分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定谷物、蔬菜、水果中27种新型杀菌剂

建立了同时检测谷物、蔬菜和水果中27种新型杀菌剂的分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(DSPE-LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经1%(体积分数)乙酸丙酮溶液提取,以无水硫酸镁(MgSO_4)脱水,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、C_(18)、无水MgSO_4、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)混合净化剂净化,经C_(18)色谱柱分离,用乙腈和体积分数为0.1%的甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式扫描,采用外标法定量。噻呋酰胺和氯啶菌酯在20.47~200μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,其他25种新型杀菌剂在0.02~100μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R~2≥0.995 0,加标回收率为70.02%~117.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.01%~19.62%(n=3)。噻呋酰胺和氯啶菌酯的检出限为6.15~16.67μg/kg,定量限为20.47~55.5μg/kg。其他25种新型杀菌剂的检出限为0.006~4.44μg/kg,定量限为0.02~14.79μg/kg。该方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于谷物、蔬菜、水果中27种新型杀菌剂的快速测定。     

QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱法高通量筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素

建立了QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱同时快速筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids, GCs)的高通量方法.样品经乙腈提取,改进的QuEChERS法净化,待测物选用具有多重色谱保留机理的新型色谱柱Poroshell 120 PFP (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm),以0.2% (V/V)乙酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾离子源的正离子模式下建立了一级精确质量数及二级碎片离子质谱图数据库,无需标准品即可完成化妆品中86种GCs的全面筛查与确证.所有待测物在2~200 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99, 3个添加水平的平均回收率为66.2%~112.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%~13.9%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3) 为0.006~0.015 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.02~0.05 mg/kg.本方法简便高效、定性可靠、定量准确,适用于化妆品中非法添加GCs的高通量筛查.     

液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查与确证紫甘蓝中415种农药残留

应用液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF/MS)建立了一次进样可同时对紫甘蓝中415种农药残留进行快速筛查和准确确证的分析方法。实验采用1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈溶液提取,无水硫酸镁和氯化钠进行盐析,ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙腈为二元流动相进行梯度洗脱,应用LC-QTOF/MS在电喷雾电离、全离子MS/MS(All Ions MS/MS)扫描正模式下进行检测,基质匹配外标法定量分析。通过优化全自动MS/MS采集模式(Auto MS/MS)和全离子MS/MS采集模式下的不同参数,得到每种采集模式下的最佳条件。然后在2种不同采集模式的最佳条件下对比,最终选取All Ions MS/MS采集模式。实验结果表明,采用所建立的分析方法可以准确定性和定量筛查紫甘蓝中415种农药残留,所有415种农药在各自的范围内线性相关系数(r²)均大于0.990,其中411种农药的筛查限(SDL)≤5 μg/kg, 413种农药的定量限(LOQ)≤10 μg/kg。在1倍、2倍和10倍LOQ添加水平下,农药的回收率分别为65.7%~118.4%、72.0%~118.8%和70.2%~111.2%,相对标准偏差分别为0.9%~19.7%、0.2%~19.9%和0.6%~19.9%。将该方法应用于2019年欧盟能力验证项目的紫甘蓝样品中未知农药残留筛查方法和定量方法考核样的检测,所有添加农药均被准确定性筛查和定量检测,没有假阳性和假阴性。结果表明,该方法快速、准确、可靠,适用于对紫甘蓝中多种农药残留的高通量定性筛查和准确定量,可以扩展到其他果蔬基质中多农残的高通量筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查茶叶中的204种农药残留

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术建立了茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查和确证检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Carb-PSA固相萃取小柱净化,用乙腈-甲苯(3:1, v/v)洗脱,采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS检测,外标法定量。建立了204种农药的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间、同位素比值等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,从而在无对照标准品的情况下完成了204种农药的定性鉴定。结果表明,该方法可以同时对茶叶中204种农药残留进行快速筛查,在10、20、50 μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为68.1%~117.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~18.9%。定量限均小于10 μg/kg。采用本方法对4份阳性样品进行检测,所得结果与GB/T 23205-2008的检测结果基本一致。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于茶叶中204种农药残留的快速筛查。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法测定水中4种杀菌剂

