药物制剂工程课程教学中多元知识融合初探

为了提高药物制剂工程课程的教学质量,可以将物理化学知识融入到该课程的教学中。以“喷雾干燥工艺技术”为例,介绍了采用阶梯设疑法,将物理化学中的“弯曲液面上的饱和蒸气压”这一知识点融合到该技术中的教学情况,并根据期末考核结果对多元知识融合的教学效果进行评价。     

应用型本科院校物理化学考核模式的构建与实践

针对应用型本科院校现有的物理化学课程考核模式存在的问题,采取过程化考核和终结性考核相结合的方式,构建了新的物理化学考核模式,并在教学中进行了实践。实践表明:通过考核模式改革,化学专业学生物理化学成绩相对其他不同专业或相同专业不同年级的学生而言,物理化学课程成绩产生了显著性差异,且明显提高;激发了学生的学习兴趣,调动了学生学习的积极性、主动性,提升了学生专业素养。     

信息化背景下课程考核的改革与探索

指出当前高校课程考核中存在的问题和不足,并结合自身的教学实践,对高校课程考核和评价方式进行了探索和实践,提出了信息化背景下不同课程考核和评价的模式应该不同的理念。     

基于多维任务驱动下的物理化学实验课程探索*

设计不同维度的课程任务学习单,并将自主探究、协作交流等学习模式引入物理化学实验的实践教学,深入探讨了物理化学实验课程实施翻转课堂的教学模式的研究。整个教学环节包括:课前资源导学、课内知识拓展、课后成效评价。实践表明,翻转课堂有利于提高学生的知识内化能力、分析解决问题能力、合作交流能力以及自学能力,尤其是文献调研的能力有显著提升,该模式取得了较好的教学效果。     

地方高校选修课程考核模式的改革与探索——以汉江师范学院为例

课程考核是课程教学中提高教学质量和评价人才培养质量的重要环节及有效手段。然而,地方高校汉江师范学院选修课程仍然存在考核方式单一、学生积极性差、创新性不足的问题。本文对选修课程考核模式进行了改革与探索,以表面活性剂化学课程为例,从教师评价、学生互评、学生贡献等三个角度出发,以科学成才观念为核心,设计并实践了教师评价(代号“T”)、组组互评(代号“G”)、个人贡献比(代号“I”)的“TGI”考核模式,打破传统的考核方式,提高学生积极性与主动性,激发学生的创新性,活化学生创新思维,培养学生的综合能力。“TGI”考核模式对提高课程教学质量具有重要的意义,对其他选修课程考核评价具有一定的借鉴作用。     

“单晶结构分析实践”课程的教学探索

介绍了为研究生开设“单晶结构分析实践”课程的背景和必要性,阐述了该课程的课程定位、教学内容、教学方法和考核评价体系.实践证明,采用理论与实践并重的课程教学模式,有利于提高学生的综合素养和单晶结构分析能力;针对不同内容采用灵活多样的教学方法,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性;多模式的过程性考核评价体系有助于提高课程的教学质量.     

物理化学实验思政改革的探索与实践

针对当前物理化学实验课程思政与实验教学脱节和融合不畅的问题,通过培养教师课程思政的意识和能力、修订物理化学实验教学目标、优化教学内容、完善教学手段和考核方式等方面的探索,将课程思政元素“润物细无声”地融合到实验教学中,使学生“亲其师,信其道”,品尝到含有思政元素“盐”的“美味佳肴”。     

科学思维导向的物理化学实验教学模式*

物理化学实验课程的教学目标正逐步从“培养学生的实验能力”向“培养科学思维”进行迁移并不断挑战传统的实验教学模式。基于这一理念,在物理化学实验课程中尝试引入探究性实验和论文式报告相结合的教学模式以重构学生的学习过程。实践结果表明:探究性实验和论文式报告在物理化学实验教学中相辅相成,让学生在探究性实验中再现知识的创造过程并以科技论文的形式对探究结果进行评价和交流,进而培养其科学思维方法和创新意识。此外,该模式重视科学知识的实验起源,鼓励学生在“写以致学”过程中实现知识的整合、迁移乃至创新。     

以学生发展为中心的无机化学课程立体化考核评价模式构建与实践

针对当前地方本科院校无机化学课程考核中存在的问题,以学生为中心,关注学习过程,并注重学生发展,构建了以学生发展为中心的无机化学课程立体化考核评价模式,弥补了终结性评价的不足。教学实践表明,该考核模式实施后,不仅学生的无机化学I和无机化学Ⅱ课程考试成绩分别提高了12.17%和13.92%,而且有效地激发了学生的学习兴趣,促进了教师教学方式的改变和学生学风的转变,实现了考试评价改革和课堂教学改革有机结合,提升了人才培养质量。     

基于工程教育认证的课程评价方案设计与实践——以《高分子物理》为例

针对目前课程评价体系中存在的以总结性评价为主、忽略学习过程、期末试卷主要考察背诵、课后作业敷衍等问题,基于工程教育认证核心理念对课程评价体系进行了设计,包括按照"成果导向教育"为指导来组织期末考试试卷,"以学生为中心"来设计作业模式和引入形成性评价以达到"持续改进"效果三种主要措施。在《高分子物理》课程中实践了新的课程评价方案,期末考核结果及对学生的问卷调查都表明课程评价方案改革取得了很好的效果。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。