5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-苄亚氨基噻唑的合成与杀菌活性

5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-氨基噻唑与水杨醛衍生物反应制备了12种5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-苄亚氨基噻唑类新化合物。初步测试了25种5-苄基-4-叔丁基-2-苄亚氨基噻唑的杀菌活性。结果表明,化合物1a(500mg/L)对水稻纹枯病菌抑制率为95%;化合物1i、1j、1l、1p、1q和1s(25mg/L)对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率分别为55.1%、55.1%、51.3%、51.5%、51.5%和51.5%;化合物1i、1l和1s(25mg/L)对辣椒疫霉病菌抑制率分别为51.1%、51.9%和64.9%;化合物1h和1j(25mg/L)对黄瓜灰霉病菌抑制率为53.1%和61.2%;化合物1t、1o和1r(25mg/L)对油菜菌核病菌的抑制率分别为56.1%、56.1%和65.4%;化合物1w(25mg/L)对烟草赤星病菌的抑制率为52.6%。     

过氧化双环己胺的气相色谱分析

 采用气相色谱法 ,以涂覆OV 10 1固定液的色谱柱测定环己酮、氨与双氧水反应产物中的环己酮和 1 1′ 过氧化双环己胺 (1 1′ PXA) ,并采用内标法进行定量分析。结果表明 :环己酮、1 1′ 过氧化双环己胺测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于 1 5 %,回收率分别为 96 38%～ 10 0 8%和 99 31%～ 10 3 1%。方法简便、灵敏、准确、重现性好 。     

火焰原子吸收法测定植物叶片中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量

对八种植物叶片 (糖胶树、榕树、红花羊蹄甲、银合欢、垂叶榕、白玉兰、蟛蜞菊、大花紫薇 )中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的测定方法进行了研究 ,采用炭化—灰化—硝酸溶解方法进行样品处理 ,火焰原子吸收法测定Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn四种重金属元素。结果表明 ,该法准确 ,回收率高。各元素的回收率分别为 :铅 88%～ 1 0 5 %、镉 90 %～ 1 0 3 %、铜 90 %～ 1 0 5 %、锌 91 %～ 1 0 5 %。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中锌铜铁

提出了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重晶石中锌、铜和铁的方法 ,相对标准偏差为 1 .7%～7.3% ,加标回收率在 95.2 %～ 1 0 3.2 %之间。特征浓度锌为 0 .0 1 0 μg·ml-1/1 % ,铜为 0 .0 35μg·ml-1/1 % ,铁为 0 .0 67μg· ml-1/1 %。方法简便、准确、可靠。     

低场1H qNMR定量分析缴获毒品中氯胺酮及4种掺杂物

建立了可同时定量分析缴获毒品中氯胺酮、二甲基砜、磺胺、烟酰胺和非那西丁的低场氢谱核磁共振定量方法(LF-¹H qNMR),并将其定量能力与高场氢谱核磁共振定量方法(HF-¹H qNMR)进行了比较。对于LF-¹H qNMR,氯胺酮和4种掺杂物的日内相对标准偏差(RSD)、日间RSD和定量下限分别为0.50%～2.9%、2.0%～7.4%和0.3～5 mg/mL;对于HF-¹H qNMR,氯胺酮和4种掺杂物的日内RSD、日间RSD和定量下限分别为0.40%～1.1%、1.5%～3.9%和0.003～0.05 mg/mL。采用LF-¹H qNMR和HF-¹H qNMR对167份缴获氯胺酮样品进行定量分析,两种方法定量结果的相对误差均小于15%。LF-¹H qNMR测得氯胺酮、二甲基砜、磺胺、烟酰胺和非那西丁的纯度分别为13.5%～102.6%、1.1%～81.3%、2.6%～83.4%、1.8%～22.7%和3.4%～43.8%;HF-<...     

毛细管气相色谱法测定腈纶布料中苯、甲苯和二甲基甲酰胺残留

 建立了同时定量测定腈纶布料及其服装中的苯、甲苯和二甲基甲酰胺残留的毛细管气相色谱分析方法。测得的回收率分别为 93 .3 % ,1 0 1 .8% ,94.9% ;变异系数为 3 .4% ,2 .0 % ,2 .8%。方法简便、快速、准确。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定土壤中的有机氯农药

研究了使用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯农药的分离条件、萃取方法、净化方法以及用替代品进行全程质量控制的方法。有机氯农药检出限在 1 .1～ 4.0 μg L之间 ,各化合物保留时间的RSD <0 .1 % ,所测定化合物的质量浓度在 0 .0 0 6～ 0 .2 0mg L范围内 ,各物质校正曲线 (浓度与峰面积 )的相关系数在 0 .992 6～ 0 .9971之间。用正己烷 丙酮 ( 1 1 ) 1 0 0mL超声波萃取 ,有机氯农药的萃取回收率在 96.3%～ 1 1 4% ,RSD为 0～ 1 1 %。用国产硅镁吸附剂净化 ,有机氯农药的回收率在 1 0 0 %～ 1 40 %之间 ,弗罗里硅土的回收率在 1 0 4 %～ 1 33%之间 ,硅镁吸附剂可以替代弗罗里硅土用于样品的净化。     

HPLC-ELSD测定茜芷胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1的含量

利用HPLC-ELSD对茜芷胶囊中的活性成分三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1的含量进行测定.三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1分别在0.13~2.60、0.30~6.00、0.38~7.60μg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为98.0%(RSD1.7%),97.1%(RSD1.8%),97.0%(RSD1.5%).该方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于茜芷胶囊的质量控制.     

原子吸收光谱法测定柞蚕蛹中铜铁锌钙

柞蚕蛹又名茧蛹 ,具有一定的药用价值[1 ] ,民间一直把它当作一种高蛋白的风味佳品。其体内各种微量元素的含量测量则尚未见报道。本文利用马弗炉干法灰化前处理 ,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铜、铁、锌和钙的含量。对同一产地的同批柞蚕蛹平行测定 7次 ,铜、铁、锌和钙元素的相对标准偏差分别为 5.2 %、4 .3%、2 .7%和 2 .1 % ,四元素的加标回收率分别在 96%～ 1 0 2 % ,95%～ 98% ,94 %～1 0 3%和 97%～ 1 0 4 %之间。该方法与测定同类食品所常用的混酸湿法消解[2 ,3] 相对照 ,结果一致 ,但本法成本低、对环境污染小、简便快速。1　试验部…     

七、八元瓜环对盐酸他克林的包合作用及pH敏感释药性能的研究

利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、1H NMR等技术研究七元瓜环(Q[7])、八元瓜环(Q[8])与盐酸他克林(THA)的主-客体包合作用及pH敏感释药性能。测得Q[7]-THA、Q[8]-THA体系作用的包合比分别为2∶1和1∶1、包合平衡常数分别为1. 85×10~4L·mol~(-1)和1. 98×10~4L·mol~(-1)。在pH=1. 2、pH=4. 0、pH=6. 8介质中,包合物Q[7]-THA的400min体外累积释放分别为49. 58%、53. 80%、56. 48%,包合物Q[8]-THA的体外累积释放分别为46. 11%、47. 40%、51. 49%,THA原药的体外累积释放分别为99. 33%、98. 41%、96. 87%。结果表明Q[7]及Q[8]的包合对THA有明显的pH敏感性缓释作用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。