大尺寸高质量CH3NH3PbCl3钙钛矿单晶的生长机理、相转变与光学性能

在传统逆温差结晶法基础上,通过引入高质量籽晶,采用籽晶诱导逆温差结晶法生长出尺寸为11mm×11mm×2mm的CH₃NH₃PbCl₃钙钛矿单晶.X射线衍射和Rietveld精修结果表明,室温下CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶是立方相,其空间群为Pm■m,晶格常数a=0.56877 nm.偏光显微镜研究结果表明,CH₃NH3PbCl₃单晶的生长机理遵循光滑界面的台阶横向长大机制,并沿着台阶的外法线方向长大.变温拉曼光谱研究表明CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶在温度160 K发生了正交-四方相转变,但四方相结构不稳定,存在的温度区间非常狭窄,故再次转变为立方相(Pm■m).紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱和光致发光谱研究表明,CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶的吸收截止边约在波长442 nm,光致发光峰为450 ...     

混合物理化学气相沉积法制备MgB$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;单晶纳米晶片的研究

利用混合物理化学气相沉积法在石墨衬底上制备出了晶形为六角结构、厚度不同、径向尺寸不一的MgB₂单晶纳米晶片. 利用纳米定向转移技术将此晶片转移到了碳支持膜铜网上, 以便对其精细结构等物性进行表征. 电输运测量和磁性测量结果都表明晶片具有超导电性: T_conset=38 K, T_c(0)=33 K. 扫描电子显微镜图像表明, 晶片表面平整、厚度分布在几个纳米到200 nm之间, 宽度从几微米到上百微米; 高分辨透射电镜图像显示出晶片具有周期性晶格条纹. 选区电子衍射数据与MgB₂已有的单晶衍射数据相符. 这些测量结果证实了其确为高质量单晶MgB₂超导纳米晶片. 本文不仅提出了一种全新的制备单晶MgB₂的方法, 也观察到了纳米尺度MgB₂单晶的零电阻现象, 为后续的磁通钉扎、纳米力学性能等领域的深入研究提供了合适的素材. 关键词： 2')" href="#">单晶MgB₂ 超导纳米晶片 零电阻 混合物理化学气相沉积法     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8超导单晶中的电阻反常行为

测量了Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶的ab面和c轴方 向电阻,在其超导转变温度附近发现了反常的电阻峰出现.其随外磁场(>100Gs)和电流的增 加而逐渐消失.文章认为这个反常的电阻峰是由于单晶中超导相的不均匀分布而导致的准再 进入行为. 关键词： 2Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶')" href="#">Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈单晶 反常电阻峰 准再入行为     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ薄膜微结构的同步辐射三维倒空间扫描研究

高温超导薄膜因其微波表面电阻低,可用于尖端高温超导微波器件的制作.然而由于高温超导材料特殊的二维超导机制和极短的超导相干长度,高温超导材料的微波表面电阻对微结构特别敏感.为了探究高温超导材料微结构和微波电阻的联系,采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在(001)取向的MgO单晶衬底上生长了不同厚度的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(YBCO)薄膜.电学测量发现不同厚度的样品超导转变温度、常温电阻差别不大,但超导态的微波表面电阻差异很大.同步辐射三维倒空间扫描(3D-RSM)技术对YBCO薄膜微结构的表征表明:CuO₂面平行于表面晶粒(c晶)的多寡、晶粒取向的一致性是造成超导态微波表面电阻差异的主要原因.     

用激光分子束外延在Si衬底上外延生长高质量的TiN薄膜

采用激光分子束外延技术,利用两步法,在Si单晶衬底上成功地外延生长出TiN薄膜材料.原子力显微镜分析结果显示, TiN薄膜材料表面光滑,在10 μm×10 μm范围内,均方根粗糙度为0842nm.霍耳效应测量结果显示,TiN薄膜在室温条件下的电阻率为36×10^-5Ω·cm,迁移率达到5830 cm²/V·S,表明TiN薄膜材料是一种优良的电极材料.X射线θ—2θ扫描结果和很高的迁移率均表明,高质量的TiN薄膜材料被外延在Si衬底 关键词： 激光分子束外延 TiN单晶薄膜 外延生长     

铁电单晶Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的高场致应变及其在层叠式驱动器中的应用

通过研究(1_x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O_{3_x}PbTiO3(PMNT)单晶在不同方向、不同组分下高场致应变的特性，确定了〈001〉取向 PMNT单晶（29％≤x≤31%）为制作层叠式驱动器的最佳组分范围，这组分的单晶具有高场致应变、低滞后而且性能较稳定的特点.研究结果表明，在保证应变曲线的线性和低滞后的前提下，将近-2kV/cm的负电场能够运用于〈001〉方向的PMNT晶体上. 40层（每片晶片尺寸为7mm×7mm×0.7mm）PM 关键词： PMNT单晶 场致应变 PMNT驱动器     

