超高效合相色谱-质谱法分析研究单甘酯乳化剂中单甘酯的主要组成

建立了超高效合相色谱-质谱(UPC2-MS)快速分析3种单甘酯乳化剂(单油酸甘油酯、单亚油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯)中单棕榈酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯和单亚油酸甘油酯等4种主要的单甘酯的方法,并比较了这3种不同类别的乳化剂中此4种单甘酯的含量差异.采用正己烷/异丙醇(7∶3,V/V)直接溶解样品,以ACQUITY UPC2 BEH 2-EP色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为分析柱,以超临界CO2-甲醇/乙腈(1∶1,V/V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min.在电喷雾正离子模式下进行分析,外标法定量.结果表明:单棕榈酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、单亚油酸甘油酯在0.20 ～ 50 mg/L范围内具有良好线性,单油酸甘油酯在0.25 ～ 62.5 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性(相关系数不小于0.9983);定量限(S/N≥10)为0.018～0.046 mg/L;在3个加标水平下,样品的回收率在88.0％～110.5％,相对标准偏差为1.1％ ～4.1％.本方法简单、快速、分离效果好,无需对单甘酯样品进行衍生化,为乳化剂中单甘酯的含量分析提供了一种新的色谱技术手段.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析尿液中邻苯二甲酸单酯和双酯

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱测定尿液中邻苯二甲酸单酯和双酯的分析方法。尿液经 β-葡萄糖苷酸酶酶解后进行固相萃取净化,用乙腈、乙酸乙酯和乙醚-正己烷(1: 19, v/v)分别洗脱,合并洗脱液,氮气吹干后,用N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)对邻苯二甲酸单酯进行硅烷化处理,使用气相色谱-质谱法检测。邻苯二甲酸单酯和双酯的线性范围为5~1000 μ g/L,检出限为0.3~1.1 μ g/L,回收率为77.9%~97.7%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~10.9%。应用该方法对50份尿液进行检测,检出邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)等7种邻苯二甲酸单酯和双酯类物质,平均质量浓度为6.0~142.7 μ g/L。该方法准确、可靠、灵敏度高,适用于尿液中邻苯二甲酸单酯和双酯的同时测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法分析三羟乙基胺硬脂酸酯

提出了反相高效液相色谱法测定三羟乙基胺硬脂酸酯中单硬脂酸酯、双硬脂酸酯、三硬脂酸酯的含量。以C18硅胶键合柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分离柱,甲醇与氯仿混合溶液为流动相梯度淋洗,用电雾式检测器检测。三羟乙基胺单、双、三硬脂酸酯的线性范围分别为2.0～50.0,1.0～50.0,1.2～50.0 mg.L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为1.8,0.5,1.0 mg.L-1。     

油酸乙二醇酯添加剂中双酯组成的气相色谱-质谱分析

用硅胶玻璃色谱柱吸附样品 ,采用溶剂梯度洗脱的方法从油酸乙二醇酯添加剂中分离出乙二醇双酯 ,再用GC -MS详细地分析了乙二醇双酯的组分 ,给出了分析乙二醇双酯的优化条件 ,并通过乙二醇双酯的组分推断出油酸原料中所含酸的种类。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中16种邻苯二甲酸酯和2种邻苯二甲酸酯单酯代谢物

土壤样品经丙酮与正己烷以体积比1∶2组成的混合液提取,采用PSA/Silica复合填料玻璃柱净化,收集洗脱液,洗脱液旋蒸近干,加入正己烷,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定稀释液中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的含量。在气相色谱分离中采用DB-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱,在串联质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。测定2种邻苯二甲酸酯单酯代谢物(MPEs)时,洗脱液旋蒸近干后,在14%(质量分数)三氟化硼-甲醇溶液中于60℃衍生30min。16种PAEs的线性范围均为0.02～0.80mg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为1.357μg·kg~(-1);2种MPEs的线性范围均为0.05～1.00mg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.217μg·kg~(-1)。以空白土壤样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为71.1%～105%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.10%～14%。     

衍生化高效液相色谱法拆分1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二酚光学异构体

以(艹孟)基碳酸酰氯作衍生化试剂,采用高效液相色谱拆分1,1:联萘-2,2'-二酚光学异构体.当采用Lichrosorb Si-60(4 mm×300 mm,5/μm)柱,紫外275 nm检测,正己烷/乙醇(98.5/1-5,V/V)为流动相,1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二酚单(艹孟)基碳酸酯的分离因子和分离度分别为1.368、3.051;用正己烷/乙醚(98.5/1.5,V/V)为流动相,1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二酚双(艹孟)基碳酸酯的分离因子和分离度分别为1.055、1.347.这一方法可简便、快速地测定联萘二酚单(艹孟)基碳酸酯拆分样品的光学纯度.     

