强酸与多元酸混合物中各组分酸含量测定方法研究

各级离解常数均大于10~(-7),而且相邻两级的离解常数之比K_(a1)/K_(a2)只有几十倍的多元酸与强酸混合情况下,提出通过测量多元酸的半中和点,分别测定各组分酸含量的酸碱滴定法。     

双波长分光光度法测定大米中的痕量镉——Cd(Ⅱ)-Cadion 2B-Tween 40体系

本文研究了Cd(Ⅱ)-Cadion 2B-Tween 40显色反应的最佳条件。测定了不同Tween 40浓度下Cadion 2B的酸离解常数和表面张力。实验证明,Tween 40促进了Cadion 2B的酸离解作用。过量试剂的消耗时Cd(Ⅱ)有强烈的响应,用ΔA_(510-605nm)测定Cd(Ⅱ),其表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(510-605nm)=2.60×10~5。Cd(Ⅱ)在0—16μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。利用TEA、IDA、Cit混合掩蔽剂,并采用标准加入法测定了大米中的痕量镉。     

氯仿溶剂中二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、二正辛基亚砜平衡体系的研究

本文通过紫外光谱法及萃取研究,讨论了二氯二正辛基亚砜合钯(Ⅱ)配合物[Pd(DOSO)_2Cl_2]在氯仿溶剂中的离解平衡: Pd(DOSO)_2Cl_2(?)Pd(DOSO)Cl_2 DOSO Pd(DOSO)Cl_2(?)PdCl_2 DOSO 并测定了25℃时的离解常数K_1=(2.0±0.3)×10~(-3),K_2=(1.3±0.1)×10~(-4)     

分析化学试题答案

一、选择:1.C;2.A;3.B,A;4.B;5.HCl,甲基橙,不需准确加入6.C,增大试样量二、埴空:1.[H~+]+[H_2PO_4~-]+2[H_3PO_4]=[OH~-]+[NH_3]+[PO_4~(3-)];2.HCN;3.H_2PO_4~-;4.平均值26.03％,标准偏差S=0.02％,变异系数=0.08％;5.K_1=10~(9.54),K_2=10~(8.93),K_3=10~(2.73),K_4=10~(2.08),logβ_1=9.54,logβ_2=18.47,logβ_3=21.20,logβ_4=23.28,α=10~(8.47)     

溴邻苯三酚红解离常数的测定

本文采用分光光度等吸收点法测定了溴邻笨三酚红的全部五个解离常数。其结果如下: k_(α_1)=0.99(pk_(α_1)=0.01);k_(α_2)=8.13×10~(-5)(pk_(α_2)=4.09);k_(α_3)=1.40×10~(-6)(pk_(α_3)=5.58);k_(α_4)=3.44×1o~(-9)(pk_(α_4)=8.46)及k_(α_5)=2.75×10~(-12)(pk_(α_5)=11.53)。     

伪极谱法测定铅的氟化物存在下的形态及络合物稳定常数

采用阳极溶出伏安技术（ASV）──伪极谱法研究了铅在氟化物体系中的存在状态。结果表明：当Pb~(2+)浓度为2×10~(-7)mol/L,pH=8时,铅在NaF体系中以PbF~+、PbF_2、PbF_3~-、PbF_4~(2-)形式存在,并测定了形成这些络合物的积累稳定常数分别为:β_1=5．0,β_2=1．8×10~2,β_3=2．6×10~3,β_4=1．2×10~3。     

以苯甲酸正丁醇溶液萃取高氯酸氧鈾

本文研究苯甲酸的正丁醇溶液对高氯酸氧铀的萃取,测得苯甲酸在正丁醇和水相间的平衡常数(A=58),苯甲酸在鲍和正丁醇的水溶液中的电离常数(K_a=6.2×10~(-5))和萃取反应的平衡常数(K=6.4×10~(-5))。研究结果证明在水相中除UO_2~(2+)外,倚有UO_2A~+,UO_2A_2,UO_2(OH)~+和UO_2(OH)A共四种格合物(A~-表示苯甲酸根),其稳定常数经测定分别为:β_(10)=8.0×10~2,β_(20)=1.8×10~5,β_(01)=2.0×10~9,β_(11)=5.2×10~(12)。以上常数除K_α及β_(01)与文献值一致外,其余似尚无报告。交中提出一种较简便而较严谨的用萃取法测定混合型络合物的稳定常数的数据处理法。     

忽略第二级离解的判据推导和二元弱酸溶液氢离子浓度的近似计算*

为推导出忽略二元弱酸$H_{2}A$第二级离解的判据,设计了虚拟酸A和虚拟酸B并计算了酒石酸、虚拟酸A和虚拟酸B的准确氢离子浓度$[H^{+}]_{T}$和近似氢离子浓度$[H^{+}]_{AV}$。计算结果表明:忽略$H_{2}A$第二级离解的判据与$\frac{K_{a1}}{K_{a2}}$比值相关。从极端二元酸($K_{a1}=K_{a2}$)得到的判据为$\frac{2K_{a2}}{[H^{+}]_{AV}}为推导出忽略二元弱酸H_2A第二级离解的判据,设计了虚拟酸A和虚拟酸B并计算了酒石酸、虚拟酸A和虚拟酸B的准确氢离子浓度[H~+]_T和近似氢离子浓度[H~+]_(AV)。计算结果表明:忽略H_2A第二级离解的判据与■比值相关。从极端二元酸(K_(a1)=K_(a2))得到的判据为■,其中[H~+]_(AV)=■。■≤0.11判据具有广泛的普适性,可以用于所有二元弱酸溶液。新判据除了保证溶液氢离子浓度近似值[H~+]_(AV)的准确度外(误差SymbolqB@5%以内),同时还具有覆盖浓度区间宽的显著优点。     

论文选摘

理论塔片高度(H.E.T.P.)与溫度的关系气相色谱学中理论塔片数n=t_R~2(σ_1~2+σ_2~2)~(-1),其中σ_1~2=2D_gLu~(-3),σ_2~2=2β~2F_1~2L(αF_gK~2u)~(-1)。(t_R为校正保留时间,D_g气相扩散常数,L色谱柱长,u载气线速,α气相溶入液相的速率常数或吸附速率常数,F_l,     

VO(NCS)_n~((2-n) )配合物的ESR波谱及其稳定常数的测定

本文研究了VO(NCS)_n~(2-n)~ 配合物的ESR波谱,指出VO~(2 )与SCN~-在乙二醇-水混合溶剂中可形成四种不同组成的配合物:VONCS~ ,VO(NCS)_2,VO(NCS)_3~-,VO(NCS)_4~(2-).测定了ESR波谱参数,该配合物的超精细耦合常数A与SCN~-配位数n呈线性关系,A_n=117.66—3.41n(G).根据 ESR 波谱计算了配合物VO(NCS)_n~(2-n)~ (n=1,2,3,4)的逐级稳定常数,log K_1=2.15,log K_2=1.55,logK_3=0.8 7,log K_4=0.22.其中K_3,K_4的测定在文献上尚未见过报道。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。