两种高热稳定性端羟基单阳离子型咪唑离子液体毛细管气相色谱固定相的性能评价

采用静态法将合成的端羟基单阳离子咪唑离子液体1-(6-羟己基)-3-丁基咪唑二(三氟甲基)磺酰亚胺盐(HHBIM-NTf₂)和1-(8-羟辛基)-3-丁基咪唑二(三氟甲基)磺酰亚胺盐(HOBIM-NTf₂)作为固定相制备离子液体毛细管气相色谱柱。采用Grob试剂、混合醇样品和芳香族异构体混合物对固定相色谱选择性进行了考察,Grob试剂和混合醇组分产生的尖锐、对称的色谱峰形及异构体混合物组分达到基线分离的结果均表明端羟基离子液体固定相具有良好的色谱选择性。HHBIM-NTf₂柱和HOBIM-NTf₂柱经250 ℃老化8 h后对异构体混合物的分离能力没有明显下降,而HHBIM-NTf₂柱经300 ℃老化后仍有理想的异构体选择性,表明端羟基离子液体固定相具有理想的热稳定性。本结果为进一步改善单阳离子型咪唑离子液体固定相的色谱性能提供了有效途径。     

微波固相法制备的ZnCl_2/Y在α-蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能

考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2 /Y分子筛催化剂在α 蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能 .催化剂活性及产物选择性与分子筛表面的酸性有关 .在微波作用下 ,ZnCl2 可分散于分子筛表面且可与分子筛中的阳离子发生固态离子交换反应 .分散的ZnCl2 (中强L酸 )有利于生成龙脑烯醛 ,固态离子交换生成的ZnY(弱L酸 )有利于α 蒎烯环氧化物重排生成松蒎酮 ;不同Na+ 交换度的HY分子筛表面具有不同的B酸中心 ,B酸的存在可使重排反应产物松香芹醇和香芹醇发生分子内脱水二次反应生成单萜烯 .用微波固相法制备催化剂时 ,随着ZnCl2 负载量的增加 ,产物香芹醇的选择性升高 ,分散于分子筛孔道内的ZnCl2 有利于生成香芹醇 .比较了不同溶剂对α 蒎烯环氧化物重排反应产物分布的影响 ,以环己烷作溶剂时 ,松蒎酮选择性可达 2 4% .通过对分子筛表面酸性的调变可实现选择合成 .     

亲水作用电色谱用于吡啶类化合物的分离

采用亲水电色谱对强极性吡啶类化合物进行了分离。以亲水性的强阳离子交换填料作固定相,乙腈-磷酸-三乙胺缓冲液作流动相,考察了流动相中有机改性剂含量、离子强度及流动相pH对吡啶类化合物保留行为的影响。结果表明,在亲水电色谱模式下,流动相中有机改性剂含量对吡啶类化合物保留有较大影响,随着流动相中乙腈含量的增加,吡啶类化合物的保留迅速增强;较高pH值有利于吡啶类化合物的峰形改善。实验证明,亲水电色谱是一种适用于极性化合物分离的新型微分离方法。     

微波固相法制备ZnCl2/Y在α-蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能

 考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／Y分子筛催化剂在α－蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能．催化剂活性及产物选择性与分子筛表面的酸性有关．在微波作用下,ZnCl2可分散于分子筛表面且可与分子筛中的阳离子发生固态离子交换反应．分散的ZnCl2（中强L酸）有利于生成龙脑烯醛,固态离子交换生成的ZnY（弱L酸）有利于α－蒎烯环氧化物重排生成松蒎酮;不同Na＋交换度的HY分子筛表面具有不同的B酸中心,B酸的存在可使重排反应产物松香芹醇和香芹醇发生分子内脱水二次反应生成单萜烯．用微波固相法制备催化剂时,随着ZnCl2负载量的增加,产物香芹醇的选择性升高,分散于分子筛孔道内的ZnCl2有利于生成香芹醇．比较了不同溶剂对α－蒎烯环氧化物重排反应产物分布的影响,以环己烷作溶剂时,松蒎酮选择性可达24％．通过对分子筛表面酸性的调变可实现选择合成．     

