凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取净化-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛肉中9种类固醇激素残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱分离-固相萃取净化-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱 (GPC-SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)测定牛肉中群勃龙、勃地龙、诺龙、睾酮、美雄酮、甲基睾酮、司坦唑醇、黄体酮、苯丙酸诺龙9种类固醇激素残留的方法.试样经β-盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解,叔丁基甲醚超声提取,凝胶渗透色谱和HLB固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,经Agilent Plus C18柱分离后以MS/MS多反应监测扫描模式检测.方法线性相关系数r＞0.999,定量限为0.2～0.7 μg/kg.在3种浓度添加水平0.3, 1.0, 4.0 μg/kg下,其平均回收率为81.4%～110%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～9.8%.本方法已成功应用于高脂肪和基质复杂样品中9种类固醇激素残留的检测.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量

建立一种同时测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)确证分析方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解、乙酸铵缓冲液提取和MCX固相萃取柱净化,采用Agilent ZorbaxSB-C18(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,0.1%的甲酸水溶液、甲醇和乙腈作为流动相进行洗脱,高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾离子源电离,正离子多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量。3种药物在0.05～1μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.999,0.05、0.1、0.5μg/kg3个浓度水平的添加回收率在89.7%～106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为2.4%～8.6%,3种药物的定量限均为0.05μg/kg。方法适用于猪肉中β-受体激动剂残留的确证分析。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时分析鸡肉中7种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了一种同时测定鸡肉中7种氟喹诺酮类药物残留的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱确证分析方法(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)。样品经酸化乙腈提取、正己烷脱脂和HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾质谱检测,正离子多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。7种药物在5～100 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;以5,25,50 μg/kg3个浓度水平进行添加回收试验,7种药物的平均回收率在79.2%～108.6%之间,相对标准偏差为4.2%～8.9%,方法的检出限(LOD)为0.2～1.4 μg/kg。方法重现性好、灵敏度高、分析时间短、确证能力强,适用于鸡肉中氟喹诺酮类药物多残留的确证检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物肌肉组织中32种β-激动剂、β-阻滞剂和糖肽类抗生素药物残留

建立了同时测定动物肌肉组织中27种β-激动剂、3种β-阻滞剂和2种糖肽类抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法.样品经酶解、蛋白沉淀后,以乙酸乙酯-异丙醇(6∶4,V/V)提取,Starata-X-C固相萃取净化,BEH C18色谱柱分离,乙腈-0.1％甲酸梯度洗脱,串联质谱ESI+电离,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量.结果表明,32种目标物在线性范围内相关性良好(R2 ＞0.995),多巴胺、瑞普特罗、万古霉素和去甲万古霉素的方法检出限为5 μg/kg,其它目标物的检出限为3μg/ks;平均加标回收率为83.6％ ～103％,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9％ ～ 10.4％,日间精密度为4.5％ ～9.8％.结果表明,本方法准确、灵敏,适用于动物肌肉组织中β-激动剂、β-阻滞剂,以及糖肽类抗生素的高通量测定.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中残留的9种β-受体激动剂

建立了动物源性食品中特布他林、西马特罗、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、氯丙那林、莱克多巴胺、克仑特罗、妥布特罗和喷布特罗等9种β-受体激动剂残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经酶解后,用高氯酸去除蛋白质等杂质,调节上清液的pH值后,分别用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚进行萃取,再用MCX固相萃取柱净化,然后用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明:9种β-受体激动剂在0.25～5 μg/kg的空白添加浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.990;特布他林等8种药物的检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 μg/kg;喷布特罗的检出限为0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。从0.5,1和2 μg/kg共3个添加浓度的检测结果可以看出,9种药物的平均回收率为87.1%～108.6%,批内、批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

Determination of Four β2-Agonists Residues in Sausage by Matrix Solid-phase Dispersion and High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrometry

利用同位素稀释技术,建立了肉肠中4种β2-受体激动剂克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林的基质固相分散/高效液相色谱-串联质谱( MSPD/HPLC - MS/MS)分析方法.样品经C1s填料研磨,甲醇洗脱,提取物经酶解后,用MCX小柱净化,经高效液相色谱分离,在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,内标法定量.4种β2-受体激动剂在0.2～20.0 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.990;沙丁胺醇和克伦特罗的检出限为0.10 μg/kg;莱克多巴胺和特布他林的检出限为0.15 μg/kg;方法的回收率为80％～ 109％,相对标准偏差小于10％.该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高,样品和溶剂用量少,可满足肉肠中4种β2-受体激动剂残留的快速检测.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对动物源性食品中13种β-内酰胺类药物残留的检测

