AWG中波导间耦合造成的相位畸变的分析

用(1,1)阶Pad啨近似的广角BPM计算了阵列波导光栅(AWG)中由于阵列波导间耦合造成的相位畸变以及由于相位畸变引起的相位误差分别考虑了光从中心/非中心输入波导入射两种情况结果表明,波导间的耦合会造成显著的相位畸变,但由此引起的相位误差却很小,光从中心输入波导入射时对应的相位误差10-3rad,从非中心输入波导入射时的相位误差约为10-2rad针对波导阵列边缘效应引起的相位畸变,设计AWG结构时,在阵列部分两侧增加了边缘辅助波导结构,从而消除了边缘效应,使得边缘阵列波导对应的相位误差从10-1rad量级减小为10-3(10-2)rad量级.     

小尺寸低折射率差硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅

随着AWG型器件在光通信系统中的大规模应用,对低成本AWG芯片的需求越来越多。在各种降成本方案中,减小AWG芯片的尺寸是最有效的方法之一。本文介绍了一种新型小尺寸低折射率差硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅（AWG）的设计。在该AWG中,输入波导/输出波导与平板波导连接的部分制作成两侧为空气槽的高折射率差波导,所以在与输出平板波导连接处的相邻输出波导间距较小,这样可以在设计上缩短平板波导的长度、减少阵列波导的数量,实现较小的AWG芯片尺寸。该AWG的其它部分,如输入/输出波导与光纤耦合的部分、阵列波导光栅等均采用常规的低折射率波导工艺,所以就同时具有与常规的低折射率波导AWG相同的优点：如低耦合损耗、较好的串扰以及光学特性等。根据这个原理,设计了一种40通道100 GHz频率间隔的低折射率差硅基二氧化硅AWG,其芯片尺寸只有23.88 mm?10.5 mm,是传统相同材料制作的AWG尺寸的1/6。     

阵列波导光栅的简便模拟方法及应用

结合等效折射率方法并利用高斯光束近似给出了一种简便的模拟计算阵列波导光栅方法,可实现AWG锔模拟模拟计算结果与理论公式计算结果吻合利用这种模拟方法,模拟了一个阵列波导光栅(AWG)实例,并考察了阵列波导条数对器件性能的影响,最后分析了制造工艺误差对器件性能的影响     

快速计算阵列波导光栅波导耦合系数的修正重叠积分方法

提出了一种修正的重叠积分方法用以计算阵列波导光栅(AWG)波分复用器件中光从自由传输区域到阵列波导的耦合系数,并和光束传播法(BPM)数值方法计算得到的结果做了比较通过比较分析,得出结论:当波导中心距不是太小时,用修正重叠积分这一快速方法是合适的.     

650 nm聚合物阵列波导光栅波分复用器设计

选择在可见光波段具有较低吸收损耗的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯 共聚物作为波导包层材料,使用双酚A型环氧树脂作为折射率调节剂,根据材料的折射率设计了单模波导截面尺寸;然后,采用束传播法优化设计出16信道阵列波导光栅(AWG)器件的版图结构。利用Optiwave软件模拟了AWG器件的光传输特性,结果显示,器件的信道间隔为0.845 01 nm,插入损耗小于14 dB,串扰小于-25 dB。     

基于SU-8聚合物的越级衍射型单纤三向波分复用器

介绍了基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)的单纤三向波分复用器的设计、仿真、制作与测试。利用阵列波导光栅的频谱周期性,采用越级衍射方法可在无需改变AWG布局,无需额外元件的情况下覆盖三向波分复用器的整个工作波段(1310~1550nm)。器件的芯层采用较高折射率的SU-8聚合物,下包层是二氧化硅,并用空气作为覆盖层,制作流程简单,只需要紫外光刻,成本低。仿真结果显示三个工作通道3dB带宽都大于11nm,偏振波长漂移不超过0.65nm。器件测试结果验证了越级衍射设计的正确性,在TM偏振态下的第二和第三波长通道的额外损耗是3dB左右,第一波长通道的额外损耗是7dB左右,串扰在-15dB左右。整个器件大小仅1.3mm×0.402mm。     

