近物所在产生金属离子束方面的研究

Since 1998,many experiments for metallic ion production have been done on LECR2(Lanzhou ECR ion source NO.2),LECR3(Lanzhou ECR ion source NO.3)and SECRAL(Superconductiong ECB ion source Advanced design in Lanzhou)at Institute of Modern Physics.The very heavy metallic ion beams such as those of uranium were also produced by the plasma sputtering method,and supplied for HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou)accelerators successfully.During the test,11.SeμAU~(28 ),9eμAU~(24 ) were obtained.Some ion beams of the metal having lower melting temperature such as Ni and Mg ion beams were produced by oven method on LECR3 too.The consumption rate was controlled to be lower for ~(26)Mg ion beams production,and the minimum consumption was about 0.3mg per hour.In this paper,the main experimental results are given.Some discussions are made for some experimental phenomena and results,and some conclusions are drawn.     

VENUS离子源的最新结果(28GHz)

The nest generation, superconducting ECR ion source VENUS (Versatile ECR ion source for Nuclear Science) has operated with 28GHz since 2004,and has produced world record ion beam intesities. The VENUS project is focused on two main objectives. First, for the 88-Inch Cyclotron,VENUS will serve as the third injector soures boosting both the energy and itensity of beams available form the facility.Seconly,VENUS also serves as the prototype injector source for a high intensity heavy ion beam driver linac for a next generation radioactive ion beam facility, where the goal is to produce intense beams of medium to low charge states ions such as 240eμA of Xe 20 or 250eμA of U28 to 34 . These high intensity ion beam requerements present a challenge for the beam transport system since the total currents extracte from the ECR ion source reach several mA. Therefore in parallel to io beam develoments,we are also enhancing our ion beam diagnostics devices and are conducting an extensive ion beam simulation effort to improve the understanding of the ion beam ransprot form the VENUS ECR ion source. The paper will give an overview of recent experiments with the VENUS ECR ion source. Since the last ECR ion source workshop in Berkeley in 2004.we have installed a new plasma chamber,which includes X-ray shielding.This enables us to operate the source reliably at high power 28GHz operation.With this new chamber several high intensity beams(such as 2.4mA ofO6 ,600eμA of Ar9 ,etc.) have been produced. In addition, we have started the developent of high intensity uranium beams. For example, 200eμA of U33 and U34 have been produced so far. In respect to high charge state ions,leμA of Ar18 ,133eμA of Ar16 ,and 4.9eμA of U47 have been measured. In addition,ion beam profile meaurements are presented with ,and without the sextupole magnetic field energized. These expeerimental results are being compared with simulations using the WARP code.     

高电荷态离子束的应用(摘要)

The ECR ion sources have mainly been used until now for injection of cyclotrons and a large number of these sources are presently in operation through the world.Most cyclotrons are used today for nuclear physics researches but an increasing number of these accelerators are now devoted to medical applications.The ECR ion sources have also been extensively used for producing low energy beams for academic researches in atomic and surface physics.These studies led to very encouraging results opening the way to industrial applications. In this talk some of the most promising applications of HCI beams will be reviewed.The development of these applications will require some important improvements of the ECR sources which will be discussed.A special emphasis will be given to the respective roles of ECR and EBIS ion sources in these industrial applications, and some economic and market considerations discussed.     

Charge state distribution analysis of Al and Pb ions from thelaser ion source at IMP

A prototype laser ion source that could demonstrate the possibility of producing intense pulsed high charge state ion beams has been established with a commercial Nd:YAG laser (E_max=3 J,1064 nm,8-10 ns) to produce laser plasma for the research of Laser Ion Source (LIS). At the laser ion source test bench,high purity (99.998%) aluminum and lead targets have been tested for laser plasma experiment. An Electrostatic Ion Analyzer (EIA) and Electron Multiply Tube (EMT) detector were used to analyze the charge state and energy distribution of the ions produced by the laser ion source. The maximum charge states of Al¹²⁺ and Pb⁷⁺ were achieved. The results will be presented and discussed in this paper.     