建立了动物源性食品中青霉素G、青霉素V、阿莫西林、羧苄西林、氨苄西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、萘夫西林、头孢喹肟、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢唑啉和头孢哌酮13种β-内酰胺类药物残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法.样品经水和乙腈提取后,用正己烷去除脂肪,再用C18固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离 ,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测.结果表明:在5 ～500 μg/L的基质匹配标准溶液内13种β-内酰胺类药物均有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.998;样品中13种β-内酰胺类药物的检出限(LOD)均为1 ng/g,定量下限(LOQ)均为2 ng/g;在5 ～50 ng/g的加标范围内13种β-内酰胺类药物的平均回收率为79% ～99%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于13.5%.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中6种甲状腺拮抗剂残留

建立了牛奶中甲巯咪唑、硫脲嘧啶、甲基硫氧嘧啶、丙基硫氧嘧啶、苯基硫氧嘧啶和2-巯基苯并咪唑6种甲状腺拮抗剂残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,上清液以衍生剂4-碘苄溴在pH=8.0下衍生2h,衍生液调节至pH=3.0,以乙酸乙酯提取.溶剂挥干后以20％甲醇复溶,Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化,4 mL 50％甲醇-乙腈溶液洗脱,Luna C18色谱柱分离,乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.2％甲酸)进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式电离(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量.结果表明:牛奶中6种目标物在优化条件下分离良好,响应值高,峰形尖锐对称,在5 ～ 100 μg/kg范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r2均大于0.99;检出限为0.14～0.32 μg/kg,定量限为0.48～1.1 μg/kg;10,20和50 μg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为82.8％～ 113.6％,相对标准偏差2.4％～14.3％.     

高效液相-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织中的糖皮质激素

本实验建立了肌肉组织中氢化可的松、可的松、泼尼松和地塞米松含量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法.样品经酶水解、乙酸乙酯提取、HLB固相萃取净化,C8色谱柱分离,在多反应选择性监测模式(MRM)下采用负离子模式进行信号采集和测定.4种糖皮质激素的检出限为0.13 ～0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 ～ 0.5 μg/kg.在0.5～50.0 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2＞0.99).在0.5,5.0和10.0μg/kg基质加标水平下,4种物质的平均回收率为74.0％ ～ 101.8％,相对标准偏差0.7％ ～8.6％.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鱼制品中残留的7种性激素

以电喷雾离子源(ESI)为电离源,在正离子采集模式下建立了鱼制品中7种性激素（甲基炔诺酮、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、醋酸氯地孕酮、诺龙）的超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品被酶解后用甲醇提取,提取液经氯化锌(ZnCl2)去脂、LC-C18和LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化、Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,在多反应监测模式下进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。7种性激素的方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.08～0.17 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.24～0.58 μg/kg。考察了内标法和基质匹配外标法对7种性激素进行定量的回收率与精密度: 添加水平为1, 4 μg/kg时,以内标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为76%～118%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.0%～11.3%;以基质匹配外标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为66%～94%,RSD为4.5%～10.7%。该结果表明两种方法均能够满足鱼制品中7种性激素的多残留检测要求。应用建立的方法对市售脱脂大黄鱼及烤鱼片进行检测,未发现7种目标违禁性激素。     

液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法检测鸡组织中5种聚醚类药物残留

建立了鸡组织中聚醚类药物多残留检测的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法。采用甲醇提取鸡组织中的拉沙洛菌素、盐霉素、莫能菌素、甲基盐霉素和马杜霉素,经硅胶柱净化,以乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(体积比为97:3)为流动相,Symmetry Shield RP18作为色谱分析柱,多反应监测(MRM)正离子扫描方式进行质谱检测。当5种聚醚类药物的添加水平为鸡肉0.1～1500 μg/kg、鸡肝0.2～4500 μg/kg时,平均回收率为71.6%～99.1%,日内测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=5)为3.2%～10.7%,日间RSD(n=3)为4.6%～14.7%。2种鸡组织中5种聚醚类药物的定量限为0.1～1.0 μg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合兽药残留分析技术的要求,适用于鸡肉和鸡肝中5种聚醚类药物的多残留检测。     

