烟叶中26种挥发性与半挥发性有机酸的GC-MS/SIM法同时分析

采用加速溶剂萃取,以二氯甲烷-乙腈(体积比1 : 2)为萃取溶剂,N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺硅烷化,反-2-己烯酸和肉桂酸为内标,GC-MS/SIM法同时测定了烟叶中的甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、苯甲酸、十六酸、十八酸等26种挥发性、半挥发性有机酸.方法的回收率为81% ～106%,相对标准偏差为1.73% ～7.08%,检出限为0.1 ～13.72 μg/g.以该方法对部分烟叶样品中挥发性、半挥发性有机酸进行了定量分析.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定烟草中的脯氨酸Amadori化合物

为了建立测定烟草中脯氨酸与葡萄糖形成的脯氨酸Amadori(Pro-Amadori)化合物的新方法,对HPLC-ELSD法测定烟草中Pro-Amadori化合物的前处理和测定条件进行了研究.通过甲醇-水溶液在超声波辅助条件下对玉溪C3F烟叶中Pro-Amadori化合物的萃取研究,确定了烟叶前处理的条件:萃取剂甲醇浓度为70%,烟叶与萃取剂料液比为1:30,常温超声萃取时间为15min.HPLC测定条件为:Waters C18反相柱,流动相为甲醇/水=15/85,流速为1mL/min.方法的加标回收率为99.2%,相对标准偏差为1.4%,线性范围为2.0～10μg.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定番茄中的赤霉素GA3残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)法分析番茄中赤霉素GA3残留量的方法.研究了不同填料的固相萃取小柱对番茄中赤霉素的萃取回收率以及各自的纯化结果.该方法线性范围为0.21～1.05×102mg/L,检出限为0.011mg/kg,在优化条件下,以C18小柱萃取样品的效果最好,加标回收率为88.45%～95.90%,其RSD为1.15%～6.56%.     

分散固相萃取净化液质联用测定茶叶中的草铵膦、草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸残留

建立了分散固相萃取净化非衍生-超高液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测茶叶中的草铵膦、草甘膦及其代谢物氨甲基膦酸残留的方法。样品用乙腈-水溶液提取后采用多壁碳纳米管净化,多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明:草铵膦、草甘膦、氨甲基膦酸的线性范围为分别为2. 5～100,5. 0～200,5. 0～200μg/L,相关系数(R~2)均大于0. 995,方法的检出限分别为10,20,20μg/kg,定量限为25,50,50μg/kg,回收率在80. 6%～98. 1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在4. 4%～9. 4%之间。该方法可用于茶叶中草铵膦、草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸的快速检测。     

蔬菜中农药残留的分散液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用技术快速分析

建立了分散液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱快速检测蔬菜中农药残留的新方法.对影响萃取和富集效果的因素进行了优化.在优化的实验条件下,10种目标农药的富集倍数达738 ～895倍,检出限为0.005 ～0.06 mg/kg,线性范围为0.02 ～10 mg/kg,相关系数为0.991 2 ～0.998 7,平均加标回收率为71% ～90%,相对标准偏差为3.1% ～6.9%.该方法已成功用于蔬菜中10种农药残留的测定.     

液相微萃取-反萃取在磺胺药物残留测定中的应用

利用液相微萃取-反萃取技术,建立测定动物组织中磺胺药物残留量的新方法.将动物组织中磺胺药物经液相微萃取-反萃取后进行高效液相色谱紫外检测.磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺喹口恶啉4种磺胺类药物的线性范围均在0.05～10.0 μg/mL,磺胺甲口恶唑的线性范围在0.5～10.0 μg/mL之间,方法的平均回收率不低于80.2%,RSD＜6.8%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg.     

高效液相色谱法同时检测8种喹诺酮类兽药残留量

建立了吡哌酸、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、单诺沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、(噁)喹酸和氟甲喹8种喹诺酮类兽药残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法. 方法的线性范围: 30～2000 μg/kg, 定量限为30 μg/kg, 检出限为5 μg/kg (吡哌酸为20 μg/kg). 该方法采用基质分散和微波萃取技术进行样品的前处理, 回收率为70.0%～99.5%, 相对标准偏差1.0%～8.5%. 并同固相萃取方法进行了比较, 分别使用了RPS、HLB、MAX 3种固相萃取柱, 其回收率均低于本法. 确立了以Aglient XDB-C18 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6mm i.d.)色谱柱, H3PO4-纯水-三乙胺-乙腈(pH 3.0)为流动相的最佳色谱条件, 吡哌酸、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、单诺沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的检测波长为: 激发波长285 nm, 发射波长460 nm;(噁)喹酸和氟甲喹为: 激发波长325 nm, 发射波长365 nm. 方法可满足兽药残留检测要求.     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法同时检测乳制品中β-内酰胺酶抑制剂克拉维酸钾、他唑巴坦和舒巴坦的残留量

