供给侧改革视角下高职院校生活化学实验的设计与教学实践*

在供给侧改革背景下,结合高职院校教学实际,分析了生活化学实验课程在实验设计、教学内容、教学方法等方面存在的问题。从精心设计的实验项目、基于实验展示的教学方法和凸显学生专业特色的考核方式等3个方面进行实践,体现了课程的科学性、实用性、趣味性和可操作性,有助于提升高职院校学生的科学素养。     

“拔尖计划”2.0背景下有机化学实验课程教学体系的建设与实践*

以北京大学有机化学实验课程为例,介绍了“拔尖计划”2.0背景下,以全面培养学生科学素养和研究能力为核心目标的化学实验教学体系建设与实践。课程以科研方法训练为教学主线,将基本操作、合成技术、开放实验、计算实验、文献研读、科学写作等教学模块充分融合。通过基于理解的教学设计和混合式教学模式,开展分层次教学,增强学生自主学习与合作学习能力,促进学生成长。也为基于拔尖人才培养的实验课程建设提供有益参考。     

贯穿论文式实验报告的综合能力培养教学实践

加强实验教学是培养学生科学素养和综合创新能力的重要途径。基于"两性一度"的课程教学要求,针对目前实验教学中撰写实验报告存在的问题,以物理化学实验课程为例,进行了教学改革与实践。采取贯穿科研论文式实验报告撰写各环节的科学素养和能力培养模式,该论文式实验报告有利于学生整体把握,提出问题、分析问题和总结,实验报告的各个部分与实际教学环节相统一,取得了满意的效果。充分发挥了教师主导和学生主体的协同优势,激发了学生学习的积极性和主观能动性,有利于培养德智体美劳全面发展的高素质人才。     

再论科学素养培养的关键、路径及意义

基于高中化学教学实践, 探讨、反思学生科学素养培养的关键、路径及意义, 以期为高中化学教学提供参考。认为教师科学素养的提升是学生科学素养培养的关键, 可以通过改变课堂教学模式、形式和内容来落实科学素养培养的目标, 科学素养培养的意义在于让学生成为具有科学理性的人。     

大学化学中引入自组织沉淀斑图的教学实践*

大学化学是高等院校理工科非化学化工类专业基础必修课程。通过在课程教学中引入自组织沉淀斑图,加深学生对沉淀溶解平衡的理解;通过与自然界中相似沉淀结构的类比,激发学生的兴趣,使学生认识不同学科间的关联与交叉;通过启发式教学,提升学生科学素养,培养学生创新能力。     

对“化学与生活”模块中“食品添加剂”内容的教学设计研究——基于培养学生与生活相关的化学科学素养

从培养学生与生活相关的化学科学素养的角度对"化学与生活"模块中"食品添加剂"内容的教学设计进行了研究,设计出了以培养学生与生活相关化学素养为总目标、以真实生活问题解决为主线索的课程,并通过问卷调查和学生访谈对教学效果进行检测。     

融合化学史和生活的二氧化碳教学设计

以二氧化碳的发现史为主线,基于化学史、生活与教学融合的思想进行教学设计：从化学史提出问题,引导学生进行实验探究,在探究中建构知识,并将知识应用于生活实际,从而完成教学目标,达到提升学生科学素养的目的。     

高职“仪器分析及实验”循环进阶教学模式的开发与应用

通过分析"仪器分析"教学内容及教学对象的特点,针对"仪器分析"课程传统教学方法存在的弊端进行改革。从教学体系、教学内容、教学方法等多方面设计"仪器分析及实验"课程,构建出以学生为主体、基于认知规律、多层次阶梯式的教学模式,以提升学生对仪器分析方法的实际应用能力。     

基于PBL的物理化学实验混合教学模式的设计与实践

依托自建物理化学实验在线开放课程及网络教学资源,在物理化学实验课程中开展了线上线下混合式教学."以问题为导向,以学生为中心"设计课程教学,开展探究式学习和过程性评价.通过课前线上预习、线下课堂教学和课后答疑指导等环节,实现了学生能力的进阶式培养,提高学生的自主学习能力、综合能力和创新能力.为高等学校实验类课程线上线下混合式教学模式的探索提供了范式.     

