Ultra-broadband polarization splitter based on graphene layer-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber

An ultra-broadband polarization splitter based on graphene layer-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber(GDC-PCF)that can work in a wavelength range from 1120 nm to 1730 nm is proposed in this paper. Through optimizing fiber configuration, the polarization splitter has an extinction ratio of-56.3 dB at 1.55 μm with a fiber length of 4.8 mm.Compared with the photonic crystal fiber reported splitters, to our knowledge, the GDC-PCF splitter with the extinction ratio below-20 dB has a super wide bandwidth of 610 nm. Due to the excellent splitting characteristics, the GDC-PCF will be used in coherent optical communication systems in a wavelength range from infrared to mid-infraed.     

Design of a polarization splitter for an ultra-broadband dual-core photonic crystal fiber

A novel ultra-broadband polarization splitter based on a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) is designed. The full-vector finite element method and coupled-mode theory are employed to investigate the characteristics of the polarization splitter. According to the numerical results, a graphene-filled layer not only broadens the working bandwidth but also reduces the size of the polarization splitter. Furthermore, the fluorine-doped region and the germanium-doped region can broaden the bandwidth. Also, the 4.78 mm long polarization splitter can achieve an extinction ratio of -98.6 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. When extinction ratio is less than -20 dB, the range of the wavelength is 1027 nm-1723 nm with a bandwidth of 696 nm. Overall, the polarization splitter can be applied to all-optical network communication systems in the infrared and near-infrared wavelength range.     

A novel polarization splitter based on dual-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers

Highly birefringent dual-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) can be used as a polarization splitter because the orthogonal polarization modes with dissimilar coupling lengths are easily separated from each other. Different from the traditional methods achieving high birefringence, a new highly birefringent hybrid PCF that guides light by both index guiding and bandgap guiding is proposed. Firstly, a novel polarization splitter based on this kind of dual-core hybrid PCF is designed. The transmission modes, coupling lengths for the two orthogonal polarizations and performance of the proposed polarization splitter are investigated and numerically analyzed. The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a 4.72-mm-long polarization splitter. The splitting ratio is better than −20 dB in a large wavelength range of 1.53-1.72 μm. Its bandwidth is about 190 nm.     

Polarization beam splitter using a binary blazed grating coupler

A novel polarization beam splitter using a two-layer grating coupler is proposed and demonstrated. It can directly couple the normally incident light from fiber into two separate waveguides according to their polarization states while splitting them. It realizes high coupling efficiency and a good extinction ratio by using binary blazed grating couplers. The coupling length is less than 14 microm. The extinction ratio is better than 20 dB for both polarizations over a 40 nm wavelength range, and the coupling efficiencies for the two layers are 58% and 50%.     

Compact polarization rotator on silicon for polarization-diversified circuits

We demonstrate a polarization rotator based on adiabatic mode evolution on silicon for polarization-diversified circuits. The rotator has a device length of 420?μm, a polarization-conversion efficiency of more than 90%, and an insertion loss less than 1?dB for a wavelength range of 80?nm. Combining the rotator with a compact, broadband polarization beam splitter based on cascaded directional couplers enhances the polarization conversion extinction ratio to over 30?dB with less than 1.5?dB total insertion loss over a 60?nm spectral range.     

Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Self-Collimation Effect in Two-Dimensional Photonics Crystal

A photonic crystal polarization beam splitter based on the self-collimation effect is proposed. By means of the plane wave expansion method and the finite-difference time-domain method, we analyse the splitting mechanism in two alternative ways： performing a band gap structure analysis and simulating the field distribution. The results indicate that two beams of different polarizations can be split with an extinction ratio of nearly 20 dB in a wavelength range of POnm. The splitter may have practical applications in integrated photonic circuits.     

Theoretical simulation of a polarization splitter based on dual-core soft glass PCF with micron-scale gold wire

A polarization splitter based on dual-core soft glass photonic crystal fiber(PCF) filled with micron-scale gold wire is proposed. The characteristics of the polarization splitter are studied by changing the structural parameters of the PCF and the diameter of the gold wire with the finite element method(FEM). The simulation results reveal that the coupling length ratio of the soft glass-based PCF is close to 2 and the corresponding curve is more flat than that of the silica-based PCF.The broadband bandwidth is 226 nm in which the extinction ratio is lower than-20 d B by the soft glass-based PCF, i.e.,from 1465 nm to 1691 nm which is competitive in the reported polarization splitters, and the bandwidth is just 32 nm by the silica-based PCF. The insertion loss by our polarization splitter is just 0.00248 d B and 0.43 d B at the wavelength of 1.47 μm and 1.55 μm. The birefringence is obviously increased and the coupling length is decreased by filling gold wire into the soft glass-based or the silica-based PCF. Also the birefringence based on the silica-based PCF is much larger than that based on the soft glass-based PCF whether or not the gold wire is introduced. The fabrication tolerance of the polarization splitter is also considered by changing the structural parameters. The polarization splitter possesses broad bandwidth, low insertion loss, simple structure and high fabrication tolerance.     