建立了乳制品中克拉维酸钾、他唑巴坦和舒巴坦的提取和固相萃取净化法。样品采用水溶后用丙酮沉淀蛋白,在弱酸性条件下用PWAX,60 mg/3 mL固相萃取小柱富集、净化,0.05%氨水/甲醇溶液洗脱后采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测,分析柱为Waters BEH C18,1.7μm,2.1×100 mm;流动相为0.1%甲酸-乙腈。该方法对克拉维酸钾、他唑巴坦和舒巴坦的最低检测质量浓度为0.01,0.003和0.009μg/mL;对纯牛奶、酸奶和奶粉的回收率在81.2%～103.2%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在1.3%～4.8%之间(n=6);在0.05～5μg/mL浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r>0.999。方法适用于乳制品中β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的测定。     

基于离子液体的液相微萃取技术对纺织品中22种致癌芳香胺的测定

采用以离子液体为萃取剂的液相微萃取,对纺织品检测国家标准方法(GB/T 17592-2006)中纺织品样品前处理方法进行了改进,建立了纺织品中源于偶氮染料的芳香胺的提取新方法.比较了直接浸入式微萃取和溶剂棒微萃取模式的萃取效果,确定以溶剂棒微萃取为微萃取模式.并优化了液相微萃取条件:以正辛醇为有机萃取溶剂,离子液体为接收相,给出相pH值为10并添加饱和NaCl溶液,搅拌速率为1 000 r/min,萃取时间为40 min.参照纺织品检测国家标准方法,采用高效液相色谱法对所公布的22种致癌芳香胺进行了定性、定量测定.结果表明,该方法的线性范围宽,相关系数r＞0.995 1,检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 ～2.13 μg/L,相对标准偏差小于4.5%( n=8);回收率为82% ～94%,8种芳香胺的富集倍数为5.7 ～270.0.与纺织品检测国家标准方法相比,该方法简单、快速,并显示了较好的富集效果和高的回收率.     

~1HPLC-ELSD法测定烟草中的脯氨酸Amadori化合物

为了建立测定烟草中脯氨酸与葡萄糖形成的脯氨酸Amadori(Pro-Ama-dori)化合物的新方法,对HPLC-ELSD法测定烟草中Pro-Amadori化合物的前处理和测定条件进行了研究。通过甲醇-水溶液在超声波辅助条件下对玉溪C3F烟叶中Pro-Amadori化合物的萃取研究,确定了烟叶前处理的条件:萃取剂甲醇浓度为70%,烟叶与萃取剂料液比为1∶30,常温超声萃取时间为15min。HPLC测定条件为:Waters C18反相柱,流动相为甲醇/水=15/85,流速为1mL/min。方法的加标回收率为99.2%,相对标准偏差为1.4%,线性范围为2.0～10μg。     

Separation of perfluoroalkylsulfinic acids and perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids by ion-exclusion chromatography

Ion-exclusion chromatography has been successfully applied to the separation of a number of perfluoroalkylsulfinic acids and perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids. The separation of various perfluoroalkylsulfinic and perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids, with different alkyl groups, was investigated on a polymethacrylate-based, weakly acidic, cation-exchange resin (TSK gel OApak-A) in the H⁺-form and using conductimetric detection. When water was used as the eluent, these perfluoroalkylsulfinic and perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids could not be resolved. When an aqueous solution of benzoic acid and o-phthalic acid was used, the separation of each of these acids occurred. In order to improve their separation, the effect of the addition of methanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, as organic modifiers, was also investigated.     

冠醚酮酸和烷酸的合成

本文介绍了在PPA存在下，由B15C5和DB18C6同过量的二羧酸发生酰化作用，得到酮酸1a～e和3a～c。再把所得相应的酮酸1a～e和3a～c利用黄鸣龙法制得4'-(ω－羧基多亚甲基)苯并-15-冠-5(2a～e)和4',4'(5')-二(ω-羧基多亚甲基)二苯并-18-冠-6(4a～c)等一系列ω-冠醚酮酸。     

Transfer ribonucleic acids

Transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs)