UHPLC-MS/MS法快速测定水产品中17种磺胺和喹诺酮类药物

建立了UHPLC-MS/MS法测定水产品中10种磺胺类(SAs)和7种喹诺酮类(QNs)药物残留的分析方法。样品用200 g/L盐酸羟胺-乙腈溶液提取,以乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测模式检测,同时对水产品中10种SAs和7种QNs进行定量和定性。在0.25～4.0μg/kg和0.10～2.0μg/kg范围内两类药物的线性良好(r2>0.99);平均回收率为均为80%～120%,RSD为7.4%～14%;10种磺胺药物的检测限(LOD)均为5.0μg/kg,7种喹诺酮药物检测限(LOD)均为2.0μg/kg。该方法适合水产品中这两类药物残留的确证和定量测定。     

Determination of three kinds of banned drugs in milk powder by hybrid solid‐phase extraction purification combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

A gradient clean‐up method for the quantification of five kinds of banned drugs (two hormones, two sedatives, and one chloramphenicol) in milk powder was developed. We used the combination of solid‐phase extraction purification with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Milk powder was initially hydrolyzed by β‐glucuronidase/arylsulfatase, and then the hydrolyzed solution was concentrated and purified using a C₈ and cation resin solid‐phase extraction column. To isolate hormones and chloramphenicol drugs, products from the previous step were diluted with methanol and further purified using a silica and diatomite solid‐phase extraction column. After derivatization, the drugs were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and the hydrolyzed solution was diluted with 5% ammoniated methanol to purify sedatives before gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Results showed that after adding the banned drugs at concentrations of 0.3–10.0 μg/kg, the average recovery range was 78.2–97.3% with relative standard deviations of 5.3–12.5%. The limit of quantification of the banned drugs (S/N ≥ 10) was 0.3–5.0 μg/kg, whereas the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) was 0.1–2.0 μg/kg. The solid‐phase extraction gradient purification system was simple, rapid, and accurate, and could satisfy the detection requirements of hormone, sedatives, and chloramphenicol drugs when used together with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.     

Quantitative determination of four nitrofuran metabolites in meat by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry

A confirmatory method based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the low-level determination of residues of four nitrofuran veterinary drugs in meat, e.g., furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone. The procedure entails an acid-catalysed release of protein-bound metabolites, followed by their in situ conversion into the 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) imine-type derivatives. Liquid-liquid extraction and clean-up on a polymeric solid phase extraction cartridge are then performed before LC-MS/MS analysis by positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) applying multiple reaction monitoring of three transition reactions for each compound. Reliable quantitation is obtained by using one deuterated analogue per analyte (d4-NBA derivative) as internal standard (IS). Validation of the method in chicken meat was conducted following the European Union (EU) criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. The decision limits (CCalpha) were 0.11-0.21 microg/kg, and the detection capabilities (CCbeta) 0.19-0.36 microg/kg, thus below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) set at 1 microg/kg by the EU. The method is robust and suitable for routine quality control operations, and more than 200 sample injections were performed without excessive pollution of the mass spectrometer or loss of LC column performance.     

两步液液萃取-固相萃取净化结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中11种磺胺类兽药残留

建立了猪肉中11种常见的磺胺类兽药残留的两步液液萃取-固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）检测方法。猪肉样品经乙酸乙酯（含2%（v/v）甲酸）及丙酮分两步液液萃取，正己烷脱脂，Oasis MCX混合阳离子固相萃取小柱净化，氮吹浓缩，定容，过滤膜后进行高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用多反应监测正离子模式进行检测，以基质校准曲线外标法定量。结果表明，在20~400 μg/L范围内11种磺胺类药物均呈现良好的线性关系（相关系数（r²）≥ 0.99），检出限（LODs）（S/N=3）和定量限（LOQs）（S/N=10）分别为0.1~1.0 μg/kg和0.2~3.0 μg/kg。对阴性猪肉样品，在50、100、200 μg/kg 3个水平下分别进行加标回收试验，测得各待测物的平均回收率为79.3%~105.5%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~11.6%（n=6）。该方法比采用一步液液萃取法具有更高的提取效率，同时结合固相萃取净化方法进一步富集目标化合物，降低了基质干扰，提高了检测灵敏度。     

Optimization of QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils with diverse organic matter