An ultracompact hybrid plasmonic waveguide polarization beam splitter

We propose an ultracompact polarization beam splitter based on an asymmetric directional coupler, which comprises of a horizontally slotted waveguide and a hybrid plasmonic waveguide. The splitter is designed such that there is a large difference between the effective indices of the TE-polarized modes for the two waveguides, while the effective index difference between the TM-polarized modes are quite small in a wide wavelength range. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed splitter with a short device length of 5 μm shows extinction ratios as low as ?20 dB with bandwidths as great as 100 nm.     

A Continuously Tunable Erbium-Doped Fibre Laser Using Tunable Fibre Bragg Gratings and Optical Circulator

A continuously tunable erbium-doped fibre laser （TEDFL） based on tunable fibre Bragger grating （TFBG） and a three-port optical circulator （OC） is proposed and demonstrated. The OC acts as a 100%-reflective mirror. A strain-induced uniform fibre Bragger grating （FBG） which functions as a partial-reflecting mirror is implemented in the linear cavity. By applying axial strain onto the TFBG, a continuously tunable lazing output can be realized. The wavelength tuning range covers approximately 7.00nm in C band （from 1543.6161 to 1550.3307nm）. The side mode suppression ratio （SMSR） is better than 50 dB, and the 3 dB bandwidth of the laser is less than 0.01 nm. Moreover, an array waveguide grating （AWG） is inserted into the cavity for wavelength preselecting, and a 50 km transmission experiment was performed using our TEDFL at a 10 Gb/s modulation rate.     

Suspended bridge-like silica 2×2 beam splitter on silicon

We report a successful experimental realization of a 2×2 suspended silica splitter integrated on a silicon substrate. The silica splitter was photo-lithographically patterned, etched, and reflowed to form the suspended and rounded silica waveguide channels. The silica splitter showed a flat splitting ratio and excess loss over a wide wavelength range from 1520 to 1630 nm with a low crosstalk. Additionally, as a result of the very low nonlinear coefficients of silica, the splitting ratio is independent of input power.     

特种非对称低损耗1×5光分路器

设计和优化了一种新型低损耗、低偏振的基于二氧化硅的特种非对称1×5光分路器.在设计Y分支结构时,输入端采用缓变展宽波导结构和直波导过渡波导相结合的结构,此结构可以使输入光场缓慢展宽,进行分束前的准备,大大减小分支结构的辐射损耗和模式转换损耗.非对称1×5光分路器第一个端口输出功率占50%,第二至五端口输出功率占50%.利用三维光束传播法模拟和优化了特种非对称1×5光分路器,模拟结果表明,该结构具有均匀性好、器件尺寸小、低损耗和低偏振等优点,1×5光分路器在1 250~1 650 nm波长范围内,第一个输出端口附加损耗小于0.07 dB,均匀性小于0.023 dB,偏振相关损耗小于0.009 dB,第二到五端口附加损耗小于0.45 dB,均匀性小于0.41 dB,偏振相关损耗小于0.06 dB.     

八边形晶格双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

分别以碲玻璃和SF6玻璃作为基质材料,设计制作了一种基于双折射效应的新型八边形晶格双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器。应用全矢量有限元法（FEM）分析了碲玻璃和SF6两种双芯光子晶体光纤中结构参数对双折射和相对耦合长度特性的影响,数值模拟了碲玻璃和SF6两种偏振分束器的性能。结果表明：在碲玻璃和SF6两种双芯光子晶体光纤中,增大椭圆率可同时增加结构的双折射和相对耦合长度,与SF6玻璃偏振分束器相比较,碲玻璃偏振分束器具有更高的消光比和更大的带宽,即在工作波长为1.55 μm处,消光比达到最小值-53.46 dB,且消光比小于-20 dB的带宽为120 nm。     

Polarization rotator-splitter covering full optical communication bands based on L-shaped cross-section waveguide

We propose an ultra-broadband and fabrication-tolerant polarization rotator-splitter(PRS) based on a waveguide with an L-shaped cross section and a Y-junction. The proposed PRS is based on the 220 nm siliconon-insulator platform, and it shows less than 0.27 dB insertion losses and larger than 14 dB polarization extinction ratios over a wavelength range from 1200 to 1700 nm. To the best of our knowledge, the PRS working in the whole optical communication band is proposed for the first time.     