溶剂效应对手性咪唑衍生物对映异构体与固定相相互作用的影响

采用分子模拟方法研究了两类手性咪唑衍生物的对映异构体与多糖类手性固定相纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(商品名称为Chiralcel OJ)的相互作用, 结果表明, 溶剂效应对两者的相互作用有显著影响. 在强极性溶剂(溶剂A)条件下, 与化合物的S型异构体相比, 化合物的R型异构体与固定相间形成的复合物更稳定, 即S型先出峰, R型后出峰, 与文献报道的拆分实验结果完全吻合; 在弱极性溶剂(溶剂B)条件下, 两个化合物的R/S型异构体与固定相相结合的结合能差别不大, 无法进行有效分离. 模拟结果表明, 对映体与固定相之间存在远程互相排斥作用, 在强极性溶剂作用下, 远程静电作用减弱, 有利于对对映体与固定相立体相互作用的不同进行区分, 从而区分对映异构体. 能量分析结果显示, 分子间的范德华能, 尤其是其中色散能的大小决定了对映体在固定相上是否可有效分离.     

高效液相色谱法拆分雷喏嗪

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)在正相条件下,用自制的涂敷直链淀粉-三(3,5-基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(ADMPC)手性固定相直接拆分了高效低毒的抗心绞痛药物雷喏嗪外消旋体(Ranolazine),并考察了二元及三元流动相体系对样品分离的影响,结果表明,三元流动相中的拆分结果远远好于二元流动相,流动相中不同种类醇改性剂及含量对样品保留时间和立体选择性有不同程度的影响．     

水对脂肪酶非水相催化拆分2-辛醇的影响

利用假单胞菌脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化的对映选择性酯化反应，对外消旋（Ｒ，Ｓ）－２－辛醇进行了动力学拆分，考察了水对脂肪酶非水相催化性能的影响．结果表明，酶在有机溶剂中的活力显著依赖于系统的加水量，二者呈钟罩形曲线，但最佳加水量范围以及酶的活力大小因溶剂不同而异；在最佳加水量范围内，系统含水量的变化对酶的对映选择性影响不大，但加水量增大（＞１％，Ｖ／Ｖ）会导致逆反应（酯的水解）加剧而降低醇的光学纯度；在反应进行一定时间后，添加分子筛移走酯化反应生成的水，可显著提高反应的转化率，并增大醇的对映体过量，但当超过快反应（Ｒ－醇的酯化）的平衡转化率时，反而会造成残留醇的光学纯度下降．用二甲基甲酰胺和乙二醇取代部分或全部的水添加于非水相酶反应系统，也能起到与水类似的甚至更强的激活酶的作用．     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备中药诃子中的没食子酸

利用高速逆流色谱法从100 mg诃子醇提物中一次性分离制备得到8.6 mg没食子酸。通过分析型高速逆流色谱对5种溶剂系统进行筛选,确定以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(体积比为1:5:1:5)为两相溶剂体系并放大到制备型上,以上相为固定相,下相为流动相,在主机转速850 r/min、流动相流速2 mL/min、检测波长254 nm的条件下进行分离制备,获得4个分离峰(组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)。经高效液相色谱检测,按照面积归一法计算,其中组分Ⅲ的纯度达96.40%。经电喷雾电离质谱分析,并结合与没食子酸标准品的高效液相色谱测定结果的对比,确定组分Ⅲ为没食子酸。该方法简便、快速、重复性好,适合于诃子中没食子酸的分离制备。     

脲衍生物型手性固定相拆分氟西汀对映体

利用脲衍生物型手性色谱柱拆分药物氟西汀，主要优化了正相分离条件，并讨论了异构体的出峰次序；认为固定相中两个手性中心分别与异构体发生氢键及π－π电子授－受作用，且这两种作用力的强度对不同构型的异构体是不同的，流动相组成主要影响异构体的分析时间。     

HPLC-MS/MS法同时测定果蔬中6种植物生长抑制剂残留

利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)技术,建立了果蔬中氯化胆碱、矮壮素、缩节胺、嘧啶醇、多效唑、烯效唑6种植物生长抑制剂残留的检测方法.考察了流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱离子化效率的影响以及提取溶剂、提取剂用量和固相萃取柱对萃取效率的影响.在优化条件下,6种目标化合物在1.0 ～200.0...     

