聚乙二醇/四氢呋喃三臂嵌段共聚醚的合成研究

以三臂聚乙二醇、四氢呋喃为主要原料,在三氟化硼乙醚的催化作用下进行阳离子开环聚合反应,合成了聚乙二醇-四氢呋喃三臂嵌段共聚醚.通过正交试验考察了反应时间、配料比、催化剂用量和助开环剂用量等因素对所合成的嵌段共聚醚羟值的影响,得到了合成较大相对分子质量三臂嵌段共聚醚的较佳合成条件,并采用红外光谱法、凝胶渗透色谱法、核磁共振测试对所合成的共聚醚进行了表征.     

环醚聚合化学与进展

本文综述了三元、四元及五元环醚单体的开环聚合机理(包括正、负离子及配位聚合)以及聚醚与共聚醚的制备与应用。     

甲基丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯的原子转移自由基嵌段共聚

活性聚合以其无链转移、无链终止和引发速度远大于增长速率的特点,应用于合成单分散聚合物、预定序列结构的嵌段共聚物等．常用的活性聚合方法如阴离子聚合、阳离子聚合及基团转移聚合对反应条件要求苛刻,不能用于丙烯酸酯类极性单体和苯乙烯类非极性单体的嵌段共聚．与...     

ε-己内酯与D,L-丙交酯ABA型嵌段共聚物合成及作为药物载体的初步评价

“活性”中间体PCL-PLA-OAl<用环氧乙烷扩链生成含聚醚羟端基的预聚物,它与Teyssie催化剂反应后取代其中的异丙氧基生成“活性”的预聚物催化体系,进而引发CL 聚合生成PCL-PLA-PCL ABA型嵌段共聚物,它的机械性能优于AB型共聚物,断裂伸长增大约一倍,具有微观相分离结构和可控制的生物降解性能及药物释放性能。本文亦提供了内酯与交酯嵌段共聚的新途径。     

杂多酯引发四氢呋喃开环聚合反应Ⅶ.以氧杂环丁烷为促进剂

在以低浓度杂多酸(ＨＰＡ)催化四氢呋喃(ＴＨＦ)聚合反应中,我们曾采用环氧乙烷(ＥＯ)、环氧丙烷(ＰＯ)和环氧氯丙烷(ＥＣＨ)等三元环醚为促进剂,发现它们对聚合反应都具有很好的促进效果[1～3].本文进一步研究了具有四元环醚结构的氧杂环丁烷(ＯＸ)对ＴＨＦ聚合的促进效果.ＯＸ用作促进剂有以下优点,由ＯＸ促进ＴＨＦ聚合所得聚醚的端羟基为伯羟基,作为生产嵌段聚醚氨酯或嵌段聚酯弹性体的原料具有与四氢呋喃均聚醚相似的高反应活性;与ＥＯ相比,后者虽然促进ＴＨＦ聚合所得聚醚的端羟基也为伯羟基,但其沸点过低,不利于操作和贮存.1　原料及…     

开环共聚法合成热可逆共价交联聚醚橡胶

以烷基铝为催化剂,双环戊二烯二甲酸双缩水甘油酯为交联单体,与环氧氯丙烷、环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷进行离子型开环共聚,制得了热可逆共价交联的聚醚橡胶．研究了聚合方法、聚合配方和工艺条件对单体转化率、共聚物组成的影响．通过 Ｉ Ｒ 和 Ｄ Ｓ Ｃ 测定及反应溶解性和高温成型实验,证明了共聚物的结构及共价交联的热可逆转化特性．     

四氢呋喃/环氧乙烷共聚醚与N-100固化反应机理(Ⅰ)──NMR研究催化活性与反应物的相互作用

采用高分辨核磁共振方法研究聚醚聚氨酯脲反应体系中四氢呋喃/环氧乙烷共聚醚和固化剂N－100及催化剂之间的相互作用.结果表明共聚醚的羟基和N－100的异氰酸酯基因之间存在相互作用,能够形成一种相对稳定的络合物.催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)能与共聚醚的羟基氧络合,从而使羟基氢活化;催化剂三苯基铋(TPB)及其乙氧基取代的衍生物与共聚醚羟基氢之间存在弱氢键作用.其强度随TPB乙氧基衍生物的碱性增强而增大.当DBTDL和TPB同时存在于反应体系中时,羟基上的氧和氢均被活化,表现为协同作用.     