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱方法检测水中4种杀菌剂(嘧菌酯、戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌酯). 水样中的杀菌剂经HLB固相萃取柱富集后,使用C18色谱柱分离,以高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)外标法定量分析. 同时考察pH值、洗脱溶剂、洗脱量等对杀菌剂萃取效果的影响. 试验结果表明,4种化合物在0.10~50.0 μg/L浓度范围内具有较好的线性关系,检出限在0.004~0.095 μg/L之间,回收率为68.7%~95.4%,相对标准偏差(n=5)低于10%. 方法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于水中4种杀菌剂的定量分析.     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留的方法和数据库。样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经在线净化柱(Cyclone-P)净化、富集后,以乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,待测物经C_(18)分析柱色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以正负同时扫描的Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。结果表明,212种农药在0.5~50μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998。方法的定量下限(LOQ)均可达到5μg/kg。通过实际样品的加标回收试验,212种农药在10μg/kg的加标回收率为58.3%~129.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~16.0%。该方法利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片等多个定性信息可在无标准物质的情况下实现对果蔬中212种化合物的快速筛查与确证。     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱分析谷物及其制品中呕吐毒素及其衍生物和代谢物

建立了谷物及其制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、去环氧脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱( UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)定性确证和定量测定方法。样品经乙腈-水(84：16, V/V)混合溶液提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷除脂,HLB固相萃取柱净化,Waters Atlantis? T3色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.02%氨水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在负离子模式下,采用多反应监测( MRM)-信息依赖性采集( IDA)-增强子离子扫描( EPI)模式检测,在线EPI谱库定性分析,同位素内标定量,在1~300μg/L 浓度范围内,4种目标物的线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.3μg/kg,添加5,50和200μg/kg的3个浓度水平,4种目标物的平均回收率均在81.3%~101.7%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5%,将该技术应用于FAPAS阳性玉米质控样品和5种代表性的样品进行测试,结果表明,本方法简单、准确、快速,适用于谷物及其制品中呕吐毒素及其衍生物和代谢物的快速确证和定量测定。     

基质固相分散-反相高效液相色谱法测定水果中的氨基甲酸酯农药残留

应用基质固相分散-反相高效液相色谱法提取和测定了水果中三种氨基甲酸酯农药残留。通过实验确定了最佳前处理条件:弗罗里硅土作为萃取吸附剂,样品与吸附剂质量比为1∶4,洗脱剂为丙酮∶二氯甲烷=3∶7(V/V)的混合液,洗脱剂的体积为10 m L。在优化的实验条件下,三种氨基甲酸酯农药的检出限在0.02~0.62μg/g之间,测定的线性范围为0.20~40μg/g,相关系数在0.9957~0.9990之间。方法应用于检测水果样品时,平均加标回收率为80.4%~116.5%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~8.0%。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查辣椒粉中27种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）快速筛查辣椒粉中27种农药残留的检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Carb/NH₂固相萃取小柱净化,用乙腈-乙酸乙酯（3：1,v/v）洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式检测。在一级质谱模式下,以目标物的保留时间、精确质量数、同位素分布和同位素丰度比定性,以准分子离子峰的峰面积定量。在Targeted MS/MS模式下,通过相应碰撞能量下的离子碎片信息进一步确证。27种化合物在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997。27种化合物的定量限为2.5~5.0 μg/kg,在3个添加水平下的回收率为72.3%~118.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.21%~12.7%（n=6）。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于辣椒粉中多种农药残留的同时检测。     

滤过型萃取柱-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果中11种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水果中杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂等11种常见农药的方法.水果样品经乙腈提取,提取液经滤过型萃取柱(m-PFC)净化,正离子多反应模式(MRM)监测,外标法定量.水果中11种农药的检出限为1~3µg/kg,在1.0~100.0 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r不低于0.9969.在样品基质中分别添加5、20、50µg/kg的标准品进行加标回收试验,11种农药的平均回收率为88.9%~110.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~8.5%(n=6).方法操作简单、灵敏度高,能够准确测定水果中11种农药残留.     

