新试剂5-(对-苯胺偶氮)-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮的电化学发光研究

应用自制的ECL-1型电致化学发光仪,对新试剂5-(对-苯胺偶氮)-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮(简称ADPD)在Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-H_3BO_3缓冲介质中的电化学发光行为作了研究。结果表明,当介质pH值为10.20时,在各种选定的实验条件下,施加+2.0V(vs.SCE)三角波脉冲电压,体系发光强度与ADPD浓度在2×10~(-9)～1×10~(-7)mol/L范围内呈线性关系。反应的检测限为5×10~(-10)mol/L。并且提出了ADPD电化学发光的可能机理。     

10,10′-二甲基-3,3′二氨基-9,9′-双吖啶电致化学发光行为及机理研究

研究了10,10′-二甲基-3,3′-二氨基-9,9′-双吖啶(简称DMDABA)的电致化学发光(ECL)行为.考察了电化学参数、反应介质以及pH值等条件对DMDABA电致化学发光信号的影响.结果表明:在玻碳电极上施加适当电压时,该新试剂DMDABA在KNO3乙醇溶液中产生很强的电致化学发光信号,于最优化条件下,发光强度的自然对数与DMDABA浓度的自然对数在2.16×10-5~2.16×10-8mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达5.2×10-9mol/L.还用循环伏安法、电致化学发光光谱以及荧光光谱研究了DMDABA的电致化学发光机理.     

CdTe量子点-Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)体系阴极电致化学发光法测定邻苯二酚

根据邻苯二酚对Cd Te量子点增敏的Ru(bpy)32+阴极电致化学发光强度有较强的抑制作用,建立了一种简单的测定邻苯二酚的电致化学发光分析方法。分别探究了磷酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度、pH、量子点的浓度、Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)的浓度、扫描速率以及电位等因素对该体系发光行为的影响。在优化实验条件下,电致化学发光强度的对数与邻苯二酚浓度的对数在7.0×10~(-8)~4.0×10~(-5)mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2.3×10~(-8)mol/L(3σ)。对4.0×10~(-6)mol/L的邻苯二酚标准溶液进行六次平行测定,其电致化学发光强度的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%。该方法可成功应用于模拟环境水样中邻苯二酚的含量测定,加标回收率介于95.0%~105.7%之间。     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法测定土壤中的多抗霉素B

以稀土铕离子(Ⅲ)掺杂的类普鲁士蓝膜(Eu-PB)修饰铂电极为工作电极,采用毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法(CE-ECL)对土壤中的多抗霉素B进行检测.分别对毛细管电泳分离条件和电致化学发光检测条件进行优化,并探讨了体系产生电致化学发光的机理.在优化实验条件下,多抗霉素B可在4 min内得到分离,其ECL强度值与多抗霉素B...     

氮掺杂石墨烯量子点/Ru(phen)32+杂化体系电致化学发光法测定诺氟沙星

制备了氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(NGQDs)并表征了其形貌和结构。利用诺氟沙星(NFX)充当主发光体Ru(phen)_3~(2+)共反应剂的条件下,NGQDs能够促进其自身与受体Ru(phen)_3~(2+)之间的共振能量转移并催化Ru(phen)_3~(2+)与NFX之间的电极反应,从而导致体系电致化学发光(ECL)信号显著增强的效果,构建了测定NFX的NGQDs/Ru(phen)_3~(2+)杂化新体系。体系ECL增量的对数值与NFX的浓度在1.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-4)mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检测限为3.3 nmol/L。该方法可用于两种商业药品制剂中NFX的测定。     

二茂铁催化鲁米诺电致化学发光反应的研究

在碱性Tris缓冲体系中 ,鲁米诺与过氧化氢的电致化学发光反应要在 4 5 0mV以上的电位下才可以发生 ,加入羧基二茂铁 (FCA)可以使这一发光反应的起始电位负移 ,而且发光信号随电极电位的增大而急剧增强。详细考察了这一催化发光体系 ,研究了影响发光强度的各种因素 ,建立了Luminol H2 O2 FCA发光体系测定FCA的电致化学发光新方法。方法测定二茂铁的检出限可达 1.5nmol/L ,二茂铁浓度在 5 .0× 10 -9～ 2 .0×10 -4mol/L范围内与电致化学发光强度呈良好的线性响应关系     

毛细管电泳电致化学发光法测定牛奶样中的土霉素残留量

以铕离子(Ⅲ)掺杂类普鲁士蓝(Eu-PB)化学修饰铂电极为工作电极,基于铜(Ⅱ)-土霉素配合物对三联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)电致化学发光强度的增敏作用,建立了用毛细管电泳电致化学发光法测定土霉素的新方法。实验对毛细管电泳分离条件和电化学发光检测条件进行了优化。在最佳实验条件下,电致化学发光峰面积与铜(Ⅱ)-土霉素配合物的浓度在0.138～46.1μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为57.0ng/mL(3σ)。本法用于牛奶样中土霉素残留量的测定,加标回收率为95.5%(n=5)。     

电致化学发光抑制效应测定SO_3~(2-)

基于SO_3~(2-)能抑制鲁米诺电致化学发光,本文提出了在Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-KCl-鲁米诺体系中测定SO_3~(2-)的方法。在1.0×10~(-6)mol/L～5.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围内,SO_3~(2-)-浓度的对数与电致化学发光降低的光强度△I呈线性关系。对11份浓度为5.0×10~(-6)mol/L的Na_2SO_3溶液进行测定,结果的相对标准偏差为4.3%。文中对SO_3~(2-)-抑制鲁米诺电致化学发光的机理作了初步的探讨,提出了可能的反应历程。     

电致化学发光法高灵敏度测定血清中的辛可宁

利用金电极为工作电极,研究了辛可宁-Ru(bpy)2+3体系的电致化学发光行为。研究表明,辛可宁对Ru(bpy)2+3在电极表面的电致化学发光具有显著的增强作用,据此建立了一种高灵敏度测定辛可宁的电致化学发光分析方法。考察了硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液的浓度、p H值、联吡啶钌浓度、光电倍增管电压等参数对实验的影响。在12 mmol/L硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液(p H 9.0)中,辛可宁浓度的对数lgc在3.0×10-9~6.0×10-6mol/L范围内与Ru(bpy)2+3的电致化学发光强度变化值(ΔI)呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.76×10-10mol/L。应用此法对血清中辛可宁的浓度进行测试,加标回收率为102.1%~109.5%。     

新试剂6-(2,4-二羟基苯基偶氮)-2,3-二氢-1,4酞嗪二酮的电致化学发光研究

本文研究了6-(2,4-二羟基苯基偶氮)-2,3-二氢-1,4酞嗪二酮(新试剂DHDHD)的电致化学发光的条件及产生电化学发光的机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。