反相液相色谱中同系物收敛的热力学表征

以液相色谱中的溶质计量置换保留模型(SDM-R)为理论基础,从热力学角度进一步对反相液相色谱中同系物的收敛性进行了研究。建立了溶质平均收敛点坐标的计算方程,并从自由能变的角度表征了收敛点坐标的物理意义,阐明了收敛点的纵坐标相等的原因是溶质在收敛点处的自由能变为零。浓度收敛点的横坐标是1mol纯溶剂的解吸附自由能;而碳数收敛点的横坐标为当流动相中有机溶剂的浓度为纯有机溶剂浓度的十分之一时的同系物端基的保留自由能的负值。并以实验数据对该方程进行了验证,两者符合程度甚佳。     

反相液相色谱中保留值变化规律的研究——保留值收敛性的理论探讨与实验验证

本文根据反相液相色谱中顶替吸附多种相互作用模型,系统地研究了不同色谱参数(如流动相组成、柱温、溶质、溶剂及键合相配体分子中的碳数)对保留值收敛性的影响,并用热力学方法导出了4个新的保留值收敛方程,已经在各种同系物实验中得到了验证。另外,本文还建立了一种能够采用计算机直接从实验数据计算保留值收敛点坐标的方法,预测值与做图法得到的结果完全一致。     

反相液相色谱中同系物保留过程中的等焓点

依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型,从理论上分别推导了出在反相高效订色谱（ＲＰＬＣ）中同系物端基和重复结构单元对Ｚ（１ｍｏｌ溶剂化溶质被固定相吸附时,在其接触表面释放出溶剂的摩尔总数）与绝对温度倒数间的线性关系式。也从分子结构参数推荐导出了同系物端基对总变的贡献△Ｈ,和同系物非端基（或键长）对总焓变的贡献△ＨｓＮｃ的表达式。从而建立了等焓点的坐标方程,阐明了等点的纵坐标相是溶质在等点处的变为零,等     

高效液相色谱中同系物保留植收敛现象的研究

在讨论影响溶质保留行为因素的基础上，建立了描述同系物保留值收敛现象的一般模型，对１２种同系物（共３８组数据）在６种不同组成的二元流动相和８种固定相中的保留值进行了回归分析，相关系数ｒ≥０．９７４，标准偏差ＳＤ≤０．０５。绘制了这些同系物的三维保留图形及投影图，并据此对同系物收敛现象及其物理意义进行了讨论，建立了计算收敛点坐标的简便方法。     

反相液相色谱中生物大分子保留自由能及相比的测定

依据液相色谱中溶质的计量置换保留模型（SDM-R）和反相液相色谱（RPLC） 中小分子溶质柱相比的热力学新定义,建立了准确测定生物大分子柱相比的理论模 型和实验方法,准确测定了生物大分子的柱相比。同时依据计量置换参数logI和Z 具有热力学平衡常数的性质,并以logI和对1/T作图呈线性为途径,解决了生物大 分子色谱热力学研究中存在的三个难题,准确测定了七种标准蛋白质在RPLC保留过 程中的自由能变,并发现在RPLC中柱相比对保留过程中溶质总自由能变的贡献值几 乎可与溶质在RPLC保留过程中的净自由能变相当。     

高效液相色谱中同系物保留值收敛现象的研究

在讨论影响溶质保留行为因素的基础上，建立了描述同系物保留值收敛现象的一般模型，对12种同系物（共38组数据）在6种不同组成的二元流动相和8种固定相中的保留值进行了回归分析，相关系数r≥0．974，标准偏差SD≤0．05．绘制了这些同系物的三维保留图形及投影图，并据此对同系物收敛现象及其物理意义进行了讨论，建立了计算收敛点坐标的简便方法．     

反相液相色谱中柱相比的影响因素

从理论上阐明了热力学观点所定义的柱相比（即溶质的保留自由能变为零时的κ′值）与溶质种类、柱温、固定相以及溶剂种类的依赖关系。通过研究3种配基链长不同的固定相对7种非极性苯的取代物溶质保留行为的影响，发现柱相比与固定相对溶质吸附力有关；通过对9种正链烷溶质在4种温度下的保留行为的研究，发现了柱相比随温度升高而增大，也发现了柱相比与同系物溶质的碳数无关；通过对3种正链醇同系物，3种正链酸同系物，以及丙酮、乙腈和异丙醇共9种置换剂对9种烷基醇同系物溶质色谱保留行为影响的研究，发现柱相比随溶剂极性增大而减小。     

甲酰胺溶剂中溶质间的过量Gibbs自由能相互作用参数

利用气液色谱方法测定了２９８．１５Ｋ时若干非电解质溶质在甲酰胺－乙酰胺、甲酰胺－尿素、甲酰胺－高氯酸钠固定液中的保留参数，采用ＭｃＭｉｌａａｎ－Ｍａｙｅｒ理论，将溶液热力学过量性质与溶液中粒子的对相互作用，参相互作用参数相联系，利用热力学方法求得了溶质的保留参数与Ｇｉｂｌｓ自由能相互作用参数的关系，并就溶质－溶质间的相互作用及溶剂性质的影响进行了讨论。     

反相液相色谱中溶剂强度规律的研究

 以溶质计量置换保留模型 (SDM R)为依据 ,通过研究 3种正链醇同系物溶剂置换剂对 14种正链醇同系物溶质色谱保留行为的影响 ,发现计量置换参数Z(对应 1mol溶质被吸附时从溶质与固定相接触处释放出的溶剂的总摩尔数 )、lgI(与 1mol溶质对固定相亲和势有关的常数 )和 j(与 1mol溶剂对固定相亲和势有关的常数 )均随着同系物置换剂相对分子质量的增大而减小 ,并呈现出线性变化 ,表明溶剂强度与溶剂分子的大小有关 ,分子愈大 ,溶剂洗脱能力愈强 ,并遵循同系物规律。     

衍生化环糊精键合固定相对N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦 酸酯化合物色谱保留和手 性识别机理的研究

正相条件下,一系列N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯化合物首次在苯基氨基甲酸酯衍生化β环糊精键合硅胶固定相上实现了高效液相色谱手性拆分,结合热力学模型,对手性分离过程的热力学行为进行了讨论。探索运用定量结构-对映异构体选择性保留关系的方法,将对映异构体的色谱保留和溶质分子描述参数相关性闻系建立定量方程,从超热力学模型的角度研究了色谱保留和手性识别机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.