ZnO-Si不同退火条件对生长ZnSe薄膜的影响

研究了作为缓冲层的ZnO薄膜在不同的退火时间、退火温度下退火对Si衬底上生长ZnSe膜质量的影响。当溅射有ZnO膜的Si(111)衬底的退火条件变化时，从X射线衍射谱（XRD）和光致发光谱（PL）中可见，ZnSe(111)膜的晶体质量有较大的变化。变温的PL谱表明，Si衬底上生长的具有ZnO缓冲层的ZnSe膜的近带边发射峰起源于自由激子发射。     

ZnSe/SiO2复合薄膜光学常数与荧光光谱的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺与原位生长技术,制备了ZnSe/SiO2复合薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明薄膜中ZnSe晶体呈立方闪锌矿结构.X射线荧光分析结果显示薄膜中Zn与Se摩尔比为1:1.01-1:1.19.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了复合薄膜的表面形貌,结果表明复合薄膜表面既存在尺寸约为400nm的ZnSe晶粒,也存在尺寸小于100nm的ZnSe晶粒.利用椭偏仪测量了薄膜椭偏角Ψ,Δ与波长λ的关系,采用Maxwell-Garnett有效介质理论对薄膜的光学常数、厚度、气孔率、ZnSe的浓度进行了数据拟合.利用荧光光谱分析了薄膜的光致发光,结果表明在波长为395nm的激发光下,487nm的发射峰对应着闪锌矿型ZnSe的带边发射,同时也观测到薄膜中ZnSe晶体增强的自由激子发射及伴随着ZnSe晶体缺陷而产生的辐射发光.     

CdSe/CdZnSe超晶格的激子光学性质的研究

用分子束外延法在GaAs衬底上生长了CdSe/Cd0.65Zn0.35Se超晶格结构。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、77K下变密度激发的光致发光光谱和变温度光致发光光谱研究了CdSe/CdZnSe超晶格结构和激光复合特性，在该材料中观测到激子－激子散射发射峰，变密度激发光致发光光谱和谱温度光致发光光谱证实了这一现象，激子发射峰的线宽随着温度的升高而展宽，低温时发光峰的宽度主要是由合金组分和阱垒起伏引起的，没温时激子线宽展宽是由于激子与纵光学声子和离化的施主杂质间的散射作用引起的，光致发光的强度随着温度的升高而降低，这主要是由激子的热离化造成的，也就是说，热激发使得电子或空穴由阱中跃迁至垒上。     

衬底温度对热壁外延ZnSe薄膜质量的影响

用热壁外延法在不同衬底温度条件下生长一系列ZnSe薄膜,并通过X射线衍射、喇曼散射以及光致发光技术对ZnSe薄膜质量作了研究。实验结果表明,随着衬底温度下降,ZnSe薄膜质量逐渐变差;当衬底温度低于300℃时,(100)ZnSe薄膜中有(111)孪晶出现;但同时发现衬底温度大于375℃时,衬底Ga原子对ZnSe外延层扩散严重。     

退火对多晶ZnO薄膜结构与发光特性的影响

用射频反应溅射法在Si（111）衬底上制备了C轴取向的多晶ZnO薄膜，通过不同温度的退火处理，研究了退火对多晶ZnO薄膜结构和发光特性的影响.由x射线衍射得知，随退火温度的升高，晶粒逐渐变大，薄膜中压应力由大变小至出现张应力.光致发光测量发现，样品在430nm附近有一光致发光峰, 峰的强度随退火温度升高而减弱，联合样品电阻率随退火温度升高而逐渐变大的测量及能级图，推测出ZnO薄膜中的蓝光发射主要来源于锌填隙原子缺陷能级与价带顶能级间的跃迁. 关键词： ZnO薄膜 退火 光致发光 射频反应溅射     

GaAIAs／GaAs非均匀阱宽多量子阱超辐射发光管材料制备及表征

超辐射发光二极管（SLD）具有不同于半导体激光器和普通发光二极管的优异性能。为了制备高功率半导体超辐射发光管，并且得到比较大的光谱宽度、大的单程增益和抑制电流饱和，我们研究设计了具有850nm辐射波长的GaAlAs／GaAs非均匀阱宽多量子阱超辐射发光二极管结构，采用分子束外延（MBE）方法进行了材料制备。同时利用X射线双晶衍射，变温（10～300K）光致发光（PL）等方法检测分析了外延薄膜的结构和光电特性。在光致发光谱线中我们得到了发射波长850nm的谱峰，谱峰范围跨跃800～880nm，双晶回摆曲线结果显示了设计的结构得到实现。在注入电流140mA时，器件输出光谱的半峰全宽可以达到26nm，室温下连续输出功率达到6mw。     

蓝光ZnO薄膜的特性研究

采用反应溅射法在n型硅（100）衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,分别用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和荧光分光光度计对样品的结构、表面形貌和光致发光特性进行了表征。X射线衍射结果表明,实验中制备出了应变小的c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜;原子力显微镜观察表明,薄膜表面平整,颗粒大小约为50nm,为柱状结构,颗粒垂直于硅衬底表面生长;在室温光致发光（PL）谱中观察到了波长位于434nm处的较窄的强蓝光发射峰,该蓝光峰的半峰全宽约为50meV。对蓝光峰的发光机制进行了讨论,并推断出该蓝光峰来源于电子从Zn填隙缺陷能级向价带顶跃迁。     

GaAs(100)衬底上ZnSe薄膜的热壁束外延生长

介绍热壁束外延法生长ZnSe/GaAs异质结工作。低能电子衍射和俄歇电子能谱对样品的原位检测表明,用此方法可以在GaAs(100)衬底上外延得到单晶的ZnSe(100)薄膜。当外延生长速率大时,Znse薄膜质量下降,样品的Raman谱中出现TO模。X射线衍射实验结果表明,这种外延膜质量的退化主要是由于在ZnSe(100)薄膜体内存在〈111〉方向的晶核。 关键词：     

热处理对ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜结晶性能的影响

用热处理方法对电子束蒸发制备的ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜分别进行400,600℃退火处理。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱等方法,表征了ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的结构、成分、形貌、发光性能。在ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的X射线衍射谱和扫描电子显微镜照片中,可以看出经退火处理后结晶状况大大改善,多晶结构趋于规则,晶粒更加均匀且膜层结构更加致密。在ZnO∶Zn荧光薄膜的光致发光谱中,检测到490 nm处发光峰,认为一价氧空位(VO)充当发光中心,且薄膜的光致发光强度受热处理温度的影响很大。实验表明随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度提高,弥补了薄膜晶体表面的表面缺陷,薄膜的发光性能不断提高。     

热处理对ZnO:Zn荧光薄膜结晶性能的影响

用热处理方法对电子束蒸发制备的ZnO:Zn荧光薄膜分别进行400,600℃退火处理。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱等方法,表征了ZnO:Zn荧光薄膜的结构、成分、形貌、发光性能。在ZnO:Zn荧光薄膜的X射线衍射谱和扫描电子显微镜照片中,可以看出经退火处理后结晶状况大大改善,多晶结构趋于规则,晶粒更加均匀且膜层结构更加致密。在ZnO:Zn荧光薄膜的光致发光谱中,检测到490nm处发光峰,认为一价氧空位(V_O)充当发光中心,且薄膜的光致发光强度受热处理温度的影响很大。实验表明随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度提高,弥补了薄膜晶体表面的表面缺陷,薄膜的发光性能不断提高。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.