减少聚合物阵列波导光栅损耗的蒸气回溶技术

阵列波导光栅(AWG)器件是波分复用(WDM)系统的一种关键器件,其中,聚合物阵列波导光栅由于其制备工艺、器件集成等方面的优势而受到人们的日益关注。侧壁散射损耗是聚合物阵列波导光栅损耗的一个主要因素,减少阵列波导光栅波导的侧壁损耗对制备低损耗阵列波导光栅具有重要意义。一种蒸气回溶技术被用来有效地减少硅基聚合物阵列波导光栅的散射损耗,该技术的机理是饱和溶剂分子融入并软化波导侧壁,增加其流动性,从而降低波导侧壁粗糙度。用扫描电镜方法验证了用该技术能获得更光滑的波导侧壁。对直波导和阵列波导光栅样品进行回溶处理,测试后得到直波导的侧壁散射损耗减少2.1 dB/cm,阵列波导光栅中心信道和周边信道的插入损耗分别减少5.5 dB和6.7 dB,串扰减少2.5 dB。     

16×0.8nmSi基SiO2阵列波导光栅设计、制备及测试

叙述了一个完整的16通道硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅(AWG)的设计、制备及测试过程。通道间隔为0.8nm(100GHz),解复用器的插入损耗为16.8dB,其中材料损耗为11.95dB,相邻通道串扰小于-17dB,通道插损非均匀性小于2.2dB。     

一种通带平坦的粗波分复用/解复用器件的研制

随着粗波分复用(CWDM)系统在城域网和接入网中日益广泛的应用,人们对粗波分复用／解复用器的研究也逐渐展开。报道了一种8通道波长间隔为20nm的粗复用／解复用器。该器件基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)原理设计,利用平面光波导技术(PLC)制作,采用多模干涉输入结构和“S”形阵列波导结构,实现了较宽的通带宽度和较低的串扰。实验测得1dB带宽大于10nm,相邻串扰大于24dB,非相邻串扰大于32dB。介绍了其设计原理和制作过程,给出了光束传播法(BPM)数值模拟结果,并和实验结果进行了对比。     

4通道交叉型二氧化硅光波导延迟线阵列的设计与制备

设计并制备了一种高集成度、低成本、低损耗4通道交叉型二氧化硅光波导延迟线阵列。利用BPM软件对交叉结构光波导延迟线的Y分支的损耗、弯曲损耗进行数值模拟。综合考虑器件尺寸和损耗参数,设计交叉型延迟线结构的弯曲半径最小为1 500 μm,引入优化的锥口Y分支结构和垂直相交波导结构。采用标准半导体制作工艺制备器件,测试得到了器件的红外输出光斑,延迟线延迟时间分别为0、113、226和339 ps。4通道二氧化硅延迟线阵列能实现相邻通道相等的延迟时间间隔,且可通过集成实现延迟时间的增加,同时输出端可以与光纤阵列集成。     

A novel asymmetric arrayed waveguide grating with different lengths of input/output slabs

A novel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with asymmetric configuration is proposed. In this configuration, the length of the output slab region, the width and the spacing of the output waveguides are unequal to the corresponding parts of the input ones. Compared to a conventional symmetric AWG, the asymmetric AWG proposed in this paper has a smaller size without degrading its performance The analytic method used in a conventional symmetric AWG is extended to the asymmetric AWG. A design example of an asymmetric AWG with low insertion loss, low channel crosstalk and wide bandwidth is presented.     

Passive broadband silicon-on-insulator polarization splitter

We present the implementation of a novel wavelength independent polarization splitter on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The waveguide splitter is based on a zero-order arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) configuration. The splitting function is realized by employing cladding stress-induced birefringence. The device demonstrated a TE to TM splitting ratio better than -15 dB over a 20 nm tuning range centered around lambda=1550 nm and better than -10 dB over our entire accessible wavelength range from lambda=1465 nm to 1580 nm. The highest splitting extinction ratio achieved was -20 dB. To our knowledge, this is the first reported passive broadband polarization splitter based on AWG.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than -30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.     

Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Based on Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Fabrication Errors for Transparent Optical Networks

A transparent optical network (TON) composed by optical add-drop multiplexers based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with fabrication errors is optimized for 10 Gbit/s per channel and channel spacing of 25 GHz. The optimization takes into account the effect of inter-symbol interference, amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation, and coherent and incoherent homodyne crosstalk. Numerical results reveal that AWG fabrication errors can have a high influence on the TON performance; however, in all investigated situations, they do not affect the AWG parameters values corresponding to the optimum AWG frequency response. This surprising behavior is due to the fabrication errors affect mainly the AWG response outside the passband for the required AWG crosstalk level. It is shown that the optimum AWG frequency response is a flat-top response with a mean amplitude response outside the passband lower than ?30 dB and the switch isolation should exceed 30 dB.     

High repetition rate femtosecond WDM pulse generation using direct space-to-time pulse shapers and arrayed waveguide gratings

For the application of high repetition rate wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) pulse train generation from a femtosecond modelocked fiber laser, the direct space-to-time pulse shaper and a properly designed arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) are equivalent. The analogy between the bulk optics and integrated configuration is explored for this application. The critical design parameters of the AWG are the free spectral range and the pathlength difference between adjacent guides in the array.     

聚合物阵列波导光栅的大范围电-光波长调谐滤波器

从阵列波导光栅的光栅方程入手,分析了聚合物阵列波导光栅采用电.光效应进行波长调谐的原理,提出了具有单推挽结构和双推挽结构的电.光波长可调谐滤波器.并用Optiwave软件分别对无推挽结构和推挽结构波长调谐器进行了计算机仿真.结果表明:当外加电压从－100 V 增加到+100 V 时,前者的波长调谐范围约为5 nm,而后者中,单推挽结构的波长调谐范围为约10 nm,双推挽结构的波长调谐范围可达20 nm.     

基于阵列波导光栅的快速波长检测方法

针对现有波长检测技术的不足,提出一种采用阵列波导光栅（AWG）进行波长快速检测的方法,该方法利用AWG对波长信号进行空间分离,将波长信号转化为光场强度信号,利用传统的光场强度检测手段实现波长检测。给出了分析这种检测方法光学特性的数学模型,应用此模型,分析了AWG性能参数对波长检测性能的影响。分析表明：待检测的波长信号可以通过AWG相邻通道的功率比的对数值进行线性表达;减小AWG通道波长间隔或其半波全宽（3dB带宽）可以提高波长检测灵敏度;此方法对AWG的通道不平坦度不敏感;通过对AWG进行±0．1℃的温度控制,此方法可以达到±0．005nm的波长检测精度。     

AWG结构的优化设计

通过分析AWG中心波导倾角特性,优化焦点间距,提出了两个结构约束方程,得出了结构紧凑的AWG设计方法.根据这一方法,可以由一定损耗条件下的最小弯曲半径和接口参数—接口处输入/输出波导间距和最短直波导长度,优化并完全确定其它结构参数,从而得到最小面积的AWG波导结构.最后给出了优化设计实例.     

聚合物/二氧化硅混合型无热化阵列波导光栅参量的优化

研究一种新型无热化聚合物/二氧化硅混合波导组成的硅基二氧化硅阵列波导光栅.阵列波导光栅对温度的依赖性受波导物质的折射率和波导芯的尺寸影响.通过调节这些参量就可以减小温度对阵列波导光栅的影响.优化得到混合型阵列波导光栅在温度20~70℃范围内波谱漂移小于常规型 AWG结构的5%.     

Impact of concatenated AWG filters in metro transparent network with DML

This paper studies the impact of concatenated AWG routers of metro transparent network with directly modulated lasers (DML). The wide bandwidth and central frequency shift of the directly modulated laser entail a large signal penalty, thereby limiting the allowable number of AWG routers in a metro network. The degradation caused by the concatenation of passband-flattened AWG is much lower than that of the conventional round-top AWG of the same number. Therefore the passband-flattened AWG has the largest allowable number in the metro network based on DML.