对溶剂具有自旋交叉响应金属-有机框架材料的制备及性能研究综合性实验

推荐一个综合性化学实验——对溶剂具有自旋交叉响应金属-有机框架材料的制备及性能研究综合性实验,实验内容包括金属-有机框架材料的扩散法制备、单晶结构的测定、粉末X射线衍射的表征、磁学性能测试。该实验内容丰富,包含具体合成、仪器操作、数据处理等基本科学研究核心内容,可以作为载体使学生进行自主学习并提升相关学习积极性。     

电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究的综合化学实验

为将导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料引入到本科教学实验中，设计了综合探究性高分子材料制备实验——电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究。首先采用电化学法构筑导电高分子聚苯胺纳米阵列；然后运用紫外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电化学工作站等，分别对聚苯胺阵列的化学结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。从材料的合成角度来看，该实验可以使学生了解和掌握电化学合成导电聚合物的机理与方法；从材料的结构和性能表征方面来看，可以使学生学习和操作科研类的大型仪器设备，对学生的动手操作能力具有实质性的锻炼。此外，该综合性实验很好地将化学制备与材料的应用相结合，方法简单，耗时短，重复性好，可作为高分子类专业本科生综合探究性实验开设。     

单金属位点催化剂的制备、表征及其在燃料电池中的应用

介绍了一个综合性较强的大学化学实验——单金属位点催化剂的制备及其在燃料电池中的应用。该实验是一个科研转化的综合化学实验，通过在氨气中简单热处理金属盐和氧化石墨烯，将金属原子单分散在氮掺杂的石墨烯骨架中（标记为M-NG）。通过XRD、TEM、SEM、HAADF-STEM等多种表征技术对催化材料进行结构表征，以碱性的氢氧化钾溶液为电解质测试催化剂在氧还原反应中的活性，从而开发单位点金属催化剂在燃料电池中的应用潜力。通过本实验将最前沿的学术研究成果和实践技能融入实验教学中，可以提高学生的综合实验操作技能，培养学生对科研的探究兴趣和探索能力。     

综合化学实验：磁性金属有机骨架材料的合成及对铅的吸附

设计了一个综合实验——磁性金属有机骨架材料的合成及对铅的吸附。先合成四氧化三铁,再通过氨基修饰制备磁性金属有机骨架吸附材料。考察了此材料对铅的吸附性能,铅的浓度用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。通过实验加深了学生对物理化学课程中吸附动力学等相关内容的理解,同时巩固了学生对仪器分析课程中的原子吸收光谱法的相关内容的掌握。     

介孔二氧化硅材料合成与表征的综合性化学实验设计

设计了一个综合性化学实验——MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅材料的合成与表征。实验内容包括MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅材料的制备,以及采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱、比表面积与孔隙度分析等多种分析方法对其结构和形貌进行表征。本实验不仅可以锻炼学生的基本实验操作技能,还能使学生加深对相关课程理论内容的理解,并进一步激发学生探索化学前沿知识的兴趣。     

MOF构筑的电化学传感器及应用

金属-有机框架化合物(以下简称金属-有机框架)是一类有机配体与金属中心通过自组装形成的具有三维框架结构的多孔材料,其特异复杂的结构使其具有良好的化学性能。金属-有机框架化合物在分析化学方面的应用受到广泛关注,在电化学传感器应用方面也取得了显著进展。本文简要介绍近年来金属-有机框架用于构建电化学传感器的方法及在电化学传感器中的作用;对基于金属-有机框架的电化学传感器的应用进行了综述;分析了目前金属-有机框架-电化学传感器研究中存在的问题和局限性并对其应用进行了展望。     

锌配位聚合物的制备与表征——推荐一个无机化学综合实验

介绍了一个无机化学综合型新实验——锌配位聚合物的制备与表征。通过有机配体的合成、金属有机框架材料的制备及其相关结构和性能表征,使学生了解金属有机框架这一科研前沿领域,在引导学生进行实验操作、解释及归纳的过程中,提升学生的综合及创新能力。本实验综合了无机、有机和分析化学知识点的学习与实验操作能力的培养,建议纳入高年级综合型化学实验课。     

基于ZIF-8/WCNT电化学传感器检测呋喃西林在实验教学中的设计与探索

介绍一个新创综合实验，基于Zn-甲基咪唑金属有机框架材料(ZIF-8)和碳纳米管(WCNT)电化学传感器检测呋喃西林，包括金属框架材料的合成、传感器制备、测定条件优化、分析方法建立等多个模块。本实验切合本科实验教学需求，涉及分析化学和材料化学等二级学科，具有较强的交叉性和可拓展性，适合于分析化学实验教学。     

生物质的液化转化及其产物的分离分析实验设计

设计了一个综合性化学实验——生物质的液化转化及其产物的分离分析。实验内容包括生物质（麦秆）的醇解液化;气/液/固产物的收集与分离,以及用气相色谱仪、气相质谱联用仪、红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等对产物成分与结构的检测与表征;液体产物（生物油）的萃取与柱层析分离,以提取苯乙酮、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚等高附加值化学品。该实验从社会能源现状出发,使学生的理论知识与实际应用相结合,可以激发学生对于新能源化学的兴趣;实验中涉及到多种分离纯化手段的运用和产物分析仪器的使用,提高了学生基本实验技能、动手操作能力和数据处理能力;同时鼓励学生进行知识拓展,进行创新方案设计。     

生物质废弃物碳作为锂离子电池负极材料研究的综合性实验设计

为了拓展能源化工和材料专业高年级本科生的知识领域,设计了综合性实验--生物质废弃物碳作为锂离子电池负极材料研究。实验内容包括生物质废弃物碳的制备、结构表征、电极的制备、模拟电池组装及电化学性能测试等。通过实验操作、电化学工作站和充放电测试仪的使用及数据处理等环节,不仅可以巩固学生所学知识,还能培养他们的创新思维能力和团队意识,进一步提高综合素养水平。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。