硫化CoMo催化剂上H2同时还原NO和SO2的研究Ⅰ.H2还原NO反应

 研究了Al2O3担载的硫化CoMo催化剂上NO被H2还原的规律，并考察了不同Mo含量的CoMo／Al2O3催化剂、单一的Mo／Al2O3和Co／Al2O3催化剂，以及原料气中H2／NO比对反应活性和选择性的影响．结果表明，硫化的5．1％Co－15．2％Mo／Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性和选择性，在200℃以下时反应产物为N2O，在350℃以上时则完全转化为N2．进一步增加Mo含量引起在350～450℃间N2选择性轻微下降．提高原料气中的H2含量可明显提高反应活性和N2选择性，但当n（H2）／n（NO）＞3后反应性能不再变化．催化剂具有较高的稳定性，反应产物中始终未观察到有H2S或SO2产生，即反应未引起催化剂中的晶格S流失．这说明H2的存在抑制了NO对硫化物表面的氧化所导致的催化剂失活．     

硫化CoMo催化剂上H2同时还原NO和SO2的研究I．H2还原NO反应

研究了Al2O3担载的硫化CoMo催化剂上NO被H2还原的规律，并考察了不同Mo含量的CoMo/Al2O3催化剂、单一的Mo／Al2O3和Co/Al2O3催化剂，以及原料气中H2／NO比对反应活性和选择性的影响。结果表明，硫化的5．1％C-15．2％Mo/Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性和选择性，在200℃以下时反应产物为N2O，在350℃以上时则完全转化为N2．进一步增加Mo含量引起在350－450℃间N2选择性轻微下降，提高原料气中的H2含量可明显提高反应活性和N2选择性，但当n（H2）／n（NO）＞3后反应性能不再变化。催化剂具有较高的稳定性，反应产物中始终未观察到有H2S或SO2产生，即反应未引起催化剂中的晶格S流失。这说明H2的存在抑制了NO对硫化物表面的氧化所导致的催化剂失活。     

水蒸气对Cu-Al-MCM-41上NO选择性还原的影响

 利用程序升温反应考察了10％H2O存在时Cu－Al－MCM－41催化剂\r\n上的NO选择性还原反应，同时结合XRD，N2吸附等温线，NMR，TPD和TP\r\nR等技术对催化剂的化学吸附性能和结构特征进行了表征．活性测试结\r\n果表明，在含水气氛中进行NO选择性还原反应时催化剂的活性下降较小\r\n，且是可逆的，400℃时催化剂的活性可维持300min以上．通过多种表\r\n征可知，分子筛骨架未发生坍塌，催化剂活性变化的原因是H2O的存在\r\n抑制了NO和C3H6在催化剂活性位上的吸附，同时在反应过程中形成了一\r\n定量的CuO物种，导致催化剂表面活性中心数减少．     

富氢条件下Au／γ－Al2O3催化剂上CO的选择氧化反应

 用脉冲反应考察了富氢条件下Au／γ－Al2O3催化剂上CO的选择氧化反应．结果表明，CO和O2在Au／γ－Al2O3催化剂表面同时发生吸附，其吸附活性中心都在催化剂的活性组分表面，CO的吸附强度大于O2的吸附强度，吸附态的CO和吸附态的O2之间反应生成CO2．提高反应温度和增加原料中氧的含量都能提高CO的转化率．在所考察的实验条件下，O2的反应选择性基本上为100％．     

Al2O3／WO3／ZrO2固体强酸催化剂对正丁烷异构化的催化性能

 通过沉淀、回流、浸渍和焙烧等步骤制备了Al2O3／WO3／ZrO2固体强酸催化剂．采用XRD，N2吸附，UV－Vis光谱，NH3－TPD和H2－TPR等技术测定了Al2O3对WO3／ZrO2催化剂的结构、表面酸性、氧化还原性及正丁烷异构化反应性能的影响．结果表明，在WO3／ZrO2中引入适量的Al2O3对其表面酸强度及酸量无显著影响，但可使催化剂中的ZrO2组分以稳定的四方相形式存在，并能有效地抑制催化剂中WO3的聚集长大，从而提高催化剂的稳定性和正丁烷异构化的转化率和选择性．添加铂于Al2O3／WO3／ZrO2中可进一步提高其催化性能．还考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、Al含量、反应温度和反应气氛对正丁烷异构化反应的影响．     

