聚乙二醇及其单醚在咪唑N-烷基化反应中的应用

本文报道了在咪唑N-烷基化反应中以聚乙二醇(PEG)及其单醚作为相转移催化剂合成C_4-C_(16) N-烷基咪唑及咪唑N-烷基衍生物的新方法。该法反应条件温和,操作简便,收率可达70％左右。测定了N-烷基咪唑化合物的物理性能,~1H NMR和红外光谱,并讨论了反应条件和烷基化试剂的碳链结构对反应的影响。     

氨基取代苯并咪唑衍生物的合成及在酮的氢转移反应中的应用

以α-氨基酸与邻苯二胺在微波辐射下反应合成了α-氨基取代苯并咪唑(1～5).1-(1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)乙胺(1)与溴丁烷反应可形成单丁基、二丁基、三丁基取代产物1a～1d,1的氨基经Boc保护,N-烷基化后制备咪唑环上的N-烷基化产物1i～1g.制备的氨基取代咪唑与Ru(II)化合物原位组成催化体系,考察了其在取代苯乙酮的氢转移反应中的催化活性.结果表明RuCl2(PPh3)3与各配体组成的催化剂均有较好的催化活性,含有NH2基团的α-氨基取代苯并咪唑化合物参与的催化体系催化活性最好,TOF(Turnover frequency)可达到40200 h-1.     

钯/碳高效绿色催化Suzuki交叉偶联反应

开发了一个以钯/碳为催化剂高效绿色催化Suzuki反应制备联苯类化合物的新方法.该体系以环境友好的聚乙二醇400的水溶液为反应溶剂,加入离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐,可高效催化溴代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,并且催化剂可以循环利用4次而催化效率没有明显降低.     

重水在咪唑N-烷基化相转移催化反应中的影响

咪唑及其衍生物在相转移催化剂(PTC)存在下和烷基卤进行N-烷基化反应能得到较好的结果,但重水在此反应中的影响,至今未见文献记载.作者为进一步探讨在相转移催化剂存在下吡唑、咪唑及其衍生物N-烷基化反应机制,采用重水作为相转移反应体系的水相,观察其对反应的影响.     

可见光诱导对位苯酚/苯胺邻位多氟烷基化

发展了一种简便、清洁的可见光催化的苯酚/苯胺邻位多氟烷基化反应路线.以较廉价的多氟烷基碘或溴为自由基源,Ru(bpy)_3Cl_2为催化剂,在LED蓝光灯照射下,多种对位取代的苯酚/苯胺高效选择性地发生邻位多氟烷基化反应,以80%~92%的产率合成了一系列多氟烷基化的芳香化合物.此反应在无需保护基团的情况下,可快速在游离苯酚/苯胺类化合物骨架上引入CF_3,C_3F_7,C_4F_9,C_6F_(13),C_8F_(17)I和CF_2CO_2Et等一系列多氟烷基基团.此反应条件温和(室温)、催化体系绿色,为具有潜在药用价值和生理活性的含氟苯酚/苯胺类芳香族化合物的合成提供了一条高效、快捷的新途径.     

含羟基氮杂环卡宾的咪唑盐前体的合成及其原位产生的卡宾配体在Suzuki-Miyaura和Sonogashira反应中的应用

合成了四种含羟基官能团的四元杂环氮杂环卡宾前体咪唑盐,并用核磁共振、红外和单晶衍射等手段对化合物的结构进行了表征.这些咪唑盐前体与钯源PdCl_2(CH_3CN)_2组成的催化剂在碱(KOH)存在下可高效地催化SuzukiMiyaura偶联反应,该反应在叔丁醇/水(V∶V=1∶1)的混合溶剂中室温下即可进行,具有条件温和、收率高、绿色环保等优点.此外,PdCl_2(CH_3CN)_2/咪唑盐/CuI的混合催化剂体系即便在小装载量时对构建芳基炔类化合物的Sonogashira偶联反应也表现出良好的催化活性.其中,PdCl_2/咪唑盐3b催化剂对这两类偶联反应均表现出了高催化活性.     

新型N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺的合成

以2-溴苯胺和氰乙酸为原料,经N-烷基化、酰胺化和α-烷基化反应合成了4种新型的N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺类化合物(5a~5d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-氰基乙酰胺(3)1.7 mmol,n(3)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶1,DMF为溶剂,Cs2CO3为碱,于室温反应6 h]下,5a收率83%。     

氮杂冠醚的研究——Ⅷ.N-取代-2,3-苯并-10-氮杂-1,4,7,1 3-四氧杂-环十五-2-烯的合成及其对碱金属离子的配合作用

2,3-苯并-10-氮杂-1,4,7,13-四氧杂-环十五-2-烯前与溴代烃或溴代多甘醇单烷基醚,在无水碳酸钾存在下,在乙腈中缩合制得N-取代-2,3-苯并-lO-氮杂-1,4,7,13-四氧杂-环十五-2-烯化合物(1-11),取代基为:n-C_4H_9,i-C_5H_11,n-C_7H15,CH_2CH_2OCH_3,CH_2CH_2OCH_2CH_3,CH_2CH_2OC_4H_9,(CH_2CH_2O)_2CH_3,(CH_2H_2O)_2C_2H_5,(CH_2CH_2O)_2C_4H_9,CH_2CH=CH_2,和CH_2Ph.本文还考查了化合物2—4和6—11在室温下,在氯仿-水体系中,对苦味酸碱金属(Li~+、Na~+和K~+)盐的配合作用.     

多相双金属Pt-Sn/γ-Al_2O_3催化的胺N-烷基化反应合成仲胺和叔胺

基于借氢策略、醇为烷基化试剂的胺的N-烷基化反应是合成胺类化合物的绿色途径.在无外加氢源条件下,多相双金属Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3催化剂可高效催化醇为烷基化试剂的伯(仲)胺的N-烷基化反应合成仲(叔)胺,反应副产物为水与极少量亚胺.催化体系的底物适应性好,目标产物收率高;催化剂可以循环使用,具有潜在的工业化应用前景.     

6-溴-8-叔丁基-5H-[1,2,4]三嗪并[5,6-b]吲哚-3-硫醇类化合物的合成（英文）

5-叔丁基靛红(1)与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)在环境友好的聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)为溶剂的条件下进行溴代反应,生成5-叔丁基-7-溴靛红(2a)。随后,其在NaH为碱、DMF为溶剂的条件下发生烷基化反应,生成N-烃基取代的5-叔丁基-7-溴靛红2b-f。化合物2a-f与硫代氨基脲(3)反应得到一系列结构新颖的6-溴-8-叔丁基-5H-[1,2,4]三嗪并[5,6-b]吲哚-3-硫醇衍生物4a-f。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。