NIRS的ECR离子源现状

Four ECR ion sources have been operated in National Institute of Radiological Sciences(NIRS). Two ECR ion sources supply various ion species for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba(HIMAC). The 10GHz NIRS-ECR ion source mainly produces C~(2 ) ions for the heavy-ion therapy.Ions of Si,Ar,Fe,Kr and Xe are usually produced by the 18GHz NIRS-HEC ion source for physical and biological experiments.The other two compact ECR ion sources with all permanent magnet configuration have been developed for the new generation carbon therapy facility.One of these,the Kei-source,is a prototype which has been installed to the NIRS-930 cyclotron for axial injection.The other source,Kei2-source,is a demonstration source and utilized for the new generation Linac.In addition,both Kei sources have been used to study fundamental properties. In this paper,present status of the ion sources and recent developments are reported.     

Charge state distribution analysis of AI and Pb ions from the laser ion source at IMP

A prototype laser ion source that could demonstrate the possibility of producing intense pulsed high charge state ion beams has been established with a commercial Nd：YAG laser （E =3 J, 1064 rim, ~ 10 ns） to produce laser plasma for the research of Laser Ion Source （LIS）. At the laser ion source test bench, high purity （99.998%） aluminum and lead targets have been tested for laser plasma experiment. An Electrostatic Ion Analyzer （EIA） and Electron Multiply Tube （EMT） detector were used to analyze the charge state and energy distribution of the ions produced by the laser ion source. The maximum charge states of A112＋ and Pb7＋ were achieved. The results will be presented and discussed in this paper.     

Production of Silicon and Chlorine Ion Beams

We did some preliminary tests on LECR3 to produce Silicon and Chlorine ion beams in October 2003. Some good results have been achieved. Some useful conclusions have been drawn from those experiments. And afterwards, we also provided the HIRFL accelerator with the ^35Cl^12 ion beam for the nuclear physics experiments.     

RFQ Cooler and Buncher

The study of nuclides far from the valley of stability in recent years, with various spectroscopic methods, sets new demands for the handling of the ion beams. A relative old technique that was first proved to be feasible by Paul and his coworkers has been revived by using electromagnetic fields to prevent the low energy ions from losing in the gas. In the past few years, emittance improvement of low-energy radioactive ion beams has gained a lot of interest and several devices for an emittance improver and buncher have been constructed.     

SECRAL在18GHz频率下产生强流高电荷态离子束的初步结果

A Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) was successfully built to produce intense beams of highly charged ions for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL).The ion source has been optimized to be operated at 28GHz for its maximum performance.The superconducting magnet confinement configuration of the ion source consists of three axial solenoid coils and six sextupole coils with a cold iron structure as field booster and clamping.For 28GHz operation,the magnet assembly can produce peak mirror fields on axis 3.6T at injection,2.2T at extraction and a radial sextupole field of 2.0T at plasma chamber wall.A unique feature of SECRAL is that the three axial solenoid coils are located inside of the sextupole bore in order to reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole coils and the solenoid coils. During the ongoing commissioning phase at 18GHz with a stainless steel chamber,tests with various gases and some metals have been conducted with microwave power less than 3.2kW and it turned out the performance is very promising.Some record ion beam intensities have been produced,for instance,810eμA of O~(7 ),505eμA of Xe~(20 ),306eμA of Xe~(27 ),21eμA of Xe~(34 ),2.4eμA of Xe~(38 ) and so on.To reach better results for highly charged ion beams,further modifications such as an aluminium chamber with better cooling,higher microwave power and a movable extraction system will be done,and also emittance measurements are being prepared.     