Splitting-on-demand optical power splitters using multimode interference (MMI) waveguide with programmed modulations

Reconfigurable multi-channel optical power splitter is proposed and its optical properties are calculated. The device can dynamically reconfigure the number of splitting channels by providing programmed refractive index modulations on a multimode interference (MMI) waveguide. A reconfigurable 3-channel optical power splitter is designed to work as 1 × 1, 1 × 2 or 1 × 3 optical power splitter depending on the state of the heat electrodes using thermo-optic modulation, and the input light can be distributed to three output channels with sequential orders. The device can work in the whole C-band (1530-1565 nm) with extinction ratio better than −29.0 dB, excess loss better than −0.45 dB, imbalance better than 0.08 dB and polarization dependent loss (PDL) better than 0.14 dB. The design conception is scalable to a multi-channel splitting-on-demand optical power splitter which can divide input light to 1, 2, …, N output channels equally by using the 3-channel reconfigurable optical power splitter as a building block.     

32-channel arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer using low loss fluorinated polymer operating around 1550 nm

A 32 × 32 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer operating around the 1550 nm wavelength has been designed and fabricated using highly fluorinated polyethers. The propagation loss of the slab waveguide is about 0.3 dB/cm at 1550 nm wavelength. The channel spacing of the AWG multiplexer is 0.8 nm (100 GHz). The insertion loss of the multiplexer is 10.3-15.3 dB and the crosstalk is less than −20 dB.     

TE/TM-mode pass polarizers and splitter based on an asymmetric twin waveguide and resonant coupling

A new passive TE/TM-mode polarization filter for an InP system based on an asymmetric twin waveguide and resonant coupling is investigated. Linear taper sections with different taper angles are introduced to couple between the two vertically separated waveguides. The underlying waveguide is designed to enable direct edge coupling from an optical fiber. At a wavelength of 1.55?μm power extinction ratios of 20 dB for the TE- and more than 10 dB for the TM-polarization are reported for devices shorter than 400?μm. An increased extinction ratio can be obtained by concatenating structures. Furthermore, we show this concept can be expanded to a polarization splitter.     

A surface-plasmon-polariton wavelength splitter based on a metal–insulator–metal waveguide

A surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) wavelength splitter based on a metal–insulator–metal waveguide with multiple teeth is proposed. Using the transfer-matrix method, a plasmonic band gap is identified in the multiple-toothed structure, and the splitting wavelength of the SPP splitter can be easily adapted by adjusting the widths of the teeth and the gaps. The proposed wavelength splitter is further verified through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, in which SPPs with incident wavelengths of 756 nm and 892 nm are successfully split and guided in opposite directions in the waveguide, with extinction ratios of 30 dB and 29 dB, respectively.     

Ultracompact and silicon-on-insulator-compatible polarization splitter based on asymmetric plasmonic–dielectric coupling

An ultracompact and silicon-on-insulator-compatible polarization splitter (PS) is proposed by utilizing asymmetric directional coupling between a hybrid plasmonic waveguide and a strip dielectric waveguide. Owing to the plasmon-assisted asymmetry, birefringence is highly enhanced. Polarization splitting can be realized by strong coupling of one polarization while the other polarization is phase-mismatched. As an example, a PS based on strong TM coupling is demonstrated at the wavelength of 1.55 μm with a coupling length of 4.13 μm. Extinction ratios are 20.9 and 16.4 dB for TM and TE polarizations, respectively. The device is also broadband and fabrication-tolerant.     

Fabrication of Triplexers Based on Flattop SOI AWG

A triplexer is fabricated based on SOI arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths of the triplexer operate at different diffraction orders of an arrayed waveguide grating. The signals of 1490nm and 1550nm, which are input from central input waveguide of an AWG, are demultiplexed and the signal of 131Onto, which is input from central output waveguide of an AWG, is uploaded. The tested results show that the downloaded and uploaded signals have fiat-top response. The insertion loss is 9 dB on chip, the nonadjacent crosstalk is less than -30 dB for 1490nm and 1301 nm, and is less than -25 dB for 1550nm, the 3dB bandwidth equates that of the input light source.     

聚合物阵列波导光栅的大范围电-光波长调谐滤波器

从阵列波导光栅的光栅方程入手,分析了聚合物阵列波导光栅采用电.光效应进行波长调谐的原理,提出了具有单推挽结构和双推挽结构的电.光波长可调谐滤波器.并用Optiwave软件分别对无推挽结构和推挽结构波长调谐器进行了计算机仿真.结果表明:当外加电压从－100 V 增加到+100 V 时,前者的波长调谐范围约为5 nm,而后者中,单推挽结构的波长调谐范围为约10 nm,双推挽结构的波长调谐范围可达20 nm.