Simultaneous determination of five strobilurin fungicides and the metabolite BF-500-3 in cereals,fruits and vegetables

A rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of five strobilurin fungicides and the metabolite BF-500-3 in cereals (maize and wheat), fruits (grape and apple) and vegetables (cucumber and tomato) was developed by a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The five strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin) and the metabolite BF-500-3 were extracted from six matrices using acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned up by dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using octadecylsilane (C₁₈) as sorbent prior to HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The determination of the six compounds was achieved in less than 6.0 min using an electrospray ionisation source in positive mode (ESI+). This method showed the linearity with the coefficients of determination (R²) higher than 0.9929. The limits of quantification (LOQs), defined as the lowest spiking level, were 5 μg/kg for all the fungicides in all matrices. Recovery studies were performed at three fortification levels (5, 10 and 100 μg/kg) and the overall average recoveries ranged from 76.9% to 114.2% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 13.6% for all the analytes. The method is demonstrated to be convenient and reliable for the routine monitoring of five strobilurin fungicides and the metabolite BF-500-3 in cereals, fruits and vegetables.     

Enantioselective determination of acylamino acid fungicides in vegetables and fruits by chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

An efficient and sensitive enantioselective method for simultaneous determination of three acylamino acid fungicides in vegetables and fruits was presented by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The three fungicides (benalaxyl, furalaxyl, and metalaxyl) residues in samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid and an aliquot was cleaned up with Si-(CH(2) )(3) -NH-(CH(2) )(2) -NH(2) and C(18) sorbent. Complete enantioseparation of three acylamino acid fungicides enantiomers was obtained under reversed-phase conditions on a cellulose tris (4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) column at 25°C using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution (45:55, v/v) as a mobile phase. The elution orders of the eluted enantiomers were determined by a circular dichroism (CD) detector. The linearity, matrix effect, recovery, and precision were evaluated. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.5-250 μg/L for each enantiomer in the standard solution and sample matrix calibration curves. There was no significant matrix effect for three fungicides determination based on the method. The inter-day mean recoveries, intra-day repeatability, and inter-day reproducibility varied from 81.3 to 95.7%, 2.2 to 9.4%, and 2.3 to 9.6%, respectively. The method provided high selectivity and sensitivity, and limits of quantification for enantiomers of three fungicides in vegetables and fruits were both 1 μg/kg.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂的残留量

建立了蔬菜、水果中啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺、嘧菌胺、双炔酰菌胺和硅噻菌胺6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测方法。试样经乙腈提取、Florisil固相萃取柱净化、以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱、结合新型核壳型填料色谱柱(Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈)分离,采用电喷雾正离子扫描、多反应监测模式质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:固相萃取结合新型色谱柱分离解决了酰胺类农药分析中基质效应强的难点问题。6种杀菌剂在0.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9990;对7种蔬菜及3种水果进行0.5、5和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平的回收试验,回收率为65%~124%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为1%~18%; 6种杀菌剂的方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.10~0.17 μg/kg。该净化、分离模式显著降低了蔬菜、水果中6种新型酰胺类农药的基质效应,方法简单准确,可满足蔬菜和水果中啶酰菌胺等6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留检测的要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定10种食品中四溴菊酯残留

建立了测定蔬菜、水果、茶叶、大豆等10种食品中四溴菊酯残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品以乙酸乙酯(蔬菜、水果、茶叶样品)或乙腈(大豆样品)为提取剂,上层有机相经浓缩、固相萃取小柱净化,流动相定容后,采用HPLC在Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18色谱柱上,以甲醇和缓冲盐溶液(0.1%甲酸-10 mmol/L乙酸铵)为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,以串联质谱在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明,四溴菊酯的质量浓度在20～1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8;在0.01、0.02、0.1 mg/kg(粮谷类、茶叶、大豆样品)和0.005、0.01、0.05mg/kg(果蔬类样品)加标水平下的回收率为75%～92%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为4.0%～12.6%(n=6),定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.01 mg/kg(粮谷类、茶叶、大豆样品)和0.005 mg/kg(果蔬类样品)。该方法不受溴氰菊酯干扰,可直接测定四溴菊酯,克服了以往方法只能测定四溴菊酯和溴氰菊酯总量的不足。     

Enantioselective determination of carboxyl acid amide fungicide mandipropamid in vegetables and fruits by chiral LC coupled with MS/MS

