固相微萃取-脉冲火焰光度法测定大气及水中的路易氏剂

建立了固相微萃取（SPME）与气相色谱/脉冲火焰光度检测器（GC／PFPD）联用测定大气和水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的方法。探讨了影响SPME萃取效率的萃取头类型、萃取时间、解吸时间等因素。优化了PFPD的条件参数、衍生化试剂及衍生条件。在优化的条件下，路易氏剂衍生产物的响应值与浓度有良好的线性关系。本方法对水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的检出限为0．1μg/L；气体中路易氏剂的检出限为10ng／m^3；水样的加标回收率为96．7％-102．1％；气体样品的加标回收率为94．9％-103．0％；RSD为2．06％。     

荧光衍生化法测定牛奶中氯霉素残留的研究

研究氯霉素荧光衍生化反应的实验条件，建立荧光分光光度法测定牛奶中氯霉素残留的新方法。牛奶中的氯霉素，用乙酸乙酯超声提取3次，浓缩，盐水溶解，正己烷脱脂，再经乙酸乙酯反萃取，氮气吹干，经还原，用荧光胺衍生化测定。氯霉素衍生化产物质量浓度在12．5～500ng／mL范围内，相对荧光强度与质量浓度关系为F=1．44 0.1424ρ，r^2=0．9998。加标回收率为81％～87％，相对标准偏差为3．9％～8．4％。本方法牛奶中氯霉素可达2．5ng/mL。     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酰氯的气相色谱分析

建立了柱前衍生化气相色谱法测定2，4—二氯苯氧乙酰氯含量的方法；采用OV—17填充柱和火焰离子化检测器(FID)，内标法定量，样品加标平均回收率96．6％，标准偏差1．48，相对标准偏差1．71％；该方法简单、快速，结果准确。     

固相微萃取衍生化与GC-MS测定水中痕量路易氏剂的方法研究

采用固相微萃取衍生化和气相色谱．质谱（GC-MS）监测技术，对水中痕量路易氏剂进行了测定，考察了衍生化试剂、萃取纤维、萃取时间等因素对方法灵敏度的影响。测定路易试剂的线性范围为1．1—220ng／mL，检出限为0．0001mg／L，相对标准偏差为3．4％，回收率为93．2％～104．4％。     

甾醇、甾烷醇柱前衍生高效液相荧光分析

采用荧光衍生化试剂2-（9-咔唑）乙酰氯，对天然产物谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇及谷甾烷醇的柱前衍生化条件，包括催化剂的种类、反应温度、衍生化时间等进行了考察，结果表明：催化剂选用三乙胺，反应温度80℃，时间20min，衍生产物具有恒定的最大检测响应值。利用高效液相色谱对衍生产物进行分析，并对衍生物的分离进行了优化选择，达到了较好的基线分离，检出限为12．6～29．5nmol／L。方法应用于血清样品的测定，谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇和谷甾烷醇的标准加入回收率分别为101．9％、102．4％、101．0％和103．2％。     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定2-去氧葡萄糖的含量

采用对氨基苯甲酸乙酯为衍生化试剂,建立柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定2-去氧葡萄糖的含量.结果表明,最适的衍生化条件为反应温度85℃,反应时间1.5 h,衍生化试剂(ABEE)和单糖(2-DG/Glu)的摩尔比为25∶1;色谱条件为色谱柱Hypersil ODS2 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.02％TFA-乙腈(80∶20,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,波长307 nm.本方法在1～700 mg/L浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r-0.9999);定量限(S/N-10)及检出限(S/N-3)分别为450和100 μg/L;平均加标回收率为101.7％;RSD为0.7％;日内及日间精密度均小于0.7％.表明本方法灵敏度高,测定结果准确,重复性好,可用于2-去氧葡萄糖样品的准确定量分析.     

气相色谱法检测食品中的环己基氨基磺酸钠方法的改进

利用微量取样及简化衍生化过程,对气相色谱法测定食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的方法进行改进。用改进后的方法对绿豆糕、全脂牛奶、威拿咖啡、车厘子果脯、皇家梅5种食品进行了检验,加标回收辛为91．20％～102．7％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．13％-8．06％（n=7）。该法操作简便,灵敏度好,节省了实验试剂的使用。     

顶空衍生固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定聚碳酸酯树脂中的环境雌激素

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用测定聚碳酸酯树脂中环境雌激素4-枯基苯酚和双酚A的分析方法。优化了固相微萃取纤维、萃取温度和时间、解吸时间、搅拌速度、pH等萃取条件及衍生化温度和时间、衍生化方式等衍生化条件，并对样品浸泡时间、浸泡温度等进行了研究。方法的线性范围为0．05μg/L～1mg／L，4-枯基苯酚和双酚A的检出限分别为50ng／L和0．5ng／L，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）分别为5．2％和1．6％，平均回收率（n=3）在90．50％～107．3％之间，该方法简单、快速、灵敏。     

2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇衍生气相色谱/质谱分析深海鱼油脂肪酸

以2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇为衍生化试剂,皂化和衍生化充氮气保护,柱前衍生气相色谱／EI质谱分析深海鱼油脂肪酸。通过修改官能团抑制了脂肪链中碳碳双键的移位,并使质谱呈现显示双键位置的规范信息。解析隐藏羧基的脂肪酸衍生物2-烯基-4,4-二甲基噁唑的质谱图,确定了深海鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸中双键的位置。共鉴定出23种脂肪酸。结果表明：深海鱼油由C12～C22脂肪酸组成,多不饱和脂肪酸含量占56．82％(峰面积百分比,下同),其中以9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(6．96%),9,12-十八碳二烯酸(7．15％),5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(20．83％),5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(2．15％),4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(12．7％)和4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸(2．59％)为主。为多不饱和脂肪酸中双键的定位提供了新的技术手段。     

调味品中氯丙醇的GC/ECD和GC/MS/MS衍生化检测方法研究及应用

报道了调味品中氯丙醇的衍生化气相色谱(GC／ECD)和衍生化气相色谱双串联质谱法(GC／MS／MS)测定。GC／ECD测定酱油中3—氯—1，2—丙二醇(3—MCPD)的检出限达到0．01mg／kg，回收率为91％～104％，变异系数为2．27％～7．96％；GC／MS／MS同时测定酱油中1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇和3—氯—1，2—丙二醇，1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇的检出限为0．02mg／kg，3—氯—1，2—丙二醇的检出限为0．01mg／kg，回收率在92％～106％，变异系数为3．51％～13．33％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.