3，5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯替考拉宁和苯基异氰酸酯替考拉宁手性固定相的评价与比较

用大环抗生素替考拉宁手性固定相(TE CSP)分别与3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯和苯基异氰酸酯反应得到了两种新型的高效液相色谱手性固定相----3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯替考拉宁手性固定相(DMP-TE CSP)和苯基异氰酸酯替考拉宁手性固定相(Ph-TE CSP)。用十八个手性化合物在反相及极性流动相模式对这两种CSP的对映体分离能力进行了评价和比较。在反相流动相中,十二个化合物（包括八个氨基酸和四个非氨基酸化合物----对羟基苯甘氨酸,拉米夫定,醇酸和去甲羟安定）的对映体在这两种手性固定相上都获得了分离,大部分的溶质在DMP-TE上获得了更强的保留和稍好的手性分离效果。在极性流动相中,六个氨基醇类化合物在DMP-TE上获得了更强的保留,但它们在两种CSP上的选择因子几乎没有区别。对自制的替考拉宁衍生物手性固定相进行评价和比较,将有助于大环糖肽类抗生素手性固定相手性识别机理的研究。     

Preparation of a new chiral stationary phase for HPLC based on the (R)- 1-phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine amide derivative of (S)-valine and 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid: enantioseparation of amino acid derivatives and pyrethroid insecticides

A novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) for HPLC was prepared by bonding (R)-1-phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine amide derivative of (S)-valine to aminopropyl silica gel through a 2-amino-3,5-dinitro-1-carboxamido-benzene unit. The CSP was used for the separation of some amino acid derivatives and pyrethroid insecticides by chiral HPLC. Satisfactory baseline separation required optimization of the variables of mobile phase composition. Use of dichloromethane as modifier in the mobile phase gave baseline separations of amino acid derivatives. The two enantiomers of fenpropathrin and four stereoisomers of fenvalerate were baseline separated using hexane-dichloromethane-ethanol as mobile phase. The results show that the enantioselectivity of the new CSP is better than Pirkle type 1-A column for these compounds. Only partial separations were observed for the stereoisomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin, which gave even and eight peaks, respectively.     

Enantioseparation of Novel Chiral Tetrahedral Clusters on an Amylosoe Tris-（3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate） Chiral Stationary Phase by Normal Phase HPLC

Amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) coated on a kind of small particle silica gel was prepared. On this ADMPC chiral stationary phase (CSP), the direct enantiomeric separation of six novel chiral transition metal tetrahedral clusters has firstly been achieved using n-hexane as the mobile phase containing various alcohols as modifiers. The effect of mobile phase modifiers and the structural variation of the solutes on their retention factors (k‘) and resolutions (Rs) were investigated. The result suggests that not only the structure and concentration of alcohol in mobile phase, but also the structural differences in racemates can have a pronounced effect on enantiomeric separation. ADMPC-CSP is a suitable CSP for the optical resolution of chiral tetrahedral cluster by HPLC.     

曲线拟合定量法在高效液相色谱手性分离中的应用

 首次将曲线拟合定量法用于解决高效液相色谱手性分离中重叠峰的定量问题。通过比较百树菊酯 8个立体异构体的实验谱图和拟合谱图 ,证明曲线拟合定量法与传统的中切法相比 ,可获得更令人满意的结果。     

几种手性化合物在直链淀粉-三(环己基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相上高压液相中的拆分

正相条件下, 在自制的涂敷型直链淀粉-三(环己基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相上, 直接拆分了九种不同类型的手性化合物, 考察了流动相中极性添加剂对手性拆分的影响, 并与直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)进行了比较. 研究发现, 此种手性固定相不仅具有较高的手性识别能力, 而且对某些类型手性化合物的选择性与后者明显不同; 探讨了此种固定相可能的拆分机理.     

Comparison of the chiral resolution on cis-trans isomeric chiral stationary phases derived from (S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine

A pair of cis-trans isomeric chiral stationary phases (CSPs) derived from (S)-1-(1-naphtyl)ethylamine was prepared. The chromatographic behaviours on both CSPs with regard to the resolution of enantiomeric amino acids, amino alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acid were studied. According to separation factors, the trans-CSP showed better chiral recognition ability for the separation of most analytes chosen in this study. Three homologous series of the alkyl esters of racemic amino acids were resolved on both CSPs using n-hexane-2-propanol and n-hexane-dichloromethane as mobile phases. The trans-CSP also showed better enantioselectivity for the resolution of homologues. A reverse of elution order was observed for the resolution of the homologous series of phenylglycine alkyl esters on both CSPs. It was found that the relationship between the separation factor and the alkyl chain length of the ester homologous series depended upon the components of mobile phase. A higher magnitude of difference between the two CSPs in enantioselectivity for the resolution of a given homologue was obtained when n-hexane-dichloromethane was used as a mobile phase. A chiral recognition process, in which steric repulsion, face-to-face π-π interaction, face-to-edge π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction were involved, was also suggested to describe the separation of enantiomeric homologues on both CSPs. This study clearly indicates that the chiral resolution is influenced by the geometry of the double bond in a CSP.     

