不同受体结构染料共敏化对染料敏化太阳电池性能的影响

为了拓宽染料敏化太阳电池对太阳光谱的响应范围,提高电池的光电转换效率,将两种含有不同受体结构（绕丹宁-3-乙酸基（RA）和氰基丙烯酸基（CA））的三苯胺染料（TR1和TC1）进行共敏化。TR1染料平伏吸附在TiO₂表面,而TC1染料直立吸附在TiO₂表面。将两种染料按照不同摩尔比共敏化TiO₂后,TC1占据TR1的部分位置,拓展光谱的同时也抑制了电荷复合,电子寿命较TR1敏化的太阳电池长。在TR1与TC1摩尔比为5：5的共敏剂溶液敏化的共敏电池器件中,短路光电流密度（J_sc）为11.7 mA/cm²,开路电压（V_oc）为704 mV,填充因子（FF）为0.73,光电转换效率（η）为6.03%。该结果明显优于单一染料敏化的电池器件。     

D-π-A-π-A结构有机光敏染料的合成及其在太阳能光电转化和光解水制氢中的应用

选择N,N'-二甲基苯胺作为电子给体,乙炔基和苯基作为π桥键,苯并噻二唑基团作为辅助受体,氰基丙烯酸为电子受体设计合成了一个具有D-π-A-π-A结构的有机染料OD2。对该染料的光谱性能和电化学性能进行了研究,并将其用作光敏剂引入太阳能光电转化和光解水制氢领域。当OD2应用于光伏领域：在AM1.5（100 mW·cm^-2）的光强下,OD2敏化的电池的光电转化效率（η）为4.40%（短路电流密度（J_sc）=10.58 mA·cm^-2,开路电压（V_oc）=630 mV,填充因子（FF）=0.65）;当OD2应用于染料敏化可见光催化制氢领域：在300 W氙灯光源可见光照射10 h,OD2敏化的Pt/TiO₂在pH=7.0,10%（φ,体积分数）三乙醇胺水溶液中的催化转化数（TON）为140,相应的表观制氢量子产率（Φ_H2）仅为0.42%。显然,OD2在光电转化领域比可见光催化分解水制氢领域更具有应用潜力。     

含二级供电基团的三苯胺类光敏染料合成及太阳能电池中的应用

以N,N-二甲基苯胺作为二级给电子单元, 合成两种具有不同长度共轭链的三苯胺类光敏染料XS19和XS22. 研究了它们的光物理与光电化学性质, 并将它们用作TiO₂纳米晶电极的光敏化剂引入太阳电池, 结果表明, N,N-二甲基苯胺的引入能够抑制染料敏化太阳能电池中的电子复合, 提高电池的光电转换效率. XS22表现出更好的光伏性能, 在AM1.5 (100 mW•cm^－2)的光强下, XS22敏化电池的开路电压(V_OC)为685 mV, 短路电流密度(J_SC)为9.6 mA•cm^－2, 填充因子(FF)为0.72, 总光电转换效率为4.7%.     

含苯并噻二唑的吩噻嗪染料分子的设计合成及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

设计合成了三种含苯并噻二唑的吩噻嗪类有机染料光敏剂JY50~JY52,在对其光物理和电化学性质进行研究的基础上,使用三种染料对纳米TiO₂电极进行敏化制备太阳能电池器件,并系统研究了其光电转化效率及电荷传输阻抗等光伏特性.研究结果表明,在染料分子中引入共轭基团有助于其摩尔吸光系数的提升,从而提升光电流.两个长烷基链的引入能够有效地抑制染料分子激发态电子在TiO₂光阳极表面的电子复合,从而提升其电子注入效率.其中,在AM 1.5（100 mW·cm^-2）的模拟光强下,基于碘电解质的染料JY51电池器件获得了7.61%的光电转化效率.     

