棱柱结构，Ａｌ由两个ＴＦＡＧ和两个ｉ－Ｂｕ配位形成四面体结构。桥连Ａｌ与两个稀土的ＴＦＡ分子的羧基发生歧化加氢，其碳原子由ＳＰ￣２型转变为ＳＰ￣３型．ＮＭＲ研究表明，在ＴＨＦ溶液中，该配合物保持了它在单晶中的配位结构，所不同的是两个ｉ－Ｂｕ在溶液中有两种异构形成，二者间为慢交换过程。     

静高压对Mn4Si合金液—固转变中间相形成的影响及准晶相的截获

利用静高压熔态淬火方法对Ｍｎ４Ｓｉ合金液－固非平衡转变过程进行了研究。发现真空熔炼的合金中常见的（Ｍｎ４Ｓｉ）ζ相在高压下是不稳定的。而真空熔炼合金中没有的（Ｍｎ６Ｓｉ）Ｒ相在高压液－固转变过程中出现了。首次在４．５ＧＰａ压力下通过熔态淬火截获到了十二次准晶相。使用透射电子衍射技术对其进行了鉴别；使用Ｘ射线衍射对各晶体相和准晶相的结构和稳定性进行了研究。     

Ge＿xSi＿（1－x）合金中的键长及其对电子能带结构的影响

采用经验紧束缚理论，以类似闪锌矿结构的晶体模型模拟Ｇｅ＿ｘＳｉ＿（１－ｘ）合金，根据总能最小原则计算了Ｇｅ＿ｘＳｉ＿（１－ｘ）合金中的键长及点阵常数．同时以紧束缚方法计算了原子位置发生弛豫前后的电子能带结构，并与虚晶近似下的计算结果进行了比较．计算结果表明，Ｇｅ＿ｘＳｉ＿（１－ｘ）合金中的键长基本上与合金组分无关，各自接近于Ｇｅ，Ｓｉ晶体中的键长，与广延ｘ射线吸收精细结构（ＥＸＡＦＳ）测量结果符合得很好．原子位置的弛豫对合金的电子能带结构影响很小，对合金的电子能带结构起主要作用的是合金的化学组分无序．     

高T_c氧化物体系的相关系和晶体结构

本文综述了Ｒ－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系，Ｂｉ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系，Ｔ１－Ｂａ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ ＃系，Ｔ１－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系以及Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｒ（Ｃａ）Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系超导相的相关系和晶体结构，并讨论了超导相的结构特点和它们之间的相互关系．     

Bi系高Tc超导材料的核四极共振（NQR）研究

用标准固相反应法，我们制备了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．４Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｙ和Ｂｉ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｙ纯相样品，在液氮温度下测量了Ｃｕ－ＮＱＲ和Ｂ－ＮＱＲ静态谱，发现ＮＱＲ谱都为大宽包，Ｃｕ－ＮＱＲ谱线位置反映铜原子所处的氧环境，Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ２Ｃｕ２Ｏｙ的ＮＱＲ谱宽反映其调制结构，Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．４Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３ＯｙＮＱＲ谱宽取决于其掺杂浓度。由于电场梯度弥散很大，Ｂｉ－ＮＱＲ谱很难观察。     

Gd＿（1－x）Ca＿xBa＿2Cu＿3O＿（7－y）高温超导体压力效应的研究

研究了Ｇｄ＿（１－ｘ）Ｃａ＿ｘＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（７－ｙ）（０．０≤Ｘ≤０．２０）高温超导体在常压和高压下的超导电性在１－３００Ｋ温度范围内，利用Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ对顶砧获得压力达９．０ＧＰａ，测量了（Ｘ＝０．１０，０．１５，０．２０）样品的ｄＴ＿ｃ／ｄｐ分别为７．６８，７．８和４．４６Ｋ／ＧＰａ。发现Ｔ＿ｃ的压力导数随着ｃａ￣（２＋）含量的增加而下降，分析了氧含量对Ｔ＿ｃ和ｄＴ＿ｃ／ｄＰ的影响．利用常压下晶格参数精修值和阳离子与氧离子间距随压力的改变，说明ＣｕＯ＿２面在超导电性上的作用，用ＣｕＯ＿２面之间耦合解释Ｔ＿ｃ（Ｐ）曲线的非线性关系。     

R＿（1－x）Pr＿xBa＿2Cu＿3O＿（7－δ）超导T＿c平台的离子尺寸效应

系统地研究了Ｒ＿（１－ｘ）Ｐｒ＿ｘＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（７－δ）的超导Ｔ＿ｃ与Ｐｒ替代浓度ｘ的关系。发现在离子半径ｒ＿ｉ≤ｒ＿ｉ（Ｄｙ）时，在低Ｐｒ浓度范围内存在一个超导Ｔ＿ｃ平台，并且平台宽度表明一个Ｒ￣（３＋）离子尺寸效应。我们认为，Ｔ＿ｃ平台宽度的离子尺寸效应可能起源于Ｐｒ４ｆ电子局域态的改变。提出一个临界Ｒ￣（３＋）离子半径ｒ＿（ｉｃ），ｒ＿ｉ＞ｒ＿（ｉｃ）时ＲＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（７－δ）的超导电性消失     

Si1—yCy合金的固相外延生长及其特性

采用固相外延的方法在Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上生长了Ｃ组分为０．５ａｔＴ的Ｓｉ１－ｙＣｙ合金,并对合金的质量及特性进行了测试分析。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.