Fe81Ga19合金晶体生长取向与磁致伸缩性能

通过区熔定向凝固法,生长出[001]易磁化方向与晶体轴向之间存在不同取向差的Fe₈₁Ga₁₉合金单晶体和Fe₈₁Ga₁₉合金多晶体.极图测试结果显示,Fe₈₁Ga₁₉合金单晶体的[001]方向与轴向取向差分别为12°,5°和3°.采用电阻应变片法测定相应磁致伸缩应变,与外加磁场方向平行的轴向磁致伸缩应变分别为254×10^-6,271×10^{-6< 关键词： 磁致伸缩 81Ga₁₉合金')" href="#">Fe₈₁Ga₁₉合金 晶体取向}     

Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4－δ单晶c-轴方向电阻的低场行为

采用自助熔剂缓冷法成功地生长出了Nd_1.85Ce_{0. 15}CuO_4-δ单晶，其零场下零电阻温度约为21K. 在0—0.5T范围内分别测量了磁场平行和垂直样品表面的电阻转变曲线以及0.5T不同角度下的电阻转变曲线. 结果显示磁场平行和垂直样品表面时的转变温度T_p随磁场的变化均服从H=H₀(1-T_p(h)/T_p(0))²关系. 0.5T 关键词： 1.85Ce_0.15CuO_4-δ单晶')" href="#">Nd_1.85Ce_0.15CuO_4-δ单晶 输运性质     

铁电-顺电扩散相转变的实验和统计模型

制备了扩散相转变铁电陶瓷系列(Ba_1-xLa_x)(Ti_1-yZr_y)O₃和扩散-非扩散相变铁电单晶系列K_0.2Na_0.2(Sr_pBa_1-p)_0.8Nb₂O₆。陶瓷采用一般铁电陶瓷制备工艺,单晶采用提拉法生长。测量了所有样品在-50—100℃范围内 关键词：     

大尺寸LnBa2Cu3O7-δ单晶的生长及其超导电性

本文报道大尺寸LnBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(Ln=Y,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)单晶生长及其超导电性,并讨论了(001)自然晶面的X射线多级衍射、劳厄相、旋进相等单晶鉴定法。 关键词：     

掺Bi钨酸镉单晶体发光特性的研究

用坩埚下降法(Bridgman)生长出了Bi离子掺杂的CdWO₄单晶.测定了晶体不同部位的吸收光谱、发射光谱和X射线电子能谱(XPS).Bi离子的掺入引起CdWO₄晶体的吸收边从345 nm红移到399 nm.在311 nm, 373 nm,808 nm和980 nm光的激发下,分别观测到中心波长为470 nm,528 nm,1078 nm和较弱的1504 nm四个不同发射带.Bi:CdWO₄单晶的XPS谱分别与Bi₂ 关键词： Bi离子 荧光光谱 X射线电子能谱 4单晶')" href="#">CdWO₄单晶     

Unique crystal growth with crystal axis rotation in multi-ferroic β′-(Sm,Gd)2(MoO4)3 narrow lines patterned by lasers in glass

The morphology and orientation of multi-ferroic β′-(Sm,Gd)₂(MoO₄)₃ crystals in the lines patterned by laser irradiations in 3Sm₂O₃–18.25Gd₂O₃–63.75MoO₃–15B₂O₃ (mol%) glass were examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations in order to clarify the origin of the appearance of periodic birefringence in an atomic-scale level. The crystallographic direction of crystals in the lines was determined from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns in TEM observations, and it was demonstrated that a gradual rotation of crystallographic axes takes place along the crystal growth direction (laser scanning direction). The unique crystal growth with a spiral-like rotation of the crystallographic axes is due to the gradual rotation of (MoO₄)²⁻ tetrahedral units in β′-(Sm,Gd)₂(MoO₄)₃ crystals. The laser-induced crystallization, in which the region and direction of crystal growth are restricted artificially to a narrow space, provides a new crystal growth engineering.     

Conversion of broadband thermal radiation in lithium niobate crystals of various compositions

The conversion of the broadband thermal radiation in stoichiometric (R = 1) lithium niobate single crystals that are grown from melt with 58.6 mol % of LiO₂, congruent (R = Li/Nb = 0.946) melt with the K₂O flux admixture (4.5 and 6.0 wt %), and congruent melt and in congruent single crystals doped with the Zn²⁺, Gd³⁺, and Er³⁺ cations is studied. It is demonstrated that the conversion efficiency of the stoichiometric crystal that is grown from the melt with 58.6 mol % of LiO₂ is less than the conversion efficiency of congruent crystal. In addition, the stoichiometric and almost stoichiometric crystals and the doped congruent crystals exhibit the blue shift of the peak conversion intensity in comparison with a nominally pure congruent crystal. For the congruent crystals, the conversion intensities peak at 520 and 495 nm, respectively.     

