一种基于形成杂多核络合物的荧光增敏效应的研究 Ⅲ.锰(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)的混合荧光增敏及其连续测定

本文研究了Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)对7-(8-羟基-3,6-二磺基萘偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-硼砂反应体系的混合荧光增敏作用。实验条件下,荧光增敏强度满足线性加和关系的范围是:Mn~(2+)浓度0～2.9×10~(-7)mol/L;Co~(2+)浓度0～8.8×10~(-7)mol/L;总浓度不超过1.0×10~(-6)mol/L。检出限量为Mn~(2+)4.5×10~(-9)mol/L和Co~(2+)1.4×10~(-8)mol/L。实现了Mn~(2+)和Co~(2+)的连续测定。     

吸附溶出催化伏安法测定人参中的锗

本文提出了利用吸附溶出催化伏安法测定人参中锗的方法。最佳体系为:2.5×10~(-2)mol/LH_2O_2、2.0×10~(-2)mol/L邻苯二酚、2.0×10~(-3)mol/L H_2SO_4。线性范围为2.0×10~(-9)～2.0×10~(-7)mol/L。当富集时间为4 min时,最低检测浓度为4.0×10~(-10)mol/L。此法己成功地应用于测定人参中的锗。     

三维荧光光谱法连续测定苯胺、二苯胺和N-甲基苯胺

本文比较了苯胺、二苯胺、N-甲基苯胺的二维荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱。提出了同时测定苯胺,二苯胺和N甲基苯胺的分析方法,它们的浓度分别在2.0×10~(-7)～5.0×10~(-6)mol/L,9.0×10~(-8)～7.4×10~(-6)mol/L,1.3×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-8)mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,8.0×10~(-9)mol/L,1.0×10~(-7)mol/L.相对标准偏差分别为5％,7％,7％.此方法用于混合样品和工业废水的分析,获得较满意的结果.     

离子选择电极法测定污水中微量氰根

AgI固体膜氟离子选择电极,以0.1mol L KNO_3和0.01mol L NaOH为TISAB,电板对CN的线性响应范围为1.0×10~(?)—1.0×10~2mol L,检测下限为9.0×10~(-7)mol L。在常见的17种离于中,Ag~+、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(3-)、S~2和1对测定有影响。本文提出以离子交换法分离阳离子,以PbCO_3为沉淀剂分离S~2,采用在pH5.0时的电位测定值扣除I的干扰。     

水介质中二甲基姜黄素脂质体对金属离子的荧光识别

通过薄膜分散法制备二甲基姜黄素(ASC-J9)脂质体,其粒径分布均匀且在水中的分散效果好,平均粒径为145. 7 nm,分散系数为0. 361。将ASC-J9脂质体作为水溶性的荧光探针,通过荧光猝灭法可选择性识别Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)及Cu~(2+)。经过条件筛选得到最佳荧光测试条件为:ASC-J9脂质体浓度为5. 0×10~(-5)mol/L,平衡时间5 min,测试温度25℃。由Job's曲线和荧光滴定结果判断该探针与Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)的络合比均为1∶1,与Fe~~(2+)的络合比为2∶1; Stern-Volmer方程判断该荧光猝灭类型为静态猝灭,结合常数分别为KFe(Ⅲ)=9. 63×10~4L/mol,KFe(Ⅱ)=3. 65×10~5L/mol,KCu(Ⅱ)=2. 32×10~5L/mol;该识别体系检测快速、灵敏度高,对Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的线性范围分别为:5. 0×10~(-7)~3. 0×10~(-5)、5. 0×10~(-7)~1. 75×10~(-5)、5. 0×10~(-7)~2. 5×10~(-5)mol/L,检出限分别为6. 41×10~(-7)、3. 28×10~(-7)、5. 08×10~(-7)mol/L。     

Nafion—玻碳修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量铋的研究

研究并提出在HNO_3-NaCl-硫脲(Tu)体系中,Nafion/玻碳(Gc)修饰电极阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量鉍的方法。表明Tu具络合协同作用,使Nation阳离子交换能力提高。本法检出限为5×10~(-9)mol/L Bi~(3+)(td:5min),电极表面易于再生,文中研究了电极过程机理,计算得[Bi(Tu)_6]~(3+)在Nafion膜中的分配系数(K_D),扩散系数(D)和选择性系数(K_H~[Bi(Tu)_6~+]~(3+))分别为7.57×10~5,5.9×10~(-11)cm~2/s及3.39。     

镝-六氟乙酰丙酮-三辛基氧化膦-Triton X-100荧光体系的研究

本文研究了镝-六氟乙酰丙酮-三辛基氧化膦-Triton X-100荧光体系,确定了最佳试验条件。试验表明,Dy~(3+)在6.0×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-5)mol/l范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,其检出限为2.0×10~(-7)mol/l。该体系已用于测定混合稀土样品中的痕量镝,结果令人满意。     

铜—四（4—甲氧基—3—磺酸苯基）卟啉配合物吸附伏安法的研究

铜-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸苯基)卟啉络合物在0.1mol/L KOH溶液中,在-1.25V(vs.SCE)有一灵敏的吸附还原峰,峰高与Cu~(2+)浓度在3.1×10~(-9)～1.5×10~(-7)mol/L范围内呈线性关系。检出限达8×10~(-10)mol/L(富集2min)。本文详细讨论了测定铜的最佳条件,并对试剂及其铜络合物在悬汞电极上的伏安特性和吸附行为作了探讨。此法用于工业硫酸锌盐中微量铜的测定,结果与光度法、原子吸收法一致。     

痕量硫代硫酸根的示波极谱法测定

在Fe~(2+)-NO_2~--VC体系中,在单扫示波极谱仪上,有一很灵敏的S_2O_3~(2-)阴极波,峰电位为-0.37伏(vs. SCE)。阴极导数波高与S_2O_3~(2-)浓度在6×10~(-8)mol/L—1×10~(-6)mol/L之间成线性关系,出限为5×10~(-8)mol/L。该法可用于环境水中痕量S_2O_3~(2-)的测定。该波具有吸附性质,系三元络合物Fe·S_2O_3-No催化溶解氧还原所致。     

肌酐-铜(Ⅱ)体系的电化学氧化及分析应用

肌酐能够和Cu~(2+)生成络合物,该络合物可以吸附于玻碳电极表面,在pH3.50的NH_4Cl-HCl底液中,吸附于电极表面的肌酐-Cu~(2+)络合物在较负的电位下还原为肌酐-Cu~+,当电极向正向扫描时,产生一个灵敏的表面催化波,其峰电流和肌酐的浓度在1.0×10~(-5)～1.0×10~(-8)mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,其检出限为1.0×10~(-9)mol/L(富集5min).研究了肌酐-Cu~(2+)络合物在玻碳电极上的氧化还原机理,选择了测定肌酐的最佳实验条件,建立了测定肌酐的新的灵敏的方法.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。