用硅烯醚型引发剂进行的基团转移聚合

本文报道了一类硅烯醚型的基团转移聚合引发剂。并以负离子和HgI_2等为催化剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的基团转移聚合。得到了实测分子量和理论分子量相近且分散性较小的浆合物。进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的活性聚合以及其与丙烯酸酯的A-B-A型三嵌段共聚,证实具有活性高分子的特征。探讨了该类引发剂引发基团转移聚合的机理,研究了催化剂和引发剂的配合选择性以及催化剂和引发剂的摩尔比对产物分子量和转化率的影响,发现该类引发剂引发的基团转移聚合是一恒速聚合反应。     

有机小分子催化环醚与环状酸酐共聚研究进展

有机小分子催化聚合反应是合成化学领域新的研究方向。有机催化环醚(主要为环氧化物)与环状酸酐共聚制备聚酯的合成路线,由于单体具有来源广泛、有机催化剂低毒、对水和空气不敏感等特点,因而应用前景广阔。本文按有机小分子催化剂、环醚与环状酸酐的种类综述了近年来出现的有机催化共聚合成聚酯的反应,并详细讨论了该共聚反应及其机理,尤其是高催化活性和聚合可控性的Lewis酸碱对催化共聚的机理;提出了利用Lewis酸为增长链阴离子提供结构因素(如基团和电子结构效应)来调控聚合的方法。今后,催化环氧化物与环状酸酐共聚研究的中心任务仍然是发展新的高活性有机催化剂,并实现"活性"的全交替共聚反应,进一步提高共聚物的分子量,并实现共聚反应的化学选择性、区域和立体选择性的精确控制。     

~1H-NMR测定聚醚多元醇分子量——共聚醚和混聚醚分子量测定

本文研究了用~1H-NMR测定共聚醚和混聚醚数均分子量的方法.根据测得的与酯氢峰面积对聚合段相应峰面积积分比率计算分子量,测得数据与端基化学法测量分子量对照,所获结果令人满意.     

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合*

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的开环聚合产物在表面活性剂工业和聚氨酯工业得到了极为广泛的应用.本文综述了近几年来发展的用于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合的各类催化剂体系,分别讨论了各类催化剂体系对环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的不同作用机制,考察了反应物结构对反应活性和选择性的影响,重点介绍了配位络合催化剂体系在环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合反应中的应用,并指出了今后研究的方向.     

环氧乙烷环氧丙烷开环聚合反应动力学研究*

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷由于具有较高的环张力,因而容易发生开环聚合。本文综述了环氧乙烷合环氧丙烷开环聚合反应的动力学研究进展,考察了环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合反应的机理,分别讨论了各类催化剂体系中环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷开环聚合的动力学常数、两者的竞聚率及开环聚合产物的分子量分布,并指出了开环聚合反应动力学研究对于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的开环聚合研究及工业应用的重要性。     

Synthesis of a novel block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) by combination of anionic ring‐opening and controllable free‐radical polymerization

The block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) was synthesized by a combination of living anionic ring‐opening polymerization and a controllable radical mechanism. The poly(ethylene oxide) prepolymer with the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy end group (PEO_T) was first obtained by anionic ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene oxide with sodium 4‐oxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy as the initiator in a homogeneous process. In the polymerization UV and electron spin resonance spectroscopy determined the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy moiety was left intact. The copolymers were then obtained by radical polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in the presence of PEO_T. The polymerization showed a controllable radical mechanism. The desired block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and NMR spectroscopy in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4404–4409, 2002     

环氧乙烷均聚反应机理的理论研究

借助量子化学理论计算方法对环氧乙烷均聚反应历程进行了理论探讨．采用DFT中的B3LYP方法在6-311G^**基组下对环氧乙烷基态和激发态以及亲核试剂和亲电试剂进攻环氧乙烷反应产物进行几何构型全优化,确定了各物种的电子结构、电荷分布和键长等参数．运用前线轨道理论从微观电子结构层次上对环氧乙烷的各种均聚反应机理进行了分析,探讨了阳离子均聚和阴离子均聚机理的合理性．由于受到前线轨道对称性和能级差的限制,环氧乙烷的基态分子不能发生均聚,同样也不能发生自由基均聚;而当环氧乙烷基态分子被亲电试剂或亲核试剂进攻时,可以进一步生成新的亲电或亲核试剂从而引发环氧乙烷均聚．计算结果很好地阐明了实验事实．     

Selective polymerization of propylene oxide by a tin phosphate coordination polymer

Oligomeric and polymeric polyether polyols, especially poly(propylene oxide), are used for the production of detergents, nonionic surfactants, washing agents, and cleaners, but they are predominantly used in polyurethane production processes. Tin phosphate coordination polymers show good activity in the selective polymerization of epoxides. The catalyst can be easily synthesized by the condensation of tributyl phosphate and butyl tin trichloride. Investigations of this achiral organotin phosphate condensate in the stereoregular polymerization of propylene oxide, including the properties controlling the molecular weight of the resulting poly(propylene oxide) and structural and mechanistic studies, are presented. Additionally, the polymerization of propylene oxide occurs with high activity, no allyl end groups, just a small number of irregularities, and a high percentage of isotacticity (88%) in the polymer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3032–3041, 2007     