HPLC–ELSD法测定三乙醇胺单、双、三酯季铵盐的含量

建立正相高效液相色谱–蒸发光散射检测法测定工业样品中的三乙醇胺单、双、三酯季铵盐的含量。以正己烷–甲醇–四氢呋喃(体积比85∶10∶5,加0.5 mL三氟乙酸调节至pH 3.50)为流动相,等度洗脱三乙醇胺单、双、三酯季铵盐,色谱柱为HP–氨基正相柱,柱温27℃,流量1.0 mL/min,蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度80℃,载气流量2.6 L/min。三乙醇胺单、双、三季铵盐质量浓度的自然对数与各自对应的色谱峰面积和的自然对数呈良好的线性,相关系数(r~2)分别为0.991 4,0.996 7,0.991 5。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%~2.6%(n=6),加标回收率分别为98.6%,101.2%,97.9%。该方法准确快速,可以为三乙醇胺单、双、三酯季铵盐的生产工艺优化提供理论数据。     

衍生化高效液相色谱法拆分1,1′-联萘-2,2′-二酚光学异构体

以基碳酸酰氯作衍生化试剂 ,采用高效液相色谱拆分 1,1′ 联萘 2 ,2′ 二酚光学异构体。当采用LichrosorbSi 6 0 (4mm× 30 0mm ,5 μm)柱 ,紫外 2 75nm检测 ,正己烷 乙醇 (98.5 1.5 ,V V)为流动相 ,1,1′ 联萘 2 ,2′ 二酚单基碳酸酯的分离因子和分离度分别为 1.36 8、3.0 5 1;用正己烷 乙醚 (98.5 1.5 ,V V)为流动相 ,1,1′ 联萘 2 ,2′ 二酚双基碳酸酯的分离因子和分离度分别为 1.0 5 5、1.347。这一方法可简便、快速地测定联萘二酚单基碳酸酯拆分样品的光学纯度     

1,3-丙二醇油酸双酯的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,油酸和1,3-丙二醇为原料合成了1,3-丙二醇油酸双酯。最佳反应条件为:油酸60 mmol,n(油酸)∶n(丙二醇)=2.1,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量为油酸质量的3.5%,带水剂甲苯20 mL,于160℃反应1 h。在优化反应条件下,酯化率98%,收率77%。     

正相液相色谱法测定洗涤用品中的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了正相液相色谱法测定洗涤用品中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的分析方法.洗涤用品样品以正己烷.异丙醇混合溶液超声提取后,采用Agilent ZORBAX NH2(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)色谱柱,以A(90%正己烷.10%异丙醇,V/V)和B(90%异丙醇-10%水,V/V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,不同聚合度的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚色谱峰实现了理想的分离效果.在低、中、高3个添加水平下,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的平均回收率为92.3%～95.7%,相对标准偏差在3.9%～5.7%之间.     

Comparisons of phosphorothioate with phosphate transfer reactions for a monoester,diester, and triester: isotope effect studies

