有机体系中电合成纳米PbTiO3粉体及表征

The precursor PbTi(OCH₂CH₃)_6-y(acac)_y for the mixed oxide PbTiO₃was synthesized by electrochemical dissolution of Lead and Titanium with a 1∶2 electricity quality in ethanol and acetyl-acetone solution. Nano-sized PbTiO₃powder was prepared by drying and calcining the xerogel from a direct sol-gel hydrolyzation of the precursor solution under pH of 8.5. The FTIR, TG-DTA, XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the structure of the precursor and nano-sized PbTiO₃. The results showed that the optimized conditions for the preparation of nano-sized PbTiO₃ were the electrolysis of the Lead plate and Titanium plate at 50 ℃ and 40 ℃ respectively under 0.03mol·dm^-3Bu₄NBr solution. The nano-sized PbTiO₃prepared by electrolysis exhibited a dispersive structure with an average diameter of 10 to 15 nm.     

Effect of pretreatment methods on the performance of Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalyst for CO selective oxidation

The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts prepared using the coprecipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance for CO selective oxidation. The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts pretreated with different methods were studied by CO-TPR and XPS techniques. The results showed that the Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalyst pretreated with oxygen exhibited the best catalytic performance and had the widest operating temperature window, with CO conversion above 99% from 160 to 200 ℃. The O2 pretreatment caused an enrichment of the oxygen storaged on the Cu active species and promoted the conversion of adsorbed oxygen into surface lattice oxygen. It also improved the amount of Cu＋/Cu^2＋ ionic pair, and then facilitated the formation of CuO active species on the catalyst for selective CO oxidation.     

纳米PbSnO3的制备及其燃烧催化性能的研究

Nanocomposite PbSnO₃was synthesized by coprecipitation method , and its phase evolution process was investigated. The particle size, crystal form, and phase of samples were determined with XRD, TEM and EDS. The catalytic actiyity of sample on the thermal decomposition of RDX was investigated by DSC. The results show that nanocomposite PbSnO₃with the diameter of 9 nm can be obtained by calcining at 600 ℃ for 2 h, which crystal is cubic (pyrochlore type). The catalytic actiyity of nanocomposite PbSnO₃on the thermal decomposition of RDX is much higher than that of normal PbSnO₃. The nanocomposite PbSnO₃can decrease the peak temperature of thermal decomposition of RDX from 240.1 ℃ to 236.5 ℃, and the decomposition enthalpy ΔH of RDX increases 722 J·g^-1 （about 70%）.     

N2O活化的Fe/ZSM-5表面活性氧的表征(英)

Temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) was employed to quantitatively characterize the active oxygen species generated from a high Fe-loading Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst exposed to N₂O at 250 ℃. [Fe-O-Fe]²⁺ dimer was determined as the active iron complex for N₂O decomposition to produce the active oxygen. Reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ by H₂ in the dimer and removal of OH^- groups from Fe²⁺ dimer by heating Fe/ZSM-5 to 700 ℃ were the prerequisites for the formation of this active Fe complex. A linear correlation with a slope of 1.0 between the amount of [Fe-O-Fe]²⁺ and that of active oxygen species was observed. Maximum amount of active oxygen species can be generated by reducing Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst with H₂ at the temperatures over 500 ℃ and then heating the resulting product in Ar to 700 ℃, followed by N₂O exposure at 250 ℃. The ratio of the total number of oxygen atoms (Ode) deposited by interaction of [Fe-O-Fe]²⁺ with N₂O to the amount of [Fe-O-Fe]²⁺ was 2. However, not all the deposited oxygen atoms were active oxygen (O_a); the ratio of O_a and O_de was 0.5. The iron dimer complex composing active oxygen is a five-atom ion [Fe₂O₃]²⁺; the most probable structure is as follows:     

正庚烷在超稳Y沸石(USY)负载超强酸催化剂上加氢异构化

The Pt-bearing SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ superacid catalysts supported on ultra stable Y (USY) zeolite were prepared by impregnation and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and Hammett indicators. Their catalytic activities were evaluated in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with an atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts possessed a high surface area, superacidity and well maintained pore structure of USY support. The supported catalysts with a suitable SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ loading exhibited a higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the unsupported SO₄^2-/ZrO₂ catalyst or the Pt supported on USY catalyst without superacid. At the reaction temperature of 220 ℃, over the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.8wt% and ZrO₂ loading of 10wt%, the conversion of n-heptane could be as high as 35.2% with a selectivity of 87.9% for isomerization products.     