An efficient enantioselective method for the determination of mandipropamid in vegetables and fruits was presented by LC coupled with MS/MS. The mandipropamid residues in samples (potato, pepper, grape, and watermelon) were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. An aliquot was cleaned up with primary and secondary amine and C₁₈ sorbent. Complete enantioseparation of mandipropamid enantiomers in <4 min was obtained on a Lux Cellulose‐2 column at 25°C using methanol with 0.1% formic acid/0.1% aqueous formic acid solution (85:15, v/v) as mobile phase. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.5–250 μg/L for each enantiomer in the standard solution and sample matrix calibration curves. Quantification was achieved using matrix‐matched standard calibration curves. The interday mean recoveries, intraday repeatability, and inter‐day reproducibility varied from 76.4 to 97.1%, 3.4 to 9.4%, and 3.5 to 11.4%, respectively. The limits of quantification for mandipropamid enantiomers in vegetables and fruits were both 1 μg/kg. Moreover, the absolute configuration of mandipropamid enantiomers was determined by the combination of experimental and predicted electronic circular dichroism spectra, and the first eluted enantiomer was confirmed as (R)‐mandipropamid on five chiral columns.     

改良QuEChERS方法快速测定果蔬中8种新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂

建立了一种同时测定果蔬中啶酰菌胺、吡噻菌胺、吡唑萘菌胺、氟唑菌酰胺、联苯吡菌胺、氟唑环菌胺、氟唑菌苯胺和氟吡菌酰胺8种新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。通过比较乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）和十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂（C₁₈）两种分散固相萃取剂不同添加剂量下的吸附作用和净化效果,优化QuEChERS方法净化过程,以乙腈-0.1%（体积分数）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使8种目标化合物在Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱上分离,经电喷雾正/负双离子扫描、多反应监测模式质谱检测,外标法定量。8种目标化合物在0.5~500.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.2~1.7 μg/kg,定量限为0.5~5.0 μg/kg。各种目标化合物在8种基质中3个添加水平（5.0、25.0和125.0 μg/kg）下的回收率为71.4%~121.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.8%~17.2%。该方法操作简单、净化效果好,适用于果蔬中新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中四溴菊酯

建立了测定8种植物源食品中四溴菊酯残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品以乙酸乙酯为提取剂,经浓缩、净化,用流动相定容,采用高效液相色谱分离,以串联质谱在多反应监测模式下测定。结果表明,四溴菊酯质量浓度在20～1000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9998;在0.01、0.02和0.1 mg/kg(粮谷类样品)和0.005、0.01和0.05 mg/kg(果蔬类样品)添加水平下的回收率为81.6%～92.1%,相对标准偏差为4.0%～13%,定量限为0.01 mg/kg(粮谷类样品)和0.005 mg/kg(果蔬类样品)。     

Determination of spinosad in vegetables and fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and mass spectrometric detection after gel permeation chromatography and solid-phase extraction cleanup on a 2-layered column

A simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of spinosyns A and D, the active ingredients of spinosad, in vegetables and fruits, by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) and confirmation by mass spectrometry (MS); the method uses selected gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and a 2-layered column for solid-phase extraction system. An aliquot of the crude sample extract obtained by acetonitrile extraction is loaded into the GPC system. The fraction containing spinosyns A and D is selectively collected and loaded directly onto a 2-layered column consisting of graphitized carbon (upper layer) and cyclohexyl-bonded silica gel (lower layer). After the column is washed with the GPC mobile phase acetone-cyclohexane (3 + 7), the column is eluted with acetonitrile containing 2% triethylamine. The eluate is used for HPLC-UV/MS analysis. Average recoveries from fortified cabbage, green perilla, fig, and strawberry at analyte concentrations of 0.05 and 0.25 microg/g were >85%, and the relative standard deviations were <9%. The detection limits for spinosyns A and D in green perilla were 0.005 microg/g by UV detection and 0.001 microg/g by MS detection.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定食品中的抗倒胺残留量

建立了水果、蔬菜、茶叶、蜂蜜、粮谷和动物源性食品中抗倒胺残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷和十八烷基硅烷键合相基质分散净化后,用HPLC-MS/MS检测和确证,外标法定量。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。该方法通过建立基质标准曲线消除基质效应,抗倒胺在1～100 μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.998～0.999之间;样品中添加5、10、50 μg/kg的标准品,其添加回收率在85.2%～112.4%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.5%;检出限(LOD)在0.08～1.64 μg/kg之间,定量限(LOQ)在0.30～5.48 μg/kg之间。实验结果表明,该方法提取效果好,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。