1 Abbreviations used according to IUPAC-IUB convention: tRNA = transfer ribonucleic acid; tRNA_yeast = mixture of tRNAs from yeast; tRNA^Phe = phenylalanine specific tRNA; Phe-tRNA = tRNA esterified (“charged”) with Phe; mRNA = messenger RNA; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; U = uridine; A = adenosine; C = cytidine; G = guanosine; pA = 5′-adenylic acid; Ap or A- = 3′-adenylic acid; m²′G = 2′-O-methyl guanosine; m⁷G = 7-methyl guanosine; mG = N(2)-dimethyl guanosine; other methylated nucleosides are abbreviated analogously; abbreviations of other odd nucleosides are given with Fig. 2; p or – signifies phosphate; RNase = ribonuclease; DEAE = diethylaminoethyl; fMet = N-formayl methionine.

occur in all living organisms. In biological protein synthesis they accept activated amino acids which are then transferred to growing peptide chains. With molecular weights lying between 25000 and 30000, tRNAs are easily within the reach of today's physical, chemical, and biochemical methods. The primary structures of several tRNAs as well as some relationships between structure and function have been elucidated. Three-dimensional structure, specificity, and mechanism of action are the subjects of present research efforts.     

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids from arylboronic acids and acetyl acetate

A simple and efficient copper-catalyzed method for the synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids in moderate to high yields with great functional-group compatibility in the substrates has been developed. The new method uses readily available arylboronic acids and acetyl acetate as the starting materials and inexpensive CuI as the catalyst.     

Evidence for strong heterodimeric interactions of phenylboronic acids with amino acids

Strong heterodimeric interactions of phenylboronic acids with l-proline or betaine are evident in the solid state. The interaction energy is over 23 kcal/mol (at MP2/6-31+G^∗).     

Preconcentration and separation of haloacetic acids by ion chromatography

A comparative study was made of the chromatographic behaviour of five haloacetic acids (mono-, dibromoacetic and mono-, di-, trichloroacetic acids). The techniques investigated included reversed-phase ion interaction chromatography with UV detection, suppressed and non-suppressed anion-exchange chromatography. The systems are discussed studying the retention as a function of the mobile phase parameters and the stationary phases used (LiChrospher 100 RP-18, IonPac AS9, AS10 and AS11). A preconcentration step, performed on different substrates, namely LiChrolut-EN and activated vegetal carbon, has been optimized in order to reduce the method detection limits. Results obtained for drinking water samples are shown.     

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of epoxy-fatty acids

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of epoxy-fatty acids from unsaturat-ed carboxylic acids was investigated. Under mild conditions unsaturated carboxylic acids were converted to peroxycarboxylic acids by lipase with hydrogen peroxide, then the unsaturated peroxycarboxylic acids epoxidised the C = C bond of themselves.     

Production and utilization of amino acids.

The amino acid industry has been steadily expanding since monosodium glutamate was first marketed as a flavoring material in 1909. Its production has recently reached almost the 1 billion dollar level. Amino acids are produced by extraction from protein hydrolyzates, by fermentation with the aid of microorganisms, by enzymatic processes, and by chemical synthesis. To obtain natural L-amino acid, chemical synthesis generally requires two additional steps, i.e. optical resolution and racemization of the D isomer. The most important applications of amino acids include the fortification of plant food and feeds by supplementation of the deficient essential amino acid(s). Apart from their uses in the food industry, medical applications of amino acids (nutritional preparations and therapeutic agents) are becoming increasingly important.     

Capillary electrophoretic separation of dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol particles

2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (PZDA), 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) and 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (QUIN) solutions were studied as background electrolytes (BGEs) in the capillary electrophoretic analysis of dicarboxylic acids in aerosol particles with indirect UV detection. The BGEs were selected on the basis of similarity in structure with the analytes so that mobilities would be compatible. Optimised pH values for PZDA, PDA and QUIN solutions were 10.6, 11.0 and 10.2, respectively. Myristyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and myristyltrimethylammonium bromide were added to reverse the electroosmotic flow in the solutions in the direction of anode to enable fast anion detection. Separation was obtained for nine dicarboxylic acids (C₂–C₁₀) differing in the number of CH₂ groups in their skeleton. The electrophoretic mobilities were determined to lie in the range 3.0×10⁻⁴–7.0×10⁻⁴ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the absolute migration times of the analytes were mostly less than 0.5% (n=6) in PZDA solution. In PDA solution the within-day and day-to-day RSD values for migration were less than 1% and between 2 and 4%, respectively. Peak heights and areas mostly deviated between 1 and 15% in both PZDA and PDA solutions. Detection limits ranged between 1 and 5 mg/l. Methods were applied to the analysis of dicarboxylic acids isolated from aerosol particles.