用TPD研究SO2对NO催化氧化过程的影响

 针对活性氧化铝载体及过渡金属氧化物催化剂上SO2增强NO吸附并促进其氧化的实验事实，考察了反应温度对SO2发挥促进作用的影响．结果发现，在50～250℃间存在一适宜的温度范围，能使氧化铝上原本不氧化的NO在SO2气氛中发生氧化．对氧化铝预吸附不同组成的气体及在不同温度下吸附NO－O2－SO2后进行了TPD研究．结果表明，SO2的存在对NO氧化吸附生成NO2高温脱附物种有利．对Co3O4／Al2O3催化剂上吸附SO2－NO2的TPD研究结果显示，SO2先吸附或与NO2共吸附都能使NO2高温物种脱附增强，同时SO2的弱吸附物种转变成强吸附物种或表面硫酸盐物种，意味着弱吸附的SO2能与NO2形成稳定的物种；而后吸附的SO2竞争占据NO2的吸附位．推测表面上弱吸附的SO2与NO－O2或NO2之间形成了多分子的活性物种．     

红外光谱研究Pt-Re/Al2O3重整催化剂的表面结构

CO和NO吸附或两者竞争吸附在Pt／Al2O3，Re／Al2O3和Pt－Re／Al2O3催化剂上的红外光谱可以给出Pt和Re的表面结构信息．本文研究的催化剂为低金属载量的Pt／Al2O3，Re／Al2O3和工业型Pt－Re／Al2O3，其中Pt含量0．22％，Re含量0．43％（质量分数）．实验结果表明，用NO与CO双分子竞争吸附的红外光谱实验方法可分别表征还原态Pt－Re／Al2O3重整催化剂上Pt表面和Re表面，并视需要可对Pt表面和Re表面进行半定量分析．在还原态工业型Pt－Re／Al2O3重整催化剂表面上，没有明显迹象表明有Pt－Re合金形成．     

γ-Mo2N催化剂上H2及NO吸附性质的TPD-MS研究

采用TPD-MS方法研究了H2及NO在γ-Mo2N上的吸附状况．单独的H2-TPD结果表明,当H2在673K吸附时,在443K、573K及723K得到了三个H2脱附峰,表明γ-Mo2N上有三种不同能量的H2吸附位．NO－TPD结果表明,NO吸附后亦有三个脱附峰（383K、493K、543K）,对应着γ-Mo2N上三种不同能量的NO吸附位：低、中、高能吸附位．NO既可以以解离状态,又可以以一种NO三聚态（dimerordinitrosyl）的形式吸附在γ－Mo2N上,这些吸附物种在脱附过程中产生大量的N2及少量的N2O.对比NO吸附在不同处理条件的γ-Mo2N上的TPD结果可知,NO是吸附在γ-Mo2N上的MO的配位不饱和中心上,这些吸附中心既可通过还原催化剂,又可通过在773K抽空钝化态的γ－Mo2N而产生,H2和NO共吸附的结果表明,预吸附H2再吸附NO后,H2和NO的脱附量均大大减少,且只有两个脱附峰出现.NO只在363K及493K出现两个脱附峰,表明预吸附氢占据了NO的强吸附位,且NO很难取代它,从而使NO只能吸附在能量较低的吸附位上;而H2只在523K及723K出现两个脱附峰,且伴随着H2的脱出有N2和H2O的产生,表明在γ－Mo2N上NO可能与预吸附氢形成了一种复合相MoHx（NO）y,它在脱附时分解为H2、N2及H2O.     

Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2助剂的作用

 研究了以浸渍法制备的以氧化铈为助剂的Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂,对丙烯和一氧化碳氧化及一氧化氮还原反应的三效催化活性．主要考察了钯及CeO2助剂含量对催化剂三效转化活性的影响,并对部分催化剂进行了X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及氧饱和吸附后NO吸附的程序升温脱附－质谱（TPD－MS）表征．结果表明,在Pd含量（不大于1．0％）较低时,增加Pd含量可明显提高催化剂的活性．适量的CeO2能使Pd催化剂具有较好的热稳定性及富氧条件下的转化活性,过量的CeO2会降低催化剂的热稳定性．CeO2助剂使Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂中的Pd2＋较易被还原为Pd0,并促进Pd上NO的解离吸附．     

富氧条件下氮氧化物的选择性催化还原Ⅰ．Ag／Al2O3催化剂上C3H6选择性催化还原NO的性能

 利用自行研制的全自动催化剂活性评价装置和原位漫反射红外光谱仪，分别考察了Ag的负载量和形态、氧浓度及水蒸气添加对Ag／Al2O3催化剂上C3H6选择性催化还原NO性能的影响．结果表明，Ag的最佳负载量为4％～6％，此时粒径为15nm左右的银簇粒子均匀地分散在Al2O3载体表面．在GHSV＝50000h－1和θ＝430～550℃条件下，4％Ag／Al2O3上NO转化率可达90％以上．反应过程中有机含氮化合物及NO2的生成，导致NO和NOx转化率间产生差异．当氧浓度为7％时，催化剂对NO选择性还原的催化活性最高．水的添加阻碍了活性中间物种NCO及其前驱体的形成，导致催化剂的平均活性下降．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.