汞胁迫下La(NO3)3对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养实验，研究了小麦幼苗在遭受汞胁迫后，镧对地上部及根系的生长和抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物产物MDA含量的影响。试验表明：小麦幼苗遭受汞胁迫的初期，镧对提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性的降低的含量有一定的正效应；但随胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长，镧与汞发生协同作用，不仅不能缓解汞对小麦幼苗的毒害，而且更加剧了汞对小麦幼苗的毒害。     

用计时电位法测定镧在铝液中的扩散系数

采用新的阳极溶解的计时电位法,测定了稀土金属镧在铝液中的扩散系数。在973K时,测得(Al)=(1.21±0.02)×15~(5)cm~2·s~(-1)。在953～1053K温度范围内,扩散系数与温度的关系为lgD_(La)(Al)=1.04×10~(-4)—4770/T,计算出扩散激活能Q=91.34KJ/mol。     

碲在汞中的扩散系数和溶解度

用阴极溶出计时安培法测定了碲在汞中的扩散系数和溶解度.在1 mol/L NH_3-NH_4 Cl和10~(-3)mol/L TeO_3~(2-)溶液中,用悬汞电极于-0.90 V进行预电解,使Te(Ⅳ)还原到元素Te.然后在另一个电解池中阴极溶出使Te还原为Te~(2-).阴极溶出是在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中,用计时安培法于-1.40 V测定.根据下列方程式计算了碲在汞中的扩散系数D及溶解度S:D=r_0~2/πt_0,S=(4nFπ~(3/2)D~(3/2)t_0)~(-1)(Δi_1/Δt~(-1/2).D和S的测定值分别为:1.52×10~(-5)cm~2/s及2.34×10~(-3)wt％.实验结果表明碲在汞中以单原子态存在.     

锂和钙在汞中的扩散系数测定

用汞阴极电解法制备锂汞齐和钙汞齐。用毛细管取－小滴汞齐挂洋电极上，以悬汞电极作荼电极，用计时安培法在－０．２Ｖ下测定了锂、钙在汞中的扩散系数。在２５℃下其值为ＤＬｉ＝（８．６５±０．１７）×１０＾－６ｃｍ＾２／ｓ；ＤＣａ＝（７．４３±０．１６）×１０＾－６ｃｍ＾２／ｓ。用Ｓｕｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄ－Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ扩散方程式计算了汞中扩散粒子半径，其值分别２４７ｐｍ和２８８ｐｍ。这些数值说明锂和钙都是以     

电位溶出法测定金属在汞中的扩散系数

本文提出电位溶出法作为一种测定金属在汞中的扩散系数的新方法。建立了该法的理论基础, 并用该法测定了10种金属在单一汞齐中的扩散系数和锌、镉在多元复合汞齐中的扩散系数。     

熔盐电解制取镧铜中间合金的研究

研究了铜电极在NaCl-KCl-LaCl_3熔体中的电化学行为,获知La~(3+)在铜电极上的还原过程是首先生成镧铜合金,然后才析出纯金属镧。对用自耗阴极法制取镧铜合金的工艺条件进行了探讨。电解制取了含镧高达90wt％的镧铜合金,其组成为LaCu_2和镧,电流效率可达85％,镧的回收率接近90％。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Copper in CuCI2 Silica Sol and Aqueous Solutions

采用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了CuCl2硅溶胶和水溶液中铜在玻碳电极上的电沉积和电结晶行为．结果表明在两种CuCl2电解质中，铜的电沉积分两个步骤完成，Cu^2＋还原为Cu^＋在硅溶胶中较水溶液中容易；采用吸附一成核模型解析电流一时间暂态曲线，并确定铜的电结晶机理为扩散控制下的连续成核三维生长（3DP），Cu^2＋在水溶液中的扩散系数较硅溶胶中的大，但相同电位下在硅溶胶中的饱和成核数密度高于水溶液中．     

二茂铁不同取代基对其电化学行为的影响

基于二茂铁不同取代基的氧化还原性,利用玻碳电极研究二茂铁及其醇类、醛类、羧酸类的电化学性质。通过循环伏安法探讨了取代基诱导效应和共轭效应对二茂铁电化学性质的影响,并用计时安培法测定了上述8种化合物的扩散系数,探讨了取代基与参数的相关性。     

一种由La2O3水化制备棒状La（OH）3的简便方法

通过本体氧化物在常压沸腾水中的水化处理制备了具有棒状外型的氢氧化镧。XRD衍射图显示在短时间内可以得到六方相氢氧化镧，表明其水化过程是相当快的。所得氢氧化镧几乎完全呈针状和棒状外型，其宽度为2-3μm，长为5-8μm。对棒状氢氧化镧的形成机制作了适当解释，并通过煅烧该氢氧化镧微米棒得到了类似外形的氧化镧。该方法比水热法更易于实现工业化应用。     

示波分析在中国的发展：Ⅳ.示波滴定在无机分析中的应用

示波滴定包括计时电位、电位，电导，安培以及库仑等示波滴定方法。综述了它们在无机分析中的应用，引用文献１５２篇。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。