HL-2A装置中性束发射光谱 诊断系统的研制与测试

在HL-2A装置上完成了一套32通道束发射诊断系统(BES)，可对径向r=12~44cm, 极向-7.5~+7.5cm二维空间范围内的长波长()电子密度扰动信息进行测量，其时间分辨率达到0.5ms，空间分辨率1~2cm。系统由内置于真空室的非对称镜头组、传输光纤、高性能探测器模块以及辅助的冷却和真空设备构成。系统的噪声在低频时(f<100kHz)主要由散粒噪声贡献，在较高频率时由散粒噪声和e噪声共同决定。在典型的HL-2A装置放电模式中，对于200kHz以下的扰动，该系统的信噪比(SNR)均大于3。     

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为了获取HL-2A等离子体的离子温度、旋转速度及其分布等重要参数,首次在HL-2A装置上开展了CXRS诊断。通过利用能有效探测微弱光的EMCCD和特殊设计的光学采集系统,获得了具有足够信噪比的诊断信号。实验得到的测量信号分析表明,设计是切实可行的。     

用光谱学方法研究不同放电等离子体粒子约束

本文用光谱学方法研究在ＨＬ－１装置上ＬＨＣＤ及ＥＣＲＨ等离子体，弹丸注入等离子体，偏压电极与偏压孔栏等离子体粒子约束特性。结果表明：在弹丸注入使用正向偏压电极与偏压孔栏期间，等离子体粒子约束行到改善，较低密度下（＾ｎｅ＜２．０×１０＾１＾３ｃｍ＾－＾３），ＬＨＣＤ脉冲期间粒子约束得到改善；而当密度＾－ｎｅ大于２．０×１０＾１＾３ｃｍ＾－＾３时，等离子体约束变坏。ＥＣＲＨ脉冲期间粒子约束得不到改善。     

基于系统程序的CFETR 工程预估造价评估

采用国际上多年来在托卡马克装置的部件研发、建造和运行经验形成的数据分析模型,运用MathCAD软件,根据中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)的概念设计方案,将其运行模式的设计参数作为初始值输入程序进行运算,得到CFETR 关键参数的关联性。通过对运算结果进行初步分析,给出了CFETR 聚变堆装置关键部件的工程参考造价及其所占比重;通过与ITER 装置造价构成进行比对,分析模拟结果的合理性,初步讨论其造价比重分布趋势原因,并给出相应优化方案和运行建议,为后续聚变堆的工程建设造价优化和结构设计分析,提供参考。     

HL-2A托卡马克中性束辐射光谱的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究中性束辐射光谱(BES)对开展与中性束相关的光谱诊断与实验有重要的指导意义.本文在HL-2A托卡马克装置上利用ADAS数据库（Atomic Data and Analysis Structure,1998）计算有效束辐射系数和有效束衰减系数,分析了束辐射光谱强度与等离子体运行参数和中性束参数的关系,并在不同的中性束注入能量、等离子体密度分布和等离子体温度分布的情况下,获得了束辐射光谱强度的空间分布.在n_e=2×10¹³ cm< 关键词： 中性束 束辐射光谱 束衰减     

Heat Transport of Non-Local Effect with Modulated SMBI on HL-2A

Modulated supersonic molecular beam （SMB） injection is introduced to study transport features of non-local transport phenomenon on HL-2A. Repetitive non-local effect induced by modulated SMBI allows Fourier trans-formation of the temperature perturbation, yielding detailed investigation of the pulse propagation. Fourier analysis provides evidence for existence of internal transport barriers. Meanwhile, experimental progress of nonlocal effect was made in the HL-2A Tokamak in 200Z The core electron temperature Te rise increases from 18% to more than 40% and the duration of the Te rise could be prolonged by changing the conditions of SMB injection.     

Density and impurity profile behaviours in HL-2A tokamak with different gas fuelling methods

The electron density profile peaking and the impurity accumulation in the HL-2A tokamak plasma are observed when three kinds of fuelling methods are separately used at different fuelling particle locations. The density profile becomes more peaked when the line-averaged electron density approaches the Greenwald density limit n_G and, consequently, impurity accumulation is often observed. A linear increase regime in the density range n_e< 0.6n_G and a saturation regime in n_e > 0.6n_G are obtained. There is no significant difference in achieved density peaking factor f_ne between the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and gas puffing into the plasma main chamber. However, the achieved f_ne is relatively low, in particular, in the case of density below 0.7n_G, when the working gas is puffed into the divertor chamber. A discharge with a density as high as 1.2n_G, i.e. n_e = 1.2n_G, can be achieved by SMBI just after siliconization as a wall conditioning. The metallic impurities, such as iron and chromium, also increase remarkably when the impurity accumulation happens. The mechanism behind the density peaking and impurity accumulation is studied by investigating both the density peaking factor versus the effective collisionality and the radiation peaking versus density peaking.     

均匀化模型对CFETR氦冷包层中子学影响研究

在CFETR氦冷固态包层及球床结构的最新概念设计方案中,基于均匀化模型、仅球床均匀化模型与高保真模型分别进行了中子学计算分析。研究了结构均匀化及球床空间自屏效应对包层中子学影响以及小球尺寸对氚增殖比的影响。结果表明,(1) 结构均匀化模型对氦冷包层中子学影响较小;(2) 随着小球直径的减少,球床空间自屏效应堆氚增殖比的影响逐渐降低;(3) 氦冷包层真实尺寸下的小球产生的空间自屏效应较低,可忽略不计。     

强场和弱场侧超声分子束注入对加料的影响

报道了HL-2A装置最新的实验结果,讨论并研究了超声分子束的注入位置对分子束在等离子体中的消融和穿透的影响,其中包括电离后的分子束粒子在磁场梯度作用和 E × B 漂移下的加速或减速及由此形成的冷通道效应.研究结果表明,磁场梯度和 E × B 漂移对于超声分子束的加料效果、消融和穿透有着重要的作用.强场侧注入可使电离后的电子和离子更深地进入等离子体芯部.这些研究对于更好地理解超声分子束与等离子体的相互作用和优化设计加料系统有一定作用.     

Observation of E×B Flow Velocity Profile Change Using Doppler Reflectometry in HL-2A

A broadband, O-mode sweeping Doppler reflectometry designed for measuring plasma E×B flow velocity profiles is operated in HL-2A. The main feature of the Doppler reflectometry is its capability to be tuned to any selected frequency in total waveband from 26-40 GHz. This property enables us to probe several plasma layers within a short time interval during a discharge, permitting the characterization of the radial distribution of plasma fluctuations. The system allows us to extract important information about the velocity change layer, namely its spatial localization. In purely Ohmic discharge a change of the E×B flow velocity profiles has been observed in the region for 28 〈 r 〈 30cm if only the line average density exceeds 2.2×10^19 m^-3. The density gradient change is measured in the same region, too.