基于碳纳米管修饰电极的甲醛生物传感器

利用甲醛脱氢酶和羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰的丝网印刷电极,制备了基于还原型辅酶Ⅰ检测的甲醛生物传感器,并优化了传感器的检测条件.结果表明,此传感器对甲醛有较好的电催化氧化作用,显著降低了甲醛的氧化峰电位.在0.001～11nmol/L范围内,响应电流与甲醛的浓度线性相关,其线性回归方程为z(μA)=0.944c(mmol/L,) +0.0623,相关系数为0.9934,响应时间约为20 s,检出限为0.2 μmol/L( S/ N=3).     

偏二甲肼衍生-高效液相色谱法测定水产品中甲醛

在高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定水产品中甲醛时采用偏二甲肼作为衍生化试剂对甲醛进行预衍生化.经在中性溶液中反应10 min后定量生成衍生化产物偏二甲腙,偏二甲腙在紫外光区呈现强吸收,其吸收峰在237 nm波长处,可不经任何富集处理直接进行HPLC测定.偏二甲腙(方法中以甲醛表示)的质量浓度与其吸光度之间在0.12～1 200 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系.测得方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg.·g-1.对3种水产品样品进行了分析并对方法的精密度做了检测,求得其相对标准偏差均小于6%,以3种不同的水产品样品作为基体,加入不同浓度的标准甲醛进行了回收试验,测得结果在88%～110%之间.     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定乳液聚合物中微量甲醛

运用几种破乳方法的组合和随后的水解作用提取乳液聚合物中甲醛。分取部分提取液加入Nash试剂在50℃水浴中加热40 min使甲醛衍生化,所得含有甲醛衍生物的溶液用作高效液相色谱分析。在所选定的色谱条件下,所测得的峰面积值与甲醛的质量浓度在0.75~7.5 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系。其检出限(3S/N)为3.0μg.L-1。应用所提出的方法分析了两件实样,并以此实样为基体,加3个浓度水平的甲醛标准溶液(在15~1 500 mg.kg-1范围内)作回收试验,测得回收率在92.0%~104.7%之间。为了检测方法的精密度,取一定浓度的甲醛标准溶液,在2.5 h时间段按试验方法测定7次,其测定值的相对标准偏差为1.96%。     

微流控芯片毛细管电泳法检测细胞内活性氧与细胞凋亡关系

建立了微流控芯片毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光同时测定细胞内活性氧和凋亡信号的方法。先用AlexaFluor488 annexin V细胞凋亡试剂盒标记细胞凋亡的外翻磷脂酰丝氨酸,再用双氢罗丹明123(DHR123)标记细胞内活性氧,用PBS将细胞调整为终密度1.2×106cells/mL的细胞悬液。细胞群经反复冻融法破碎后,以20 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.2)作电泳缓冲溶液,分离电压1.2 kV,进样时间60 s,1 min内可完成活性氧和细胞凋亡信号的同时测定。方法简单、快速,细胞内活性氧和DHR123的反应产物(Rh123)在0.5～3μmol/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.998,检出限(S/N=3)为0.058μmol/L,可用于细胞内活性氧的定量分析。测得HepG2肝癌细胞活性氧含量为0.16μmol/L,被阿霉素诱导凋亡后,细胞内活性氧含量升高至1.77μmol/L。     

水产品中胂蛋白的提取方法研究

以蛤蜊为研究对象,建立了水产品中胂蛋白的提取方法.采用超声波细胞破碎法以Tris-HCl作为缓冲溶液提取蛤蜊中的胂蛋白;对提取的胂蛋白进行电泳分离纯化,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对蛋白条带中As含量进行测定.根据实验结果分析,胂蛋白的最佳提取条件为:超声功率190 W,超声波每次辐射时间/间歇时间为5 s/5 s,...     

