丙烯酸及其接枝物对纳米CaCO3/PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

制备了丙烯酸(AA)及其接枝聚丙烯(PP—g-AA)改性的纳米CaC03／PP复合材料。用DSC研究了纳米CaCO3对PP、PP-g-A和AA对纳米CaCO3／PP中PP结晶与熔融行为的影响。结果表明：随纳米CaCO3用量增加，PP结晶与熔融温度提高，PP—g—AA加入使PP结晶温度进一步提高，PP的结晶温度也随从用量增加而提高；在过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)存在下，少量AA能明显提高PP的结晶温度，但增加从用量对结晶温度的影响较小；WAXD证实纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料中存在β晶。     

聚丙烯基纳米碳纤维复合材料结晶行为研究

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米碳纤维对PP／CNF复合材料中PP结晶行为的影响。结果表明：纳米碳纤雏可提高PP的结晶温度，但略降低其结晶速率和结晶度。提高纳米碳纤雏含量或减小纳米碳纤雏直径，PP结晶行为的上述变化更为明显，但结晶速率随纳米碳纤维含量出现先减小后增大的趋势。     

纳米CaCO_3/相容剂/PP中的界面相互作用研究

采用不同相容剂(PP-g-MAH、POE-g-MAH和EVA-g-MAH)制备了不同界面相互作用的纳米CaCO3(CC)/相容剂/PP体系,研究了相容剂/PP和相容剂/CC界面相互作用对PP/CC的结晶形态、结晶行为、熔融特性和力学性能的影响.观察到PP/CC界面相互作用提高PP结晶温度和PP/CC的模量和冲击强度,但降低了屈服强度.相容剂/CC界面相互作用进一步提高了PP/CC的结晶温度.PP/相容剂界面相互作用取决于PP与相容剂相容性.PP/PP-g-MAH相容性高有利于提高PP/CC的异相成核作用和PP/CC屈服强度和模量,但降低冲击强度.PP/POE-g-MAH部分相容对相容剂/CC界面的异相成核作用、PP/CC屈服强度和模量影响不大,可明显提高冲击强度.但PP/EVA-g-MAH不相容导致PP/CC冲击强度明显降低.     

大分子相容剂改性Mg(OH)2/PP阻燃材料的性能

用双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出法制备了相容剂改性氢氧化镁/聚丙烯[Mg(OH)2/PP]阻燃材料。研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MA),马来酸酐接枝(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物(POE-g-MA)和马来酸酐接枝聚醋酸乙烯酯(EVA-g-MA)3种大分子相容剂对阻燃材料的熔体流动性、结晶行为、力学性能和断口形态的影响。结果表明:相容剂PP-g-MA和POE-g-MA的加入使阻燃材料的熔体流动速率降低,PP结晶温度提高,EVA-g-MA的加入使阻燃材料熔体流动速率数提高;Mg(OH)2对PP结晶存在异相成核作用,Mg(OH)2的加入使PP的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低,杨氏模量提高;相容剂改性后Mg(OH)2/PP阻燃材料的拉伸强度提高,其中以PP-g-MA最为明显,而POE-g-MA则提高了阻燃材料的冲击强度。     

新型CNBR/PP全交联型热塑性弹性体的制备与形态、结构及性能研究

将具有纳米尺度的全交联型羧基丁腈粉末橡胶(CNBR)与聚丙烯(PP)及用甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)官能化的聚丙烯(PP—g—GMA)进行反应共混，制备了一种新型CNBR／PP热塑性弹性体，用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了CNBR／PP热塑性弹性体的形态，加入PP—g—GMA增容剂后，CNBR分散相的粒子尺寸显著降低，分布也趋于均，与未增容体系相比，增容体系的拉仲强度和断裂仲长率均有大幅度的改善，如CNBR含量为75％时，拉仲强度提高了94％，断裂仲长率增加了136％，用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了热塑性弹性体中聚丙烯的结晶行为，在增容体系中，共混前后聚丙烯的结晶温度提高了10℃，表明橡胶粒子或两相界面处形成的反应产物起到了类似成核剂的作用。     

聚丙烯/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的结晶动力学研究

采用热分析方法，研究了聚丙烯／纳米蒙脱土复合材料（PP／CLAY）的等温结晶行为，并分别用Avrami方程和赵志英方法对所得数据进行了分析，研究结果表明，纳米蒙脱土微粒对聚丙烯等温和非等温结晶行为均有不同程度的影响，可提高聚丙烯的结晶速率并改善结晶结构。     

聚丙烯/PMMA/CaCO3纳米复合材料的制备、结构与力学性能

分别将经不同表面处理的纳米碳酸钙粒子与聚合物PP共混,制备PP／CaCO3和PP／PMMA／CaCO3纳米复合材料。用TEM观察了表面处理后纳米粒子的粒径与分散情况,发现复合粒子分散较均匀。用DSC与WAXD研究了复合材料的结晶行为,发现原位聚合制备的PMMA／CaCO3纳米复合粒子与PP共混后,PP有异相成核作用,出现了不稳定的PPβ晶型。PP／PMMA／CaCO3纳米复合材料力学性能有大幅度的提高。     

聚丙烯/累托石纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

在双螺杆挤出机上熔融共混制备了聚丙烯 (PP) 有机累托石 (OREC)纳米复合材料 ,采用广角X 射线衍射 (WAXD)定性地分析了PP OREC纳米复合材料及纯PP的结晶形态 ,由半峰宽定性地判断了对应晶面法向的晶粒的大小 .结果表明有机累托石没有改变聚丙烯的结晶晶型 (纳米复合材料主要还是α晶型 ) ,但是细化了晶粒的尺寸 .采用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)定量地研究了复合材料的非等温熔融结晶动力学 ,对所得数据分别用Jeziorny法的Mo法进行了处理 ,表明非等温结晶动力学参数Zc 及Avrami指数n随冷却速率的增加而增加 ,复合材料的Avrami指数n大于纯PP的n ;对相同配比的纳米复合材料 ,随着结晶度的增加 ,单位结晶时间里达到一定结晶度所需要的降温速率F(T)增大 ,对同一个设定的结晶度 ,纳米复合材料的F(T)比纯PP的小 ,说明需要的降温速率减小 .所有这些均说明有机累托石可作为聚丙烯的结晶成核剂 .     

官能团化聚丙烯对Mg(OH)2/PP结晶与熔融行为的影响

制备了官能团化聚丙烯改性Mg(OH)2/PP复合材料，并用DSC研究了改性PP，Mg(OH)2/PP和改性Mg/(OH)2/PP中PP的结晶与熔融行为，官能团化PP（FPP），丙烯酸（AA）和Mg(OH)2都能提高PP的结晶温度，归结于异相成核作用，AA和FPP加入进一步使Mg(OH)/PP中PP结晶温度提高，但AA用量增加对PP结晶温度无影响。     

表面接枝改性纳米二氧化硅填充聚丙烯的结晶行为

应用差示扫描量热方法研究了纳米二氧化硅 (SiO2 )及其表面接枝改性对聚丙烯 (PP)结晶过程、等温与非等温结晶动力学的影响 ,并研究了上述等温结晶的熔融行为和平衡熔点 .研究发现纳米SiO2 具有明显的异相成核效应 ,能够提高PP的结晶温度、熔融温度、结晶度和结晶速率 ,但降低聚丙烯结晶的完善程度 .粒子的表面接枝处理 ,因改善了粒子与基体的亲和性而有利于粒子成核效应的提高 ,而且此效应尚与粒子的分散相关     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。