Phosphorothioate esters are sometimes used as surrogates for phosphate ester substrates in studies of enzymatic phosphoryl transfer reactions. To gain better understanding of the comparative inherent chemistry of the two types of esters, we have measured equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects for several phosphorothioate esters of p-nitrophenol (pNPPT) and compared the results with data from phosphate esters. The primary (18)O isotope effect at the phenolic group ((18)k(bridge)), the secondary nitrogen-15 isotope effect ((15)k) in the nitro group, and (for the monoester and diester) the secondary oxygen-18 isotope effect ((18)k(nonbridge)) in the phosphoryl oxygens were measured. The equilibrium isotope effect (EIE) (18)k(nonbridge) for the deprotonation of the monoanion of pNPPT is 1.015 +/- 0.002, very similar to values previously reported for phosphate monoesters. The EIEs for complexation of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) with the dianion pNPPT(2-) were both unity. The mechanism of the aqueous hydrolysis of the monoanion and dianion of pNPPT, the diester ethyl pNPPT, and the triester dimethyl pNPPT was probed using heavy atom kinetic isotope effects. The results were compared with the data reported for analogous phosphate monoester, diester, and triester reactions. The results suggest that leaving group bond fission in the transition state of reactions of the monoester pNPPT is more advanced than for its phosphate counterpart pNPP, while alkaline hydrolysis of the phosphorothioate diester and triester exhibits somewhat less advanced bond fission than that of their phosphate ester counterparts.     

Comparison of Cu(II)-promoted leaving group stabilization of the cleavage of a homologous set of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters in water, methanol, and ethanol

The cleavage of a set of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters having a Cu(II)-complexed 2-phenanthrolyl group at the ortho-position of a departing phenoxide was studied in water and ethanol. Experimentally observed pH/rate profiles, solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effects, and activation parameters are compared with those obtained in methanol. The pH/rate profile in each solvent exhibits an extended plateau due to solvent attack on forms designated as [Cu(II):1b/c](0) for the monoester, [Cu(II):2b](+), for the diester, and [Cu(II):3a](2+) for the triester. The solvent dkie values (k(H)/k(D)) for the three complexes are 0.91, 0.95, and 0.83 for decomposition of [Cu(II):1b/c](0) in water (W), methanol (M), and ethanol (E), 1.22, 1.09, and 1.29 for [Cu(II):2b](+) in W, M, and E, and 1.94, 2.2, and 1.96 for [Cu(II):3a](2+) in W, M, and E. Near unit, or slightly inverse values for the monoester are taken as evidence for little involvement of solvent in a highly dissociative TS for P-OAr cleavage, with slightly higher solvent dkie values for the diester signifying the onset of some solvent participation in assisting the nucleophilic displacement. The larger primary dkie for the triester gives evidence for a solvent-assisted delivery of ROH in the cleavage through a more associative mechanism. Activation parameters for each substrate in the solvents are compared, indicating that the transition from methanol to ethanol for each substrate involves a near cancellation of the ΔΔH(?) and -TΔΔS(?) values (25 °C) so that the respective rates in both solvents are very similar. The transition from alcohol to water produces variable effects, with ΔΔH(?) and -TΔΔS(?) values canceling for cleavage of the triester and being additive for the mono and diester, explaining their 100-500 rate reduction in passing from methanol to water. The rate enhancing effects of the Cu(II)-promoted leaving group assistance in all three solvents are substantial and estimated at 10(12)-10(15) for the monoester, 10(12)-10(14) for the diester, and 10(5) for the triester relative to their background reactions.     

薄层扫描法测定蔗糖脂肪酸酯中的各组成酯

 建立了蔗糖脂肪酸酯中一酯～三酯的薄层分离定性及薄层扫描定量方法。以氯仿 甲醇 醋酸 水 (体积比为 80∶1 0∶8∶1 )为展开剂 ,双波长反射法锯齿扫描 ,测定波长为 530nm ,参比波长为 70 0nm ,线性范围为 4μg～60 μg ,相关系数为0 9940～ 0 9980 ,平均回收率为 96 45%～ 98 73% (RSD为 2 8%～ 3 3% ,n =3)。方法可靠 ,数据准确 ,操作简便易行 ,线性范围宽。     

3-Acetyloxy-2-cyano-2-(alkylaminocarbamoyl)propyl groups as biodegradable protecting groups of nucleoside 5´-mono-phosphates

Thymidine 5′-bis[3-acetyloxy-2-cyano-2-(2-phenylethylcarbamoyl)propyl]phosphate (1) has been prepared and the removal of phosphate protecting groups by hog liver carboxyesterase (HLE) at pH 7.5 and 37 °C has been followed by HPLC. The first detectable intermediates are the (R(P))- and (S(P))-diastereomers of the monodeacetylated triester 14, which subsequently undergo concurrent retro-aldol condensation to diester 4 and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis to the fully deacetylated triester 15. The former pathway predominates, representing 90% of the overall breakdown of 14. The diester 4 undergoes the enzymatic deacetylation 700 times less readily than the triester, but gives finally thymidine 5′-monophosphate as the desired main product. To elucidate the potential toxicity of the electrophilic 2-cyano-N-(2-phenylethyl)acrylamideby-product 17 released upon the deprotection, the hydrolysis of 1 has also been studied in the presence of glutathione (GSH).     