Spectral-kinetic characteristics of crystals and nanoceramics based on BaF<Subscript>2</Subscript> and BaF<Subscript>2</Subscript>: Ce

Optical characteristics of BaF₂ and BaF₂: Ce single crystals and nanoceramic materials prepared from these single crystals by uniaxial hot pressing have been studied. It has been shown that the introduction of Ce₃₊ ions into BaF₂ hardly affects the ultrafast (∼0.9 ns) luminescence component. The integrated luminescence intensity of the BaF₂: Ce nanoceramics is higher than that of the corresponding single crystal and considerably higher that the intensity of the undoped BaF₂ crystal. It has been demonstrated that the slow (several hundred nanoseconds) component of the luminescence decay of BaF₂: Ce is due to the energy transfer from excitons to Ce³⁺ ions.     

Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of HoTiO3 and ErTiO3

Bulk magnetization measurements have been performed on single crystals of HoTiO₃ and ErTiO₃. The easy direction of magnetization is along the b-axis for HoTiO₃ and along the c-axis for ErTiO₃ with respect to the Pbnm chemical cell. These findings are in qualitative agreement with the results of two independent powder neutron diffraction studies. The saturation magnetic moments at 4.2 K along the easy axes are 7.3(2)μ_B per formula unit for HoTiO₃ and 6.9(2)μ_B for ErTiO₃. In addition, single crystal susceptibility data were analyzed using the theory of Boutron to yield values for the Heisenberg exchange coupling and the second-order crystal field terms B⁰₂ and B²₂.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of impurities and point defects in oxide crystals

In this topic review the results of the X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of Mn, Co, Cr, Fe ions in YAlO₃ (YAP) crystals and Fe ions in LiNbO₃ (LNO) crystals and of chromium doped Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ (BGO) and Ca₄GdO(BO₃)₃ single crystals, are presented. It is well known that the oxide crystals (for example:YAP, LNO, BGO) are one of the most widely used host materials for different optoelectronic applications. The nature of point defect of impurities and produced in the oxide crystal after irradiation by bismuth ions and after irradiation by the ²³⁵U ions with energy 9.47 MeV/u and fluency 5?×?10¹¹?cm^?1 is discussed. The latter is important for applications of these oxide crystal as laser materials.     

聚片多畴LiNbO3晶体的倍频效应

通过对聚片多畴LiNbO₃晶体倍频效应的研究,从实验上对Bloembergen等人所提出的准位相匹配理论进行了细致的检验。首先运用Maker条纹法在实验上直接测定了单畴LiNbO₃晶体在e^ω·e^ω→e^2ω非位相匹配下的倍频光强,并采用角度扫描和温度扫描方法,以获得满足准位相匹配条件时的不同片数的聚片多畴晶体的最大倍频强度,从而验证了聚片多畴晶体倍频相对光强与片畴数N成平方关系。在N<200时,取得 关键词：     

Spectroscopic properties of Yb ions in La2(WO4)3 crystal

Yb³⁺-doped La₂(WO₄)₃ single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the crystal were recorded at the room temperature. The stimulated emission cross-sections of Yb³⁺ ions were calculated using the reciprocity method and Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg formula, respectively. The fluorescence decay curves of ²F_5/2 manifold of Yb³⁺ ions were recorded at room temperature for both crystal and powder samples. The effect of radiation trapping on the spectroscopic properties is discussed. Comparison with other Yb³⁺-doped laser crystals is made. The results show that Yb³⁺:La₂(WO₄)₃ crystal is a promising laser material.     

Nonvolatile hologram storage properties of tri-doped Zn:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals

Congruent Zn(7 mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method in air. The occupation mechanism of the Zn²⁺ was discussed by an infrared transmittance spectrum. The nonvolatile holographic recording in Zn(7 mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ single crystal was measured by two-photon fixed method. Zn(7 mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ single crystals present the faster recording time and higher light-induced scattering resistance ability comparing with Ce:Cu:LiNbO₃ single crystals.     

Proton conduction in (NH4)3 H(SO4)2 single crystals

D.C. electrical conductivity, DTA and coulometric studies on (NH₄)₃ H(SO₄)₂ single crystals are made. Conductivity is markedly anisotropic with maximum along c¹ direction. A sudden jump in the conductivity plot along c¹ direction at 413 K is supported by a large endothermic peak in DTA, confirming the presence of transition at this temperature. The values of activation energy calculated from conductivity measurements indicated that the charge carriers are protons. This was further confirmed by coulometric experiment where the gas evolved was hydrogen, as established by a gas chromatograph and the volume of H₂ released agreed with that expected from electrolysis. The mechanism of protonic conduction in this crystal is discussed.