超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定阿胶中马、牛、羊、猪、骆驼、鹿皮源成分

建立了阿胶中马、牛、羊、猪、骆驼、鹿皮源成分的检测方法。通过比对驴皮和马皮、牛皮、猪皮、羊皮、骆驼皮、鹿皮胶原蛋白的序列,采用蛋白酶切技术和高分辨质谱技术发现理论的各杂皮胶原蛋白特征肽。同时建立三重四极杆质谱筛查方法,以含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈溶液和0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源（ESI）正离子扫描模式,多反应监测。15批阿胶样品检出了杂皮源成分。该方法操作简便,专属性强,可用于阿胶中杂皮源成分的鉴别,并已成功用于阿胶日常打假监督抽验工作。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定保健食品中30种非法添加壮阳类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定保健食品中30种壮阳类化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子化正离子模式下,以多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。30种化合物在10~200μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;在0.1、0.2、1.0 mg/kg加标水平下的平均加标回收率为62.8%~135.2%,相对标准偏差均不大于14%(n=6);检出限为0.05 mg/kg,定量下限为0.1 mg/kg。该方法定性定量准确,操作简便,可为国家标准的建立提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速分析东革阿里化学成分

应用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对东革阿里提取物的化学成分进行定性分析。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus-C_(18) RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析采用电喷雾正离子模式采集,通过对照品比对及高分辨质谱数据解析,鉴定了49种化学成分,包括29种苦木素二萜、4种β-咔巴啉类生物碱、12种铁屎米-6-酮类生物碱、3种联苯新木脂素类及1种角鲨烯型三萜。该方法快速、可靠、高效,能较全面地反映东革阿里的化学成分,可为深入阐明东革阿里的药效物质基础及质量标准研究提供参考。     

超高压液相色谱-飞行时间高分辨质谱联用仪检验血液中的呋喃芬太尼

建立血液中呋喃芬太尼的LC-QTOF-MS检验方法.采用Eclipse Plus C18(1.8μm,3.0X150mm)色谱柱,以水相A(0.1％(v/v)甲酸和5mM乙酸铵的水溶液)和有机相B(乙腈)为流动相梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾正离子全扫描模式,对血液中的呋喃芬太尼分析检验.方法回收率为76.44％ ～92％,...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速分析环境水样中的碘海醇和碘帕醇残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定环境水样中碘代造影剂碘帕醇和碘海醇.样品加入等体积乙腈稀释后离心后,采用PHNOMON Kinetex F5柱(100 mm×3 mm,2.6 μm)进行分离,以0.1％甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子模式下,采用多反应检测模式检测,...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中甲氧基肾上腺素和甲氧基去甲肾上腺素

建立了血浆中甲氧基肾上腺素和甲氧基去甲肾上腺素的液相色谱-串联质谱定量测定方法。生物样本经过固相萃取方式进行前处理,采用Venusil XBP Silica色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,流动相为甲酸-甲酸铵水溶液(A相)和甲酸-水-甲酸铵乙腈溶液(B相),梯度洗脱。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测模式检测待测组分。在最优条件下,分析物在相应的浓度范围内相关系数均大于0.999,加标回收率为85%～109%。     

亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱快速测定水样中氨基脲

建立了亲水作用色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速检测水中氨基脲的方法。水样中加入0.1 mol/ L NaOH 溶液后,以乙腈为提取剂,加入过量 Na2 SO4,使乙腈与水分层,乙腈提取液再经无水 Na2 SO4脱水后,采用亲水作用色谱柱 Amide 色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液及0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱电喷雾正离子、选择离子监测模式检测,同位素内标法进行定量分析。在最优实验条件下,氨基脲在0.2~20μg/ L 浓度范围内线性相关系数为0.997,方法的检出限为0.09μg/ L,定量限为0.30μg/ L。以淡水和海水为空白样品,在添加浓度为0.5,1.0和5.0μg/ kg 水平下,氨基脲的加标回收率为82.3%~92.0%,相对标准偏差小于7.6%。本方法适用于环境水样中氨基脲的快速分析。     

直接进样-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时快速测定水中12种微囊藻毒素和1种节球藻毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱快速检测水中12种微囊藻毒素(MCs)和1种节球藻毒素(NOD)的分析方法。水样经甲醇等体积稀释,聚醚砜(PES)滤膜过滤,滤液直接进样分析,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液和0.2%(v/v)甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH 300 C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下以MRM方式进行检测,标准溶液外标法定量。方法的检出限为0.03~0.1μg/L,定量限为0.1~0.3μg/L。对自来水和河水样品进行加标回收试验,目标物的平均加标回收率为79.5%~123%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~20%(n=6)。该法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于水中12种微囊藻毒素和1种节球藻毒素的快速测定。     

L-羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的高效液相色谱分离与质谱分析

研究了三氯氧磷辅助下L-羟脯氨酸的成肽反应,建立了采用反相高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用技术分离鉴定羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的方法,优化了L-羟脯氨酸寡肽混合物的色谱分离条件。实验以YWG C8柱(10 μm,250 mm×10 mm)为分离柱,以乙腈-0.06%三氟乙酸水溶液(体积比为2∶98)为流动相进行等度洗脱,在正离子模式下对洗脱物进行了电喷雾电离串联质谱鉴定。结果显示,分离出的各组分分别为L-羟脯氨酸二肽、L-羟脯氨酸环二肽和L-羟脯氨酸三肽。     

高效液相色谱电喷雾质谱快速鉴定粉葛中C-苷及O-苷同分异构体

采用高效液相色谱(二极管阵列)/电喷雾质谱联用系统( HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn)快速鉴定中药粉葛中C-苷及O-苷异黄酮同分异构体.选用Hypersil Gold C18(150 mm×2.1 mm×3 μm)色谱柱,以水(含0.1％甲酸)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,研究了粉葛中11种异黄酮类化合物的正离子一级、...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。