SrTi1-xMgxO3-δ钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的研究

The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ perovskite-type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Temperature-programmed desorption (O₂-TPD) methods. It has been shown that doping Mg²⁺ cations to the B site of SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ perovskite-type catalysts results in the formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattices of oxide cata-lysts. With increasing the amount of Mg²⁺ doped in the B site of SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ, methane conversion and C₂ selectivity first increase and then decrease remarkably. The SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ catalyst with x=0.1 has the highest methane conversion and C₂ yield. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies produced by Mg²⁺ cations doping are the sites responsible for oxygen activation, and the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ catalysts are the main active species for OCM reaction. However, the over high content of the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface results in the complete oxidation of methane. Introducing water steam into feedstock can improve the catalytic properties of SrTi_1-xMg_xO_3-δ perovskite-type catalysts for OCM reaction at lower temperature. The SrTi_0.9Mg_0.1O_3-δ catalyst has the methane conversion of 28.0 % with C₂ hydrocarbons selectivity of 36.8 % under reaction temperature of 550 ℃.     

(La0.8A0.2)MnO3 (A = Sr,K) perovskite catalysts for NO and C10H22 oxidation and selective reduction of NO by C10H22

In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ and (La_0.8A_0.2)MnO₃ (A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C₁₀H₂₂ and selective reduction of NO by C₁₀H₂₂. The catalytic performances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C₁₀H₂₂ oxidation compared with the non-substituted LaMnO₃ sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption: (1) a domain corresponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 ℃ and (2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 ℃. For the Sr-substituted perovskite, the maximum NO₂ yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 ℃). In the reactant mixture of NO/C₁₀H₂₂/O₂/H₂O/He, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst： NO₂ yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 ℃, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr²⁺ cation and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox couple. Thus, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.     

Surfactant-aided hydrothermal preparation of La（2-x）SrxCuO4 single crystallites and their catalytic performance on methane combustion

Perovskite-like oxide La2-xSrxCuO4 (x = 0, 1) single crystallites with microrod-like morphologies and tetragonal crystal structures were prepared hydrothermally at 240°C with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and after calcination at 850°C. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM, TEM/SAED (selected-area electron diffraction), XPS and H2-TPR techniques. It is found that doping Sr2+ to La2CuO4 lattice enhanced the catalytic activity for methane combustion and the LaSrCuO4 catalyst derived from PEG is the best among the tested ones. It is concluded that factors, such as adsorbed oxygen species concentration, reducibility and surface area, determined the catalytic performance of such single-crystalline materials.     

Fe/La2O3纳米催化剂制备碳纳米管

Nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ was synthesised by the citrate method with La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O,Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and citric acid as the raw materials. Before and after reduction, its structure was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). And after reduction of LaFeO₃ oxide, the rare earth oxide, La₂O₃, prevents Fe particles from agglomerating and promotes the dispersion of nano-scale Fe particles (ca.40nm), which is one of the key factors for the growth of carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotubes from the catalytic de-composition of C₂H₂ were obtained using Fe/La₂O₃ nano-scale catalyst, which was formed from LaFeO₃ oxide as the catalyst precursor. The morphological structures of the carbon nanotube obtained have been examined by TEM. The results indicate that they are multi-walled nanotubes of good quality with inter diameter ranging from 20～25nm and length ranging from 25～40μm. The yields of carbon nanotube are 1.25g·gcat^-1 at the reaction temperature of 973K for 30min.     

Sm修饰的Ni-MgO催化剂制备碳纳米管的研究

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized over Ni-MgO and Ni-Sm-MgO catalysts by decomposition of CH₄ at 650 ℃. The addition of Sm into Ni-MgO catalyst not only promotes the catalytic activity and lifetime of the catalyst, but also improves the graphitization and heat stability of carbon nanotubes. The yield of CNTs obtained over the Ni-10Sm-MgO catalyst reaches 33 g C·(g Ni)^-1, being more than 5 times higher than that of the Ni-MgO catalyst. XRD and TPR results of the catalysts indicate that there is a remarkable interaction of Ni with Sm species, which facilitates the reduction of nickel and restrains the Ni particles from agglomerating.     