非极性流动相高效液相色谱法定量测定辅酶Q10

采用高效液相色谱外标法定量测定辅酶Q10的含量.色谱条件:4.6mm×25cmZorbox CN柱;流动相:V(正己烷)∶V(异丙醇)=99.5∶0.5;流速:1.0mL·min-1;紫外检测器275nm下检测;ABS:0.04.样品检测线性范围为8μg～0.05μg;相关系数r=0.9998;回收率100.35%;精密度RSD=1.48%.     

Effect of pressure on the selectivity for the esterification of ethylene glycol with propionic acid in supercritical CO2

The esterification of ethylene glycol with propionic acid was investigated in supercritical CO2 at 50.0 degrees C. The effect of pressure on equilibrium conversion and selectivity of ethylene glycol monopropionate (monoester) and ethylene glycol dipropinonate (diester) was studied systematically. It was shown that the equilibrium conversion and selectivity was nearly independent of pressure as pressure was lower than 9 MPa. At higher pressure, however, the yield and selectivity of the diester increased considerably, while those of the monoester decreased with increasing pressure. The main reason was that reactants and products distributed between the vapor phase and liquid phase at higher pressures. The solvent power of CO2 for the diester is stronger than that for the monoester. More diester molecules in the liquid phase were extracted into the vapor at higher pressures, which shifted equilibrium of the consecutive reversible reactions.     

Reactivity of molecular oxygen with ethoxycarbonyl derivatives of tetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals

Tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are commonly used as oximetry probes for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging applications. In this study, the electronic properties and the thermodynamic preferences for O2 addition to various TAM-type triarylmethyl (trityl) radicals were theoretically investigated. The radicals' stability in the presence of O2 and biological milieu was also experimentally assessed using EPR spectroscopy. Results show that H substitution on the aromatic ring affects the trityl radical's stability (tricarboxylate salt 1-CO2Na > triester 1-CO2Et > diester 2-CO2Et > monoester 3-CO2Et) and may lead to substitution reactions in cellular systems. We propose that this degradation process involves an arylperoxyl radical that can further decompose to alcohol or quinone products. This study demonstrates how computational chemistry can be used as a tool to rationalize radical stability in the redox environment of biological systems and aid in the future design of more biostable trityl radicals.     

草乌中二萜类生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究

利用电喷雾质谱技术对传统中药草乌中的二萜类生物碱进行直接分析鉴定.通过实验数据并对比文献发现,草乌中含有单酯型、双酯型、三酯型和脂类等共4种类型生物碱,其中三酯型和脂类生物碱在草乌中为首次发现.由于这些生物碱的结构相似,在电喷雾串联质谱中碎裂方式相同,因此根据电喷雾串联质谱结果确定了这些生物碱的结构.     

Determination of lafutidine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study

A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) method was developed and validated for the first time to determine the concentration of lafutidine in human plasma. After the addition of diazepam (the internal standard, IS) and 1 M sodium hydroxide solution to 0.5-ml plasma sample, lafutidine was extracted from plasma with n-hexane : isopropanol (95 : 5, v/v). The organic layer was evaporated and the residue was redissolved in 200-microl mobile phase. The analyte was chromatographically separated on a prepacked Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS C(18) column (250 x 2.0 mm i.d.) using a mixture of methanol-water (20 mM CH(3)COONH(4)) = 80 : 20 (v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization interface and the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method showed excellent linearity (r = 0.9993) over the concentration range of 5-400 ng/ml and had good accuracy and precision. The within- and between-batch precisions were within 10% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection was 1 ng/ml. The validated LC/ESI-MS method has been successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of lafutidine in 24 healthy male Chinese volunteers.