A QuEChERS method has been developed for the determination of 14 organochlorine pesticides in 14 soils from different Portuguese regions with wide range composition. The extracts were analysed by GC-ECD (where GC-ECD is gas chromatography-electron-capture detector) and confirmed by GC-MS/MS (where MS/MS is tandem mass spectrometry). The organic matter content is a key factor in the process efficiency. An optimization was carried out according to soils organic carbon level, divided in two groups: HS (organic carbon >2.3%) and LS (organic carbon <2.3%). The method was validated through linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy studies. The quantification was carried out using a matrix-matched calibration to minimize the existence of the matrix effect. Acceptable recoveries were obtained (70-120%) with a relative standard deviation of ≤16% for the three levels of contamination. The ranges of the limits of detection and of the limits of quantification in soils HS were from 3.42 to 23.77 μg kg(-1) and from 11.41 to 79.23 μg kg(-1), respectively. For LS soils, the limits of detection ranged from 6.11 to 14.78 μg kg(-1) and the limits of quantification from 20.37 to 49.27 μg kg(-1) . In the 14 collected soil samples only one showed a residue of dieldrin (45.36 μg kg(-1) ) above the limit of quantification. This methodology combines the advantages of QuEChERS, GC-ECD detection and GC-MS/MS confirmation producing a very rapid, sensitive and reliable procedure which can be applied in routine analytical laboratories.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂胶原胶中氯霉素的残留量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定蜂胶原胶中氯霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用叔丁基甲醚溶解,氢氧化钠溶液去除黄酮类等杂质,叔丁基甲醚层加正己烷降低氯霉素的溶解度,再用乙酸钠缓冲液反萃氯霉素,反萃溶液调至碱性后用乙酸乙酯萃取,经浓缩、复溶和过滤后,进行测定。采用甲醇-水(65∶35,体积比)为流动相,反相Atlantis T_3色谱柱进行液相色谱分离,电喷雾负离子电离(ESI-),多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,内标法定量。结果表明,氯霉素在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法的定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.3μg/kg;在0.3、0.6、3.0μg/kg加标水平下,氯霉素的平均回收率为97.3%~103%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~6.4%。该法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合兽药残留检测的要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中双三氟虫脲、四氯虫酰胺和氰虫酰胺残留

建立了蔬菜和水果中双三氟虫脲、四氯虫酰胺和氰虫酰胺3种新型杀虫剂的分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.样品经乙腈均质提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和C18基质分散净化剂进行净化,液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时进行检测.双三氟虫脲和四氯虫酰胺采用多反应监测负离子模式,氰虫酰胺采用多反应监测正离子模式.双三氟虫脲在苹果、洋葱和经微波处理的洋葱样品中均不存在基质效应,可采用纯溶剂标准外标法或者采用基质匹配标准溶液定量检测; 四氯虫酰胺和氰虫酰胺存在程度不同的基质减弱效应,采用空白基质匹配的校正标准曲线外标法定量.3种杀虫剂均在0.2～100 μg/L线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9990.在0.005～2.000 mg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为81.6％～99.9％,相对标准偏差为3.6％～9.8％.氰虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺和双三氟虫脲的检出限分别为0.064,0.048和0.001 μg/kg,定量限分别为0.210, 0.160和0.004 μg/kg.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定巴氏杀菌乳中9种香精成分

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）同时检测巴氏杀菌乳中9种香精成分（二氢香豆素、香兰素、香豆素、乙基香兰素、甲基香兰素、7-甲基香豆素、7-甲氧基香豆素、7-乙氧基-4甲基香豆素和环香豆素）的分析方法。巴氏杀菌乳样品用乙醇溶液萃取,低温涡旋离心,取上清液过0.22 μm滤膜,以DB-5MS色谱柱分离,在MRM模式下测定,基质曲线外标法定量。实验结果表明,9种香精成分在1~200 μg/L范围内呈良好线性,线性相关系数（R²）均大于0.997,方法的检出限为0.002~0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.001~2 μg/kg,平均回收率为90.3%~110.6%,日内、日间精密度均小于10%。该方法前处理简单快速,检测准确度和灵敏度高,可用于巴氏杀菌乳中9种香精成分的同时检测。     

人体尿液中双酚A与壬基酚的同位素稀释的LC-MS/MS分析

采用固相萃取、高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱仪同位素稀释技术,建立了尿中双酚A(BPA)和壬基酚(NP)的检测方法.液相色谱分离用C18柱,流动相为甲醇和水,负离子电喷雾模式电离,多反应离子监测方式检测,BPA和NP的定量离子对分别为m/z 226.9/132.9、219.3/118.8, 13C和氘代同位素化合物分别做回收率控制和内标定量.BPA和NP的基质加标回收率分别为86% ～106%、90% ～114%,定量下限分别为0.97、2.3 μg/L.实际尿样的测定验证了该方法的可行性.