Evaluation and Comparison of a 3,5‐Dimethylphenyl Isocyanate Teicoplanin with Phenyl Isocyanate Teicoplanin Chiral Stationary Phase Using RP‐HPLC

HPLC enantiomeric separations of 8 α‐amino acids were achieved using two self‐made chiral stationary phases (CSP)–phenyl isocyanate teicoplanin (Phe‐TE) and 3,5‐dimethylphenyl isocyanate teicoplanin (DMP‐TE), using reversed phase mobile phases. The Phe‐TE or the DMP‐TE CSP was prepared from the TE using derivative agents, phenyl isocyanate or 3,5‐dimethylphenyl isocyanate, respectively. The chromatographic results were given as the retention, selectivity, resolution factor and the enantioselective free energy difference corresponding to the separation of the two enantiomers. The effect of pH, organic modifier type and amount were discussed, and the stereoselectivities for two TE‐based CSPs were compared. The chiral selectivity factor for six α‐amino acids on DMP‐TE is somewhat bigger than that on Phe‐TE CSP under reversed phase (RP) mode. Comparison of the enantiomeric separations using self‐made Phe‐TE and DMP‐TE was conducted to gain a better understanding of the chiral recognition mechanism of the macrocyclic glycopeptide CSP.     

Preparation and evaluation of a chiral stationary phase covalently bound with a chiral pseudo-18-crown-6 ether having a phenolic hydroxy group for enantiomer separation of amino compounds

In order to develop a chiral stationary phase (CSP), which has even higher separation ability than the corresponding commercially available crown ether based CSP (OA-8000 having a pseudo-18-crown-6 ether with an OMe group as a selector), chemically bonded type CSP having a phenolic OH group on a crown ring was developed. Normal mobile phases with or without acid additive can be used with this OH type CSP in contrast to the conventional OMe type CSP which has a neutral chiral selector. Enantiomers of 25 out of 27 amino compounds, including 20 amino acids, 5 amino alcohols, and 2 lipophilic amines, were efficiently separated on a column with this CSP. Nine amino compounds out of 27 were separated with better separation factors than the corresponding OMe type CSP. It is noteworthy that the chromatography on this CSP exhibited excellent enantiomer-separations for amines and amino alcohols when triethyl amine was used as an additive in the mobile phase. Comparison of enantiomer separation ability on this OH type of CSP and on the OMe type of CSP and correlation between the enantioselectivity in chiral chromatography and that of the corresponding model compounds in solution imply that the chiral separation arose from chiral recognition in host guest interactions.     

Analytical Separation of Closantel Enantiomers by HPLC

Closantel is an antiparasitic drug marketed in a racemic form with one chiral center. It is meaningful to develop a method for separating and analyzing the closantel enantiomers. In this work, two enantiomeric separation methods of closantel were explored by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The influences of the chiral stationary phase (CSP) structure, the mobile phase composition, the nature and proportion of different mobile phase modifiers (alcohols and acids), and the column temperature on the enantiomeric separation of closantel were investigated in detail. The two enantiomers were successfully separated on the novel CSP of isopropyl derivatives of cyclofructan 6 and n-hexane-isopropanol-trifluoroacetic acid (97:3:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase with a resolution (Rs) of about 2.48. The enantiomers were also well separated on the CSP of tris-carbamates of amylose with a higher Rs (about 3.79) when a mixture of n-hexane-isopropanol-trifluoroacetic acid (55:45:0.1, v/v/v) was used as mobile phase. Thus, the proposed separation methods can facilitate molecular pharmacological and biological research on closantel and its enantiomers.     

Enantioseparation of Novel Chiral Tetrahedral Clusters on an Amylose Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) Chiral Stationary Phase by Normal Phase HPLC

Introduction In recent years, chiral transition metal cluster has at-tracted a great deal of interests due to its potential ap-plication in asymmetric catalytic reaction.1-3 Producing catalysis for asymmetric induction using a rigid chiral framework would not only bring a basically conceptual breakthrough in the asymmetric catalysis, but also en-rich the methodology in the design of new chiral cata-lysts.4 So far, a lot of chiral clusters have been re-ported,5-9 but only a few of them have bee…