New Perspectives in Living/Controlled Anionic Polymerization

Summary: Control of the reactivity and selectivity of active species remains a major challenge in the course of living/controlled polymerizations of vinyl and heterocyclic monomers. We have found that alkyl metal derivatives such as dialkylmagnesium or trialkylaluminum derivatives or the corresponding alkoxyakyl metal derivatives, when added to conventional anionic polymerization systems, are very effective mediators for the controlled anionic polymerization of both styrenic and oxirane monomers. When used as additives to alkali metal alkyl initiators (alkyl lithium, alkyl sodium) for the styrene anionic polymerizations, they strongly retard the reactivity of the propagating species and allow controlling the polymerization in very unusual conditions (bulk, very high temperature). On the contrary, when used in combination to the same alkali metal based initiators for the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, these additives can drastically enhance the reactivity and the selectivity of the propagating species allowing a fast living-like polymerization to proceed already at low temperature in hydrocarbon media.     

Preparation and characterization of star ABC triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide,styrene and methyl methacrylate

A universally significant method,which combines the anionic polymerization with photoinduced charge transfer polymerization,for preparation of soluble star ABC triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide,styrene and methyl methacrylate,was described.The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block was formed by initiation of phenoxy an-ions using p-aminophenol protected by Schiff's base as the parent compound Then the charge transfer system composed of PEO chains with deprotected-amino end groups and benzophenone initiated the polymerization of styrene and methyl metnacrylate sequentially under UV irradiation.The formed star triblock copolymer of styrene,ethylene oxide and methyl methacrylate could be purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by IR,1H NMR,GPC (gel permeation chromatogrphy) and PGC (pyrolysis gas chromatography).     

机理转移法合成聚丁二烯-b-聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)两亲性嵌段共聚物

将活性负离子聚合与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术相结合,运用机理转移法制备了一种两亲性材料聚丁二烯-b-聚(甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)(PB-b-PDMAEMA)嵌段共聚物.首先通过负离子聚合方法设计合成聚丁二烯,用环氧丙烷封端,2-溴异丁酰溴作酯化剂,合成具有活性端基溴的聚丁二烯大分子引发剂(PB-B r),再用其引发亲水性单体DMAEMA进行原子转移自由基聚合,聚合动力学证实了该聚合反应具有典型的活性/可控自由基聚合的特征.通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究嵌段共聚物的微相分离行为.制备的大分子引发剂及两亲性嵌段共聚物经凝胶色谱、红外和核磁表征证实了预定的结构.     

Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization for high performance polymers

 A variety of nonionic reactive surfactants have been prepared from block copolymer precursors. These precursors are formed from a commercially available polyoxyethylene glycol monomethylether as the hydrophilic sequence of the surfactant; this product is used as initiator of ring opening anionic polymerization of butylene oxide. Finally the reactive surfactants are obtained after proper functionalization of the precursor. The reactive surfactants are an inisurf with an asymmetric azo compound, a transurf with a thiol group, and a few surfmers with acrylic, methacrylic, styrenic and α-methyl styrenic reactive groups. These compounds have been engaged in styrene emulsion or dispersion polymerization. Several of them have been found to be useful for preparing stable latices. Received: 22 July 1997 Accepted: 11 December 1997     

Synthesis of a ‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymer by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and living anionic polymerization

The functionalization of monomer units in the form of macroinitiators in an orthogonal fashion yields more predictable macromolecular architectures and complex polymers. Therefore, a new ‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymer, (PMMA)₂–PEO–(PS)₂–PEO–(PMMA)₂ [where PMMA is poly(methyl methacrylate), PEO is poly (ethylene oxide), and PS is polystyrene], has been designed and successfully synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and living anionic polymerization. The synthesis of meso‐2,3‐dibromosuccinic acid acetate/diethylene glycol was used to initiate the polymerization of styrene via ATRP to yield linear (HO)₂–PS₂ with two active hydroxyl groups by living anionic polymerization via diphenylmethylpotassium to initiate the polymerization of ethylene oxide. Afterwards, the synthesized miktoarm‐4 amphiphilic block copolymer, (HO–PEO)₂–PS₂, was esterified with 2,2‐dichloroacetyl chloride to form a macroinitiator that initiated the polymerization of methyl methacrylate via ATRP to prepare the ‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymer. The polymers were characterized with gel permeation chromatography and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 147–156, 2007