高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定水产品中红霉素的残留

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定水产品中红霉素残留量的方法.以红霉素同位素标记物(Erythromycin, N,N-Dimethyl-13C2)为内标,样品用乙腈提取,经正己烷去脂、HLB固相萃取柱净化后,内标法定量.红霉素在添加浓度1.0～20.0 μg/kg范围内,回收率为87.0%～97.8%;日内精密度为3.2%～9.2%;日间精密度为1.3%～4.8%;方法线性范围为1.0～100 μg/L;检出限为1.0 μg/kg.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中的三种硝基咪唑类残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中甲硝唑(MTZ)、二甲硝唑(DMZ)和洛硝哒唑3(RNZ)种硝基咪唑类残 留的方法。使用氢氧化钠溶液溶解样品后,以乙酸乙酯液液萃取提取蜂王浆样品中的硝基咪唑类残留物。该法简便快捷, 适合大批量样品处理。采用氘代二甲硝唑作为内标和利用高选择性反应监测(H-RSM)技术,降低了基质干扰,增加了定量的 准确性。实验结果表明DMZ检测下限可以达到1.0 μg/kg,MTZ和RNZ检测下限可以达到0.5 μg/kg（S/N大于5）;DMZ 定量下限可以达到2.0 μg/kg,MTZ和RNZ定量下限可以达到1.0 μg/kg（S/N大于10）。线性范围为2.0～200 μg/L, 添加回收率为96.6%~110.6%(内标校正),相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.1%~7.4%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中头孢噻肟及其主要代谢物残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法同时测定鸡蛋中头孢噻肟及其代谢物去乙酰头孢噻肟残留量的检测方法.样品经乙腈-水(9∶1, V/V)提取,正己烷除脂,C18固相分散萃取除杂,Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)分离,以0.2%(V/V)甲酸-乙腈为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,目标物采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量.结果表明,头孢噻肟和去乙酰头孢噻肟分别在1.0~143.0 μg/L和1.0~120.0 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(R.2>0.999).方法检出限(LOD, S/N=3)分别为0.07和0.14 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)分别为0.23和0.99 μg/kg. 在5.0、50.0和100.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,头孢噻肟和去乙酰头孢噻肟的回收率分别为83.1%~103.0%和88.2%~101.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)均介于2.0%~6.2%.实际样品测定结果表明,本方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确, 可用于鸡蛋中头孢噻肟及去乙酰头孢噻肟的残留分析检测.     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定鸡组织中甲基盐霉素残留量

建立了鸡组织中甲基盐霉素的高效液相色谱柱后衍生化分析方法.样品经异辛烷提取,离心后上层有机相过硅胶固相萃取小柱,洗脱液浓缩后用V(甲醇)∶ V(水)=90∶ 10混合液溶解.采用Inertsil ODS-3 C18柱,以V(甲醇): V(乙酸)∶ V(水)=94∶ 3∶ 3为流动相,香草醛为衍生剂进行高效液相色谱柱后衍生分析,520 nm检测,外标法定量.方法检出限为6 μg/kg; 定量限为20 μg/kg; 添加浓度在20～1800 μg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为76.4%～93.1%; 批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.6%～8.9%之间; 批间相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.7%～9.7%之间.样品浓度在0.07～10.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r>0.9993.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鳗鱼和虾中残留的33种喹诺酮和磺胺类药物

建立了鳗鱼和虾中33种喹诺酮类(QNs)和磺胺类(SAs)药物残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈萃取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用LC-MS/MS选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定,同时对鳗鱼和虾中的33种QNs和SAs进行定性和定量。33种QNs和SAs的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为2.0 μg/kg;在10.0～200.0 μg/L时目标物的峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.99);平均回收率为66%～123%。该法简便快捷,降低了分析成本,也在一定程度上实现了药物残留的快速检测。     

稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定植物油中16种真菌毒素

建立了稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法简单、快速、高效地检测植物油中16种真菌毒素的方法。植物油经乙腈-水-乙酸(84∶15∶1,V/V)提取并离心后,上清液用水1∶1(V/V)稀释,高速低温离心去除油脂,过膜后,加入稳定同位素内标补偿基质效应干扰,以五氟苯色谱柱为分离柱,用甲醇和含有0.1%(V/V)甲酸的1 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测,内标标准曲线法定量测定植物油中的16种真菌毒素。16种真菌毒素的线性相关系数均大于0.9994,检出限为0.1~66.7μg/kg,定量限为0.3~200.0μg/kg。4种不同植物油基质中,3个浓度水平的加标回收率为74.2%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~13.9%。采用本方法检测了市售38个植物油样品中的真菌毒素。本方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于植物油中16种真菌毒素的快速准确检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中泰拉霉素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉样品中新型兽药泰拉霉素残留的方法.样品用V(甲醇): V(0.1% H3PO4)=70: 30混合溶液提取,经离心后用PCX固相萃取小柱净化, 以SymmetryC8色谱柱为分离柱,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量.方法的线性范围为10～500 μg/kg,检出限为5.0 μg/kg,在3个浓度水平(10,20和50 μg/kg)进行添加实验,平均回收率为93.1%～105.5%; 批内相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.6%; 批间相对标准偏差为1.8 %～5.6%.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定红茶和绿茶中7种硫代氨基甲酸酯类除草剂

建立了红茶和绿茶中7种硫代氨基甲酸酯类除草剂(禾草敌、克草敌、灭草敌、野麦畏、禾草丹、茵草敌和丁草敌)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法.样品制备后,取2.0 g样品,加6 mL水浸润1 h.然后加入2.5 g NaCl,并用20 mL乙腈分两次进行提取,提取液吹氮浓缩后过HLB柱,并用3 mL乙腈洗脱.洗脱液浓缩后用2.0 mL正己烷-丙酮(7∶ 3,V/V)溶解残渣,然后过Envi-Carb固相萃取柱,再用5 mL正己烷-丙酮洗脱,洗脱液浓缩后用乙腈-水(5∶ 5,V/V)定容.采用LC-MS/MS电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式对样品进行分析.以D_3-甲萘威为内标,测定7种硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂的线性范围为0～200 μg/L,线性相关系数在0.9954～0.9988范围内,检出限在0.093～1.77 μg/L范围内.在添加浓度5～20 μg/kg范围内,7种硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂的回收率均在77.3%～91.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%.本方法被成功用于红茶和绿茶样品中硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂的测定.     

固相萃取-液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查与确证谷物和果蔬中25种杀菌剂残留

利用固相萃取-液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(SPE-LC-Q-TOF/MS)技术建立了谷物、 蔬菜和水果中25种杀菌剂农药残留的快速筛查和确证检测方法.样品经1%(V/V)乙酸-乙腈溶液提取,经Crabon/NH2柱净化,乙腈-甲苯(3∶1, V/V)洗脱,C18色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1% 甲酸溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)梯度洗脱,采用LC-Q-TOF/MS检测,外标法定量.建立了25种杀菌剂的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、 保留时间、 同位素峰分布、 同位素比例等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,在无对照标准品的情况下实现了25种农药的定性鉴定.结果表明,25种杀菌剂在0.02~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2≥0.9950, 加标回收率在71.8%~114.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.1%~21.3% (n=3).25种杀菌剂检出限为0.01~5.00 μg/kg,定量限为0.02~20.00 μg/kg.本方法简便、 快速、 可靠,可用于谷物、 蔬菜、 水果中25种杀菌剂的快速筛查.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法同时测定水产品中15种喹酮类药物残留量

建立了水产品中15种喹诺酮类药物(QNs)残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈萃取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用HPLC-MS/MS选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定,内标法定量。可同时对水产品中的15种QNs进行定性和定量测定。15种QNs的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为2.0μg/kg;在10.0～200.0ng/mL时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r0.99)。方法的平均回收率范围为66%～121%。该法简便快捷,分析成本低,在一定程度上实现了药物残留的快速检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.