HL-1装置的物理调试(1985)

自1985年4月起正式开展HL-1装置的物理调试,其目的是获得平衡、稳定和比较干净的等离子体,并在此基础上开展初步的物理实验研究。在纵向磁场2.3T下获得等离子体电流135kA,平顶时间150-200ms。等离子体电流的持续时间出乎意料地长达1s,其详细的物理原因尚待深入研究。其它等离子体参数的初步结果为n_e≈ 2.8×10~(13)cm~(-3),T_e≈350-500eV,τ_E≈10ms。     

中国环流器二号A装置(HL-2A)工程研制

中国环流器二号A装置(HL 2A)(设计指标:大半径1.65m、小半径0 4m、环向磁场2 8T、环向等离子体电流480kA)是我国已建成的第一个偏滤器托卡马克实验型磁约束聚变装置。HL 2A装置的首要研究目标是利用其独特的大体积极向偏滤器在高参数等离子体条件下开展与偏滤器位形运行有关的研究。本文总结了HL 2A装置工程设计、制造与安装、工程调试等研制的主要内容和关键技术。工程调试和初步物理实验的结果表明:HL 2A装置的主要工程参数和性能已具备开展物理实验的条件,并已成功地运行于偏滤器位形。2003年11月底,HL 2A装置获得等离子体电流168kA,等离子体存在时间920ms,等离子体线平均密度1.7×1019m-3,环向磁场1 4T,极限真空度为4.6×10-6Pa。     

ITER装置中等离子体旋转和反馈控制对电阻壁模影响的数值研究

在托卡马克等离子体中,电阻壁模是非常重要的磁流体不稳定性,特征时间在毫秒量级.对长时间稳态运行下的先进托卡马克,电阻壁模限制着聚变装置的运行参数空间(放电时间和比压),影响经济效益,所以研究电阻壁模稳定性至关重要.本文使用MARS程序,针对ITER装置上9 MA先进运行平衡位形,研究了等离子体旋转和反馈控制对电阻壁模的影响.结果表明,在没有反馈控制时,当比压参数Cβ取0.7,等离子体环向旋转频率达到1.1%的阿尔芬频率时,可以完全稳定电阻壁模;在等离子体环向旋转和反馈控制共同作用时,比压参数Cβ取0.7,反馈增益|G|取0.6时,稳定电阻壁模所需要的等离子体旋转频率为0.2%的阿尔芬频率.可见,单独靠等离子体环向旋转稳定电阻壁模所需的旋转频率较大;而等离子体环向旋转和反馈控制共同作用可以降低稳定电阻壁模的旋转频率临界值,符合先进托卡马克的运行.本文的研究结果对中国聚变工程试验堆CFETR的工程设计和运行具有一定指导意义.     

托卡马克微波预电离等离子体

使用回旋管系统产生的电子回旋波段的大功率微波在托卡马克中得到无电流等离子体。其电子密度达8×10¹²cm^-3,电子温度达50eV,粒子约束时间约为0.5ms,加热效率达25％以上。研究了对环向击穿的影响及加热机制。     

等离子体的静态稳定性

本文讨论了外磁场微小的变动对等离子体平衡位形的影响,即等离子体的静态稳定性问题。指出,只有当附加磁场与等离子体接近不稳定边界的模相耦合时,才可能引起平衡位形很大的变化。由此,我们分析了杂散场对环电流器(托克马克)的影响。     

自约束球形等离子体的平衡与稳定性

本文用磁流体力学的概念,解释并证实了在环境压力P₀中确可存在平衡且稳定的球形等离子体。同时发现在自约束的等离子体平衡态不可能是无力场位形。还证明自约束的球状等离子体平衡态不唯一。计算结果表明,等离子体火球内部的压力P小于环境压力P₀,与球形马克的磁场形态比较后发现自约束等离子体火球中的磁轴向中心偏移约10％,磁场的剪切稍弱。用Mercier判据可初步得知自约束球形等离子体平衡态是关于局域模稳定的。 关键词：     

CT-6托卡马克研究(Ⅰ) 实验装置的研制和调试

托卡马克是一种产生高温环形等离子体的聚变实验装置,也是一类复杂的现代化的电物理装备。CT-6是我国首先投入运行的小型托卡马克装置,其主要参数为:大半径45cm;小半径9.2cm;环向磁场2TL;等离子电流30kA;经过调试阶段,达到了预期目标,产生了平衡、稳定的电子温度为250eV左右的环形高温等离子体。CT-6由电磁系统(包括环向场、涡旋场、平衡场)、超高真空系统(包括环形真空室和抽气机组)、电源控制系统和诊断测量系统等部份组成,它是由中国科学院物理研究所、电工研究所及其他许多单位协作研制成功的。 本文描述CT-6装置的设计、结构、工程研制和调试过程,以及有关的试验结果。     

HL-2A托卡马克上的边缘局域模特性初步研究

高约束模式(H模)下自发产生的边缘局域模(ELM),虽然利于控制等离子体密度和排出杂质粒子从而实现H模放电的稳态运行,但是ELM爆发携带的大量粒子和能量会对装置的第一壁材料造成很大的损坏,所以在下一代聚变装置上使用之前很多装置已经开始了对ELM的研究.在HL-2A装置上观察到了不同的ELM,扰动幅度小的ELM引起的等离子体储能损失小于3%,ELM之间的时间间隔约为3 ms,表现出Ⅲ型ELM的特征;扰动幅度较大的ELM的爆发对等离子体电流、等离子体密度及储能都有很明显的扰动,对等离子体储能的扰动大于10%,ELM爆发的频率随通过等离子体磁分界面的净加热功率的增加而增加,表现出明显的Ⅰ型ELM的特征.ELM先兆有不对称性,在弱场侧磁探针信号能观测到,但强场侧却观测不到;ELM先兆的频率约为45 kHz,观测到的最长的先兆先于ELM前约10ms出现.     

J-TEXT装置纵场电源系统及其调试

J-TEXT装置的纵场磁体是由十六个近似圆形的常规铜线圈串联而成。纵场电源系统需要为纵场磁体提供最大电流为160kA、平顶时间为500ms的准梯形电流波形,以在等离子体中心产生最大为3T的磁场。基于原TEXT-U纵场电源的电路结构,重新设计和改造了电源的控制系统和保护系统。目前,纵场电源系统已经通过了测试,在J-TEXT装置首轮放电运行中,该系统可输出92.5kA的平顶电流,在等离子体中心产生了约1.74T的磁场。     

CT-6托卡马克研究(Ⅰ)——实验装置的研制和调试

托卡马克是一种产生高温环形等离子体的聚变实验装置,也是一类复杂的现代化的电物理装备。CT-6是我国首先投入运行的小型托卡马克装置,其主要参数为:大半径45cm;小半径9.2cm;环向磁场2TL;等离子电流30kA;经过调试阶段,达到了预期目标,产生了平衡、稳定的电子温度为250eV左右的环形高温等离子体。CT-6由电磁系统(包括环向场、涡旋场、平衡场)、超高真空系统(包括环形真空室和抽气机组)、电源控制系统和诊断测量系统等部份组成,它是由中国科学院物理研究所、电工研究所及其他许多单位协作研制成功的。本文描述CT-6装置的设计、结构、工程研制和调试过程,以及有关的试验结果。 关键词：     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.