“双碳”理念下《功能高分子材料》的实验教学初探——以“双重温度响应水凝胶的制备及智能窗光热调控应用”为例

加强“双碳”高等教育,助力实现碳达峰碳中和,对新时代人才培养提出了挑战。本文分析了《功能高分子材料》的课程现状,积极思考“双碳”背景下课程内容和教学模式的改革举措,将温敏水凝胶材料的设计合成与智能窗光热调控应用科研成果纳入到教学体系中,在实验原理、实验目的、应用研究中贯彻“双碳”理念,把学科前沿研究转化为本科教学的实验改革,全面提升学生的科学素养、团队合作能力以及创新实践能力,为实现“双碳”目标提供可持续的人才保障和支撑。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

"Decoking" of a "coked" zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge

'Decoking' of a 'coked' zeolite catalyst in a glow discharge in oxygen is investigated. The 'decoking' process involves reactions of atomic oxygen (O atoms) with 'coke' and yields gases such as CO, CO₂ as well as other gaseous products that could be easily pumped out.Three different modes of discharge were investigated including a static mode, a flowing-gas mode, and a periodic-purge mode where the oxygen and other gaseous products of the discharge were replaced by fresh O₂ gas after short but regular intervals of time. In some cases, additional heating was also used to provide base temperatures of the order of 100 °C to facilitate penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner layers and cages of the zeolite catalyst.This paper presents some results of spectroscopic analytical techniques used to monitor the atomization of oxygen, oxidation of 'coke', and to confirm the process of 'decoking'. More specifically, radiation emission on the 3 s ⁵S– 3p ⁵P transitions of O around 777.2–777.5 nm were selected for monitoring the atomization of O₂. On the other hand, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the amount of residual carbon and extent of 'decoking'. Furthermore, evolution of CO and CO₂ gases as a function of time was systematically monitored in real time. For CO, the 451.1 nm band head belonging to the B¹ - A¹ bands of the Angstrom system of the CO spectrum was used, while for CO₂, the band head at 353.4 nm belonging to the CO₂⁺ spectrum was used. The rates of evolution of CO and CO₂ were related to the rate of 'decoking' of the catalyst. It is noted that in the periodic-purge mode, about 63% of the total yield of CO from a given sample of the catalyst appears in the first 3-min exposure to discharge whereas it takes up to 15 min to remove nearly 94% of the removable carbon under our experimental conditions.     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

Size evolution study of "molecular" and "atom-in-cluster" polarizabilities of medium-size gold clusters

A study on static polarizabilities for a family of gold clusters (Au(n), n = 6, 12, 20, 34, 54) is presented. For each cluster, a density functional theory perturbation theory calculation was performed to compute the cluster polarizability and the polarizability of each atom in the cluster using Bader's "quantum theory of atoms in molecules" formalism. The cluster polarizability tensor, α(cluster), is expressed as a sum of the atom-in-molecule tensors, α(cluster)=∑(Ω)α(Ω). A strong quadratic correlation (R(2) = 0.98) in the isotropic polarizability of atoms in the cluster and their distance to the cluster center of mass was observed. The cluster polarizabilities are in agreement with previous calculations.     

梦萦魂牵--《化学通报》复刊30年

哲学家和物理学家都喜欢研究和讨论“时间” ,时间之矢告诉人们光阴冉冉不复返 ,矢者失也。然而人们却总想回忆 ,寻找那些美好的或沮丧的过去 ,是安慰或自娱吧。我一直相信生活总是向前的 ,社会总是进步的 ,就和宇宙不停地膨胀一样。《化学通报》复刊已经 3 0年了 ,既然是复刊 ,必然先有停刊。历史总是把破坏和重建放在一起考虑的 ,才能找出规律。人们都说 2 0世纪是自然科学大发达的时代 ,然而 2 0世纪又是人类社会灾难最多的时代。正因如此 ,才促使科学多极化地、多样性地发展起来 ,从欧洲到美洲到亚洲 ,一点点 ,慢慢地扩散开来 ,也许 ,真…