共吸附剂修饰TiO2电极及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

在染料敏化太阳电池中, 引入共吸附剂通常有抑制染料聚集和提高电池性能的作用. 通过光谱电化学、线性伏安扫描和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了几种以单羧酸基为吸附基团的共吸附剂对纳米TiO₂薄膜的修饰作用. 结果表明本实验中的共吸附剂均能使TiO₂平带电势负移, 并抑制TiO₂导带电子的复合, 其中胆酸类共吸附剂表现出较好的暗电流抑制性能. 适当浓度共吸附剂的引入能够提高N719染料敏化太阳电池的开路电压、填充因子和光电转换效率.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘对染料敏化太阳电池的影响

采用季铵化反应合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘([Bmim]I).以此制备了DSCs用液体电解质.通过对比不同浓度的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘、碘化钾、碘,研究其对电池性能的影响.经过优化后,当c_IL=0.9 mol·L^-1、c_KI=0.5 mol·L^-1、c_I2=0.12 mol·L^-1时,所组装的离子液体DSCs在AM1.5,100 mW·cm^-2下,DSCs的短路电流密度为15.97 mA·cm^-2、开路电压为0.71 V、填充因子为0.55、光电转换效率可达6.34%.     

Y2O3/TiO2 "核-壳"结构在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

在纳米TiO₂多孔薄膜表面包覆超薄绝缘体,形成"核-壳"结构的势垒层,是目前染料敏化太阳电池（DSC）光阳极改性的研究热点之一.本文选取氧化钇（Y₂O₃）作为包覆层材料,采用浸渍法对纳米TiO₂多孔薄膜进行修饰,研究Y₂O₃包覆处理对TiO₂薄膜微观结构及能带结构的影响;将浸渍法制备得到的Y₂O₃/TiO₂"核-壳"结构光阳极应用于DSC中,研究了饣覆层对电子传输复合以及DSC光电转换性能的影响.结果表明,Y₂O₃包覆处理后,薄膜的平带电势负移,且电子复合得到有效抑制,电子寿命增大,电池的开路电压明显提高.研究表明,适量引入Y₂O₃可以达改善电池性能的目的.     

1-甲基-3-己基咪唑碘在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用研究

利用超微铂电极和循环伏安法, 以及电化学阻抗谱研究了在1-甲基-3-己基咪唑碘(HMII)的3-甲氧基丙腈(MePN)溶液中I₃^－和I^－的氧化还原行为, 并对比了由不同浓度的I₂和HMII组成的电解质溶液对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池(DSCs)光伏性能的影响. 发现以MePN为溶剂, 含1.0 mol•dm^－3 HMII, 0.12 mol•dm^－3 I₂, 0.10 mol•dm^－3 LiI和0.50 mol•dm^－3 4-叔丁基吡啶的电解质溶液, 其DSCs的短路光电流密度为14.06 mA•cm^－2, 开路电压为0.71 V, 填充因子为0.69, 光电转换效率达6.81%.     

苯基磷酸联吡啶钌络合物敏化纳晶多孔TiO2薄膜电极光电性能研究

用有机光敏染料敏化半导体,通过染料分子的吸附功能基团与半导体相互作用,使染料分子与半导体表面之间建立电性耦合,进行有效的电荷转移,可以形成有机-半导体复合新型光电功能材料。联吡啶钌络合物有较强的可见光吸收、氧化还原性能可逆、氧化态稳定性高,是一类性能优越的有机光敏染料。近来许多研究发现,羧酸联吡啶钌的强吸附与TiO₂纳晶薄膜的大比表面相结合,导致光生电荷快速注入TiO₂导带达到有效的电荷分离,得到了接近100%的单色光光电流效率^[1]。为研究联吡啶钌分子的不同吸附功能基团与TiO₂纳晶薄膜表面的相互作用对提高光电性能的影响,本文报道苯基磷酸取代的联吡啶钌络合物敏化纳晶多孔TiO₂薄膜的光电性能。     

双功能型吡啶基离子液体的性质及在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用高压釜无溶剂法合成了一种吡啶碘离子液体1-乙基-4-叔丁基吡啶碘(TBEPI), 并将其应用到染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)中. 利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安(CV)和傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究了TBEPI作为碘源的电解质的电化学性质、在TiO₂膜上的吸附特性及抑制TiO₂/染料/电解质界面电子复合的动力学过程. 结果表明, TBEPI作为碘源可提供充足的碘离子, 其电解质的电导率、电化学窗口及氧化还原电对的扩散能力都满足电池工作的需要. TBEPI可有效吸附在TiO₂ 表面形成阻挡层, 抑制TiO₂/染料/电解质界面的电子复合过程, 与传统的以1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘(DMPII)作为碘源的DSC相比, 光电转换效率(η)由7.1%提高到7.5%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.