Estimating topological charge of propagating vortex from single-shot non-imaged speckle

Encoding information using the topological charge of vortex beams has been proposed for optical communications. The conservation of the topological charge on propagation and the detection of the topological charge by a receiver are significant in these applications and have been well established in free-space. However, when vortex beams enter a diffuser,the wavefront is distorted, leading to a challenge in the conservation and detection of the topological charge. Here, we present a technique to measure the value of the topological charge of a vortex beam obscured in the randomly scattered light. The results of the numerical simulations and experiments are presented and are in good agreement. In particular, only a single-shot measurement is required to detect the topological charge of vortex beams, indicating that the method is applicable to a dynamic diffuser.     

高电荷态金属离子的产生实验研究

 为满足兰州重离子加速器的实验要求，在14.5GHz高电荷态ECR离子源上做了一系列产生金属离子的实验，尝试了多种方法，包括炉子加热及MIVOC（Metallic Ion form Volatile Compounds）两种方法，其中，用炉子做的结果较理想。实验主要研究了铜、锌、镍多种电荷态离子的产生，具有代表性的是39euA的¹³⁺，30euA的Zn¹³⁺和29euA的Ni¹⁰⁺。分别给出了这三种金属离子产生的多电荷态束流峰谱图，以及实验的一些其它现象及结果，并对其进行了讨论与总结。     

含氢电极脉冲放电等离子体特性诊断

利用飞行时间质谱法诊断了含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体成分、离子电荷状态及离子扩散速度等特性.实验结果表明,含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体的离子成分主要由H+,Ti+,Ti2+和Ti3+组成,其中Ti2+占主要部分.当放电电流为40～80 A时,Ti离子的平均电荷数在1.95～2.13之间,随着放电电流的增...     

喷气式Z箍缩等离子体装置中离子束能谱的测量

利用新研制的紧凑型汤姆生离子能谱仪（ＴｈｏｍｓｏｎＩｏｎＥｎｅｒｇｙＡｎａｌｙｚｅｒ），对喷气式Ｚ－箍缩等离子体装置中离子能谱进行了测量，在ＣＲ－３９上得到了清晰的Ａｒ＋，Ａｒ２＋，Ａｒ３＋离子抛物线轨迹，通过分析计算结果表明：离子的最大能量在１ＭｅＶ左右，离子能谱分布曲线都随其能量增加而单调下降。     

氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物对Cu~(2+)的比色识别

为得到简便地识别Cu~(2+)的传感器,设计合成了氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物。采用紫外吸收光谱法研究了化合物对Cu~(2+)的配合作用及对As~(3+)、Mo~(6+)、Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Pb~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Hg~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Pt~(4+)、Mg~(2+)、Be~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Cs+、Os4+、Cd~(2+)、Se~(4+)、Cr~(6+)、Co~(2+)、Rb+、Ba~(2+)、V6+、Ca~(2+)等23种金属离子的干扰作用。采用等摩尔的连续变化法(Job-plot),研究了化合物与Cu~(2+)形成配合物的配比。用红外光谱法研究了配合机理。同时研究了在EDTA存在时,化合物对Cu~(2+)的"off-on"性质。结果表明,合成的化合物具有大共轭体系,结构新颖且稳定。化合物可以克服23种金属离子的干扰,对Cu~(2+)的选择性很高。化合物与Cu~(2+)形成1∶1型强发光配合物,可以达到比色(裸眼)识别。在1.32~13.0μmol·L~(-1)范围内,化合物紫外光谱吸光度值与Cu~(2+)浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围宽,最低检出限为2.6×10-7mol·L~(-1)。在EDTA存在时,该配合物释放出Cu~(2+),表现出对Cu~(2+)的"off-on"模式,红外光谱法研究明确了化合物与Cu~(2+)的结合位点。研究结果表明,所合成的氧化偶氮苯双席夫碱化合物可以对Cu~(2+)实现简便易行的比色(裸眼)识别。     

