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自然界与社会生活中存在多种性质迥异的幂律分布现象,因而对它们的研究具有广泛而深远的意义.研究了一类由于人类的选择行为而产生的幂律现象,提出了人类选择行为的两个特性:理性与自利.据此,通过小球选择试验构建了模型.研究发现,这类幂律现象中随机变量服从一种近似于Zipf分布的分布.此分布为首次提出的一种新分布,将它命名为偏序分布.网络中已有的统计数据表明,偏序分布比Zipf分布更真实的反应了网络中统计变量服从的分布.文中对偏序分布进行了理论分析,并通过约束条件的改变,生成了Yule分布;表述了Yule分布的物理意义,并构造了比Yule分布更具现实意义的分布.说明了选择理论在解释幂律现象方面的普遍适用性及模型的可扩展性.文中在幂律现象的成因上支持还原论,即简单的人类选择行为导致了普遍的幂律现象.
关键词:
选择行为
幂律分布
偏序分布
Yule分布 相似文献
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详细分析了密勒-库什实验过程中分子速率分布的变化情况,说明了实验数据与麦克斯韦速率分布之间的关系。 相似文献
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特征提取是目标识别的关键技术,本文提出了一种基于时频分布重排的Wigner-Ville分布(WD)特征提取方法。选择WD作为研究问题的切入点,使用核函数方法,通过平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布(SPWD)抑制交叉项;为解决引入核函数导致信号时频聚集性下降问题,我们采用时频重排方法来增强目标的时频聚集性,最后用海上实验数据对本文方法进行了有效性检验。实验结果表明,本文提出的SPWD时频重排特征提取方法具有:(1)可有效抑制WD固有的交叉项;(2)增强目标回声信号时频聚集性;(3)可明显地提高水下目标识别率。该方法具有一定的应用推广价值,为解决水下目标识别问题提供了很好的思路。 相似文献
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通过衬底材料和外延材料的交替生长方式制备出多层排列的自组装量子点超晶格结构.这些埋置量子点的应力/应变场影响着它们的光电性能、压电性能以及力学稳定性.基于各向异性弹性理论的有限元方法,研究了埋置金字塔形应变自组织Ge/Si半导体量子点的应力/应变分布以及流体静应变和双轴应变分布,并与非埋置量子点的应力/应变分布做了比较,指出了它们之间的异同以及覆盖层对量子点应力/应变分布的影响.
关键词:
量子点
应力分布
应变分布 相似文献
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局部Klein-Nishina分布是指,光子与物质发生非相干散射后对散射方向的抽样限定在局部范围内。近一年来,一种通过确定对探测器所张立体角计算探测器通量的方法被提了出来,并受到了普遍重视,局部Klein-Nishina分布抽样问题就是由此产生的。较全面地研究了局部Klein-Nishina分布抽样问题,给出了一些可行的抽样方法,并在计算机上进行了模拟抽样比较。 相似文献
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应用类比法求解介质光波导中场分布的几个实例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用定态薛定锷方程和介质光波导中亥姆堆兹方程的相似性,分析了类比条件,给出了用类比法求解介质光波导中场分布的几个实例。 相似文献
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Activation energies for viscous flow and conductivity are computed from experimental values of RF conductivity (frequency
400 kHz) at different temperatures for eight polar liquids. It is observed that for aliphatic alcohols the activation energy
for conductivity is greater than that for viscous flow. However, their ratio is slightly greater than unity and is different
for different alcohols whereas for nonassociating polar liquids the ratio is almost equal to unity. The dependence of conductivity
on viscosity for the liquid alcohols does not follow the Walden’s law but can be well represented by Adamczewskis relation. 相似文献
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A magnon–phonon interaction model is developed on the basis of two-dimensional square Heisenberg ferromagnetic system. By using Matsubara Green function theory transverse acoustic phonon excitation is studied and transverse acoustic phonon excitation dispersion curves is calculated on the main symmetric point and line in the first Brillouin zone. On line Σ it is found that there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point Γ), there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on the softening zone and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon near point M. On line Δ it is found there is no softening and hardening for transverse acoustic phonon. On line Z it is found that there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point X) and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon nearby point M. The influences of various parameters on transverse acoustic phonon excitation are also explored and it is found that the coupling of the magnon–phonon and the spin wave stiffness constant play an important role for the softening of transverse acoustic phonon. 相似文献
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研究一种能够进行远程及绝对测量的光纤低相干干涉传感系统。该系统包含两个光纤干涉仪,其中一个光纤干涉仪置于被测场中感应被测量的变化,可实现远程测量;另一个光纤干涉仪解调被测量的值。运用波分复用技术,使用于解调的光纤干涉仪同时工作于低相干干涉和高相干干涉状态。用低相干干涉信号决定被测量的幅值,对被测量实现绝对测量,并使测量量程不受波长限制;同时,用高相干干涉信号对被测量进行高精度的测量。系统的测量量程为6mm,测量分辨率小于1nm,位移实验结果的线性相关系数R为0.99。 相似文献
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B. H. Lavenda 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1988,1(4):333-341
Einstein's radiation mechanism is generalized to account for the possibility of population inversion by placing a nonlinear bound on the growth of an unstable perturbation. The nonstationary linear mechanism of relaxation to blackbody radiation below threshold is studied. The nonstationary photon distribution is the negative binomial distribution, and casting it as a law of error, for which the most probable value is the mean value, gives the expression for the statistical entropy. The second law yields a nonequilibrium generalization of Planck's radiation law. The nonlinear mechanism leading to the transformation from the negative binomial probability distribution, for chaotic light, to a Poisson probability distribution, for coherent light, is then analyzed. A criterion for lasing is given in terms of the chemical potential of radiation which is compared to the inequality for the transition from quantum to classical statistics. 相似文献
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In this paper, we have analyzed the wavelength conversion for a multihop wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transport networks to minimize the blocking probability. The analytical model is presented for a static-routing for a multihop paths wavelength conversion. The results have been validated for three cases, without wavelength conversion, with wavelength conversion and limited wavelength conversion. We show that by using wavelength conversion, there is significant improvement in performance of these transport networks. Each of the three cases of wavelength conversion is discussed for different degrees of conversions. It is observed that the higher the degree of conversion is, the lower is the blocking probability. Also as the degree of conversion is increased further, the curve for limited range conversion moves towards the no conversion. 相似文献