光合细菌羰基还原酶不对称还原苯乙酮的研究

从本实验室筛选得到的类球红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)中,通过超声破碎、硫胺沉淀、DEAE-Sepha-dexA-25阴离子交换层析分离得到一种较纯的依赖NADPH的羰基还原酶.对其进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,显示一条带,测得其相对分子量约为37kD.建立了羰基还原酶催化苯乙酮反应体系并对其进行优化,得出该酶催化苯乙酮的最适反应pH值为8,最适温度为37℃,在pH值为7～9之间比较稳定,其热稳定性较低.该酶对苯乙酮的米氏常数Km和最大反应速率Vmax分别为0.26mmol·L-1和2.4μmol·min-1·mg-1,最佳反应时间为24h·催化苯乙酮的主要产物为(S)-苯乙醇,其产率为58.5%,ee值可达到99%以上,是很有前景的生物催化剂之一.对酶催化与辅酶再生体系相结合进行了初步的研究,提出了氢化酶再生辅酶与菌绿素再生辅酶体系,为今后的酶催化工业生产奠定了基础.     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法测定小鼠血浆中粉防己碱含量

血浆样品用氯仿萃取,所得萃取液在60℃水浴上用吹氮蒸干,用500μL甲醇溶解残渣,所得溶液用电驱动方法进样引入毛细管中进行毛细管电泳(CE)分离。采用的进样电压为12 kV,进样时间为7 s。电泳缓冲溶液为pH 7.5的20 mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液,分离电压为15 kV。电化学发光法(ECL)与CE相联用作为检则方法。ECL反应系在400μL反应池中进行,反应池中盛有5 mmol.L-1Ru(bpy)32+溶液和pH 8.0的50 mmol.L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液。采用的检测电位为1.15 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),所测得的ECL强度值与粉防己碱的质量浓度在0.05~80.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.02 mg.L-1。在小鼠血浆样品的基础上加入粉防己碱标准溶液进行回收试验,测得其回收率在93.3%~95.0%之间。     

基于间苯二甲醛缩氨基硫脲识别Fe3+的荧光探针

本文利用间苯二甲醛和N-(萘-1-基)肼甲硫代酰胺合成了一种简单高效的荧光探针W,通过~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、HRMS表征了其结构。探针W在436nm处有最大发射峰,在EtOH∶Tris=5∶5体系中,向探针W中加入金属阳离子,在加入Fe~(3+)时有明显的荧光猝灭现象,而加入其它离子则无明显变化。对10μmol·L~(-1)的受体进行滴定实验,计算得检测限值为7.499×10~(-5 )M,具有良好的抗干扰能力,pH适用范围为4～12,通过测试得W与Fe~(3+)以1∶2结合,结合常数Ka=5.397×10~5。     

Heat Capacity of Sodium Ditungstate Na_2W_2O_7(s)

SodiumditungstateisastablecompoundintheNa2W2O7system'whichcanbeusedtopreparesodiumtungstenbronze2.Thus,itsthermodynamicpropertiesareoffundamentalimPortance.Thestandardenthalpyofformation3ofNa2W2O7(s)anditslowtemperaturecaPacity4havebeendetermined.ItsthermochemistryinthetemPeraturerangeof1O65-l239Khasalsobeenstudied5.However,therehasbeennopublisheddataaboutitSheatcapacityathightemPerature.ThispaperpresentstheresultsoftheheatcapacitymeasurementonNa2W2O7(s)inthetemperaturerangeofl73-974K.…     

微分脉冲溶出伏安法测定食品中的苏丹红Ⅰ

采用微分脉冲溶出伏安法测定食品中苏丹红的含量。在pH 5的B-R缓冲溶液底液中,当富集电位为-0.47 V,富集时间为180 s,扫描速度为50 mV.s-1时,苏丹红Ⅰ吸附在玻碳电极表面,于-0.43 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)电位处产生一灵敏还原峰。峰电流与苏丹红Ⅰ浓度在1.2×10-7～8.1×10-5mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为4.0×10-8mol.L-1。方法用于辣椒粉样品分析,测得平均回收率为99.3%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.