氢氟烃二元混合工质的组分分析

气相色谱法是最常用的混合工质组元浓度分析方法。针对氢氟烃二元混合物的特点,本文搭建了气相色谱法混合工质组分分析实验台,测定了9种氢氟烃二元混合物组元质量分数与峰面积百分比的对应关系。讨论了气相色谱法混合工质组分分析的理论方法,比较了2种标准曲线函数模型对实验数据的再现精度,本文提出的校正因子为变量的模型对实验数据的再现性较好,平均绝对偏差小于±0.25%,满足热物性研究对混合物组元成分分析的实验要求。     

计算液态混合物内能和内压的统计热力学理论

假定二元液态混合物分子间的相互作用势能可以表示成多体相互作用势能的和 ,分子间的力为短程力 ,相互作用势能只与分子间的相对距离有关 .利用分布函数理论导出了二元液态混合物的过剩内能和内压的公式 .二元液态混合物的过剩内能和内压可以表示成体积的幂级数形式 ,其中的系数可以用多体相互作用势和多体径向分布函数表出 .讨论了单元液体的内压和过剩内能的表达式 ,在两种特殊情形下 ,过剩内能和内压的表达式分别与Egelstaff的微扰论结果及Frank的实验结果具有相同的形式 .讨论了二元混合物内压和内能的两个特例 ,其一 ,在特殊情形下 ,给出了混合液体过剩内能的混合规则的一个证明 .其二 ,给出的二元混合物的过剩内能和内压的表达式与Frank的实验结果具有相同的形式     

HCs/HCs和HCs/CO2二元体系表面张力的预测

表面张力是非常重要的物性之一,本文将比容平移后的PR状态方程和密度梯度理论结合,建立了不依赖于混合物表面张力和气液相平衡实验数据的二元混合物表面张力的纯预测模型。对碳氢/碳氢和碳氢/二氧化碳二元体系的表面张力进行了预测,结果表明,本文模型对两组元碳原子数相差不大或者两组元分子结构满足链状和环状或环状和环状组合的碳氢/碳氢二元体系有较高的预测精度,同时模型对碳氢/二氧化碳二元体系表面张力也有较好的预测能力。     

有限振幅无规声波(噪声)非线性相互作用理论

本文提出一种有限振幅无规声波相互作用的理论。根据声源处窄带无规振动的速度幅值应遵循瑞利统计分布的规律,作者成功地将Fenlon理论直接推广到窄带无规声波的情形,并求得一系列以谱分解形式表示的结果。这种无规声波相互作用理论将与Fenlon关于简谐声波相互作用理论具有同样的普遍性与实用性。     

乙烷／丙烷混合工质流动沸腾传热研究

对乙烷、丙烷纯质及三种不同浓度比例的乙烷／丙烷二元混合物在内径为8mm的水平管内进行了饱和流动沸腾传热特性的实验研究,重点分析了热流密度、质量流量的变化对二元混合工质传热系数的影响。选用了4种专用于计算混合物流动换热的关联式,并与实验数据进行了比较,其中Gungor—Winterton and Thome关联式和Zou...     

一种新的对比态混合物状态方程的建立

1引言在混合替代工质的研究中，要分析其热力学性质和循环性能，必须有能够准确描述混合制冷剂性质的状态方程。目前计算采用的各种混合状态方程都必需有混合物各组分间的二元交互作用系数Kij。Kij的值一般需要由回归二元混合工质的PVTx实验数据或相平衡数据而得到。实际的混合工质替代研究中，常常没有或缺少混合物的实验数据。对于二元混合物而言，其热力性质应与组成这种混合物的两种纯质的性质密切相关，有可能以纯质的物性来表达混合物的性能，而大多数纯质制冷剂都有用实验数据回归的精度很高的专用状态方程和蒸气压方程。所以，如…     

多孔和复合媒质直流电导率的计算方法(Ⅱ)——应用于各向同性和各向异性复合材料

本文系统地讨论了复合媒质直流电导率的第一性原理计算方法,导出了计算定域各向异性的复合材料的有效电导率的积分方程,提出了计算有效电导率张量的简便方法。我们计算了定域各向异性材料的有效电导率张量。还发展了计算无周期性的更一般的复合材料的理论方法。另外,本文提出积分方程近似计算的一种新方法(双基展开法)。该方法可用于对孔隙度大的复杂结构作精确的理论计算,并具有节省计算时间的优点。 关键词：     

含醇二元体系表面张力预测模型

表面张力是重要的物性参数之一,与人们的生产生活密切相关.醇类及其混合物具有重要的工业应用价值.含醇混合物作为特殊的缔合体系,由于氢键的存在,性质复杂.本文应用密度梯度理论结合比容平移后的Peng-Robinson状态方程,回归了醇、水纯净物的作用因子关联式系数,建立了混合物的表面张力预测模型,计算了含醇二元缔合体系的表面张力,该模型不含有任何需要混合物表面张力实验数据回归确定的经验可调参数,对绝大多数含醇混合物具有很好的通用性和计算精度.     