HIRFL辐照终端照射野均匀度与离子通量的关系

采用固体核径迹探测器聚碳酸脂膜,测定了兰州重离子研究装置提供的55MeV/u40Ar和80MeV/u20Ne离子束经辐照终端束流均匀化扫描装置后照射野均匀度与离子通量之间的关系.结果表明:对于40Ar和20Ne离子束,离子通量小于1×106和2×107ions/cm2时,横向照射野均匀度缓Ne离子束照射慢增加;当离子通量分别介于1×106—1×107和2×107—1×108ions/cm2时,40Ar和20野均匀度逐渐增加;离子通量达到1×107和1×108ions/cm2时,40Ar和20Ne离子束照射野均匀度分别约为58%和61%.从而说明,辐照终端束流扫描装置对束流的均匀化程度目前并不能满足辐照生物效应、辐射育种和重离子治癌等研究工作的需要,须对其性能做进一步的提高. Using 55 MeV/u 40Ar and 80 MeV/u20Ne ion beams delivered by the Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL), the relationships between the irradiation homogeneities in irradiation fields generated by the beam scanning device located at the irradiation terminal of the HIRFL and ion fluence were measured respectively with 100 μm polycarbonate films by means of nuclear track detection. The results show that the homogeneity increases when the ion fluence are lower than ........     

用于聚焦离子束系统的离子源

介绍了现阶段两种用于聚焦离子束系统的离子源——液态金属离子源和气体场发射离子源的基本原理, 并对比了它们的优缺点。由于目前这两种离子源都难以满足纳米加工领域不断提高的技术要求, 因此提出了一种用于聚焦离子束的新型离子源——电子束离子源, 并介绍了电子束离子源的基本原理, 给出了设计参数、 模拟结果（20 kV的Ar+离子束, 发射度约为5.8×10-5·mm·mrad, 束斑约为1 μm）和初步的实验结果。 There are two kinds of ion sources, Liquid Metal Ion Source and Gas Field Ion Source, used to provide ion beams for the Focus Ion Beam system. The working mechanism of the two kinds of sources is presented and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. With the rapid development in the nano technology, the requirements are hardly met with these two kinds of ion sources. Therefore, a new kind of ion source, electron beam ion source, is developed for the Focus Ion Beam system. The basic principle of the electron beam ion source is introduced and the design parameters, the result of the simulation (20 kV Ar+, extracted emittance is 5.8×10-5π·mm·mrad, raduis of the ion beam about 1 μm.) and the primary experimental results are presented     

氧回旋离子束刻蚀化学气相沉积金刚石膜

利用非对称磁镜场电子回旋共振等离子体产生的氧回旋离子束刻蚀了化学气相沉积金刚石膜,研究了工作气压和磁电加热电压对金刚石样品附近的离子温度和密度的影响,并分析了金刚石膜的刻蚀和机械抛光效果。结果表明:当工作气压为0.03 Pa,磁电加热电压为200 V时,离子温度和密度最大,分别为7.38 eV和 23.81010 cm-3 。在此优化条件下刻蚀金刚石膜4 h后,其表面粗糙度由刻蚀前的3.525 m降为2.512 m,机械抛光15 min后,表面粗糙度降低为0.517 m,即金刚石膜经离子束刻蚀后可显著提高机械抛光效率。     

Generation and Measurements of Ion Species from Vacuum Arcs

We have measured the ion flux for different electrode materials in a vacuum arc. The vacuum arc has a point-plane geometry. The ion species in the generated plasma are identified using a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer. Ion species that have been generated to date include D+, Mg+, Mg++, Al+, Al++, Al+++, Ti+, Ti++, Ni+, Ni++, Cu+, Cu++, Zn+, Zn++, and In+. We found that in all cases, the ion flux measured is directly proportional to the interelectrode gap spacing and to the arc current. Typical current densities measured were ~300 mA · cm-2 at a distance of 10 cm from the gap for 150-?s pulse. The study will be used for the development of a multiple-arc array source for application to intense ion beam generation.