氧化钛烧结体的氧含量测定

用电子探针X射线微分析(EPMA)方法测定了一系列氧化钛烧结体中的氧含量,并用X射线衍射(XRD)分析对其相态作了研究,所得的结果指出根据产品的氧含量与其某些物理特性之间的内在联系,即可从其表现的某些物理性质估计某一烧结产品的氧化物含量,而所得结果对下一步的镀膜工作具有指导意义.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氧化铝中微量氧化铬

氧化铝是陶瓷制品中的重要原料 ,其中氧化铬对陶瓷的电性和美观都有较大的影响 ,测定其含量很有必要。由于材料中氧化铝占 98%以上 ,而铬的含量小于 0 .1 % ,处理成溶液后 ,铝离子与铬离子浓度比超过 1× 1 0 3倍以上 ,且分离较困难 ,为了较好地消除铝对试验结果的影响 ,采用标准曲线中加入铝离子作为基体。由于大量铝离子的存在 ,对铬的吸光度影响较大 ,又因铬含量较低 ,用作标准曲线的标准溶液浓度不宜太高 ,否则测量误差很大。据文献[1 ]介绍 ,加高氯酸铵或低碳链脂肪酸能增感铬的吸收信号。通过试验 ,当溶液中大量铝存在时 ,直接加入这…     

环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚醚的研究进展

综述了环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚醚的聚合机理聚合工艺及其应用.环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚醚的聚合按其催化剂体系的机理可以分为阴离子聚合、阳离子聚合和配位聚合三类,其中阳离子聚合应用较少.在环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合生成共聚醚的反应中,不同的反应工艺条件对生成的聚醚有着很大的影响.同样比例的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷,因聚合反应器设计、反应器种类、起使剂种类催化剂种类与用量温度加料方式端基结构等的不同,所合成的共聚醚会产生不同的结构和性能.环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚形成的聚醚可以分为嵌段共聚醚和无规共聚醚两类.其中,嵌段共聚醚可以分为EPE和PEP两类.     

氧化石墨烯水热还原前后的发光光谱

分别采用改进Hummers方法和水热还原法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)。 GO和RGO经透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(IR)、荧光发射和激发光谱(PL、PLE)等技术手段进行了表征。 荧光发射光谱显示,氧化石墨烯(GO)在可见光的激发下可以得到波长在600~800 nm范围内的宽谱近红外荧光。 通过比较氧化石墨烯水热还原前后的光谱变化,发现氧化石墨烯近红外荧光起源于氧化石墨烯的表面含氧基团,如C=O、COOH。 近红外荧光穿透性好、对生物组织损坏小,非常适合于生物成像,预示着氧化石墨烯在生物成像方面的应用潜力。     

环氧乙烷环氧丙烷开环聚合反应动力学研究*

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷由于具有较高的环张力,因而容易发生开环聚合。本文综述了环氧乙烷合环氧丙烷开环聚合反应的动力学研究进展,考察了环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合反应的机理,分别讨论了各类催化剂体系中环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合的动力学常数、两者的竞聚率及开环聚合产物的分子量分布,并指出了开环聚合反应动力学研究对于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的开环聚合研究及工业应用的重要性。     

Nitrogen Oxide Fluorides

Oxyfluorides of nitrogen, i.e. compounds containing the grouping F? N? O, have been known for many years in the form of simple compounds, such as NOF and NO₂F. Detailed studies of physical, structural, and chemical aspects of this class of compounds have been conducted only in recent years, after the potential of N? F compounds as rocket propellants had been recognized. Several novel types of oxyfluorides of nitrogen, such as difluorohydroxyl amines, RO? NF₂, or trifluoroamine oxide, F₃NO, have been discovered recently. A further major development in O? N? F chemistry is indicated by the discovery that compounds of great chemical potential are formed between HF and NOF or NO₂F, respectively. The compound O₂NOF, although not an oxyfluoride of nitrogen, will also be discussed in this review, because of its particular chemical relationship to NO₂F.     

ZnO及其含锌混合氧化物薄膜的充放电性能研究

从充放电性能、晶体结构等方面考察了包括粉末状的ZnO、脉冲激光沉积方法制备的ZnO薄膜和含锌混合氧化物薄膜的电化学性质.结果表明,ZnO粉末制备的电极的嵌入容量随退火温度的升高而增大,掺入其他氧化物可以明显改善ZnO薄膜的电化学性能,在Ar气氛中,基片温度为400℃时,沉积的靶子成分为Zn:B:P:Al=1:1:0.5:0.5(摩尔比)的含锌混合氧化物薄膜具有较高的可逆容量,且循环性能良好.