天然气组元及其混合物的黏度计算

本文利用自由体积理论(FVT)并结合相关混合规则建立了一种可以预测天然气组元及其混合物黏度的计算模型。在对实验数据进行收集整理的基础上,通过对实验数据的回归计算确定了9种天然气基础组元的FVT模型参数,模型计算结果与实验数据之间的平均绝对相对偏差(AARD)小于2.8%。针对天然气组元的二元及多元混合物,本文利用FVT结合适当的混合规则对其黏度进行了预测,模型计算值与实验数据之间的AARD小于7.41%。     

一维无规混合各向异性海森伯自旋系统的磁性质

本文扩展了文献关于计算各向异性海森伯自旋系统配分函数的方法,计算了一维二元无规混合各向异性海森伯自旋系统的比热和磁化率。 关键词：     

Theory for anisotropic thermal conductivity of magnetic nanofluids

Effective thermal conductivity tensor for magnetic nanofluids containing magnetizable nanoparticles suspended in a base liquid is theoretically investigated with a two-step homogenization method. First, we adopt differential effective medium theory to determine the equivalent thermal conductivity of magnetizable nanoparticle chains. Second, we generalize self-consistent anisotropic effective medium theory to study the effective thermal conductivity tensors of magnetic nanofluids. Numerical results show that the aspect ratio of chain-like aggregated clusters plays an important role in enhancement of anisotropic thermal conductivity. In addition, our theoretical results on the elements of thermal conductivity parallel to the fields Kez and perpendicular to the fields Kex are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we predict the nonmonotonic dependence of effective thermal conductivity on magnetic field strength, in accordance with experimental reports.     

0.14THz折叠波导慢波结构的损耗特性

分析了两种常用来计算等效电导率的理论公式,并加工了折叠波导慢波结构进行冷测实验验证。在粗糙度为0.3μm时,0.14THz电磁波在无氧铜中传播的等效电导率约为4×107 S/m,这与已有理论公式的计算结果并不一致。最后初步讨论了这种不一致产生的原因,并提出了修正相关理论公式的想法。     

Comments on the effect of liquid layering on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

This article provides critical examinations of two mathematical models that have been developed in recent years to describe the impact of nano-layering on the enhancement of the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Discrepancy between the two models is found to be an artefact of an incorrect derivation used in one of the models. With correct formulation, both models predict effective thermal conductivity enhancements that are not significantly greater than those predicted by classical Maxwell theory. This study indicates that nano-layering by itself is unable to account for the effective thermal conductivity enhancements observed in nanofluids.     

A diagram technique for perturbation theory calculations of the effective conductivity of two-dimensional systems

The perturbation theory for calculating the ffective conductivity of the plane consisting of pieces of different conductivities is constructed, and a convenient diagram technique is elaborated for this perturbation theory. It is shown that for the chessboard, perturbative calculations give results that are in agreement with the well-known formula $\sigma _{eff} = \sqrt {\sigma _1 \sigma _2 } $ . The components of the effective conductivity tensor for the anisotropic three-color chessboard are calculated. It is shown that the isotropic (symmetric) part of the effective conductivity calculated up to the sixth order of perturbation theory satisfies the Bruggeman effective medium equation for symmetric three-color structures with equally partitioned components. We also consider an isotropic three-color chessboard with nonequal weights of colors. In this case, the perturbation theory in the fourth order contradicts the results following from the Bruggeman equation for nonequal weights.     

Effect of multipolar interaction on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids

Nanofluids or liquids with suspended nanoparticles are likely to be the future heat transfer media, as they exhibit higher thermal conductivity than those of liquids. It has been proposed that nanoparticles are apt to congregate and form clusters, and hence the interaction between nanoparticles becomes important. In this paper, by taking into account the interaction between nearest-neighbour inclusions, we adopt the multiple image method to investigate the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Numerical results show that then the thermal conductivity ratio between the nanoparticles and fluids is large, and the two nanoparticles are close up and even touch, and the point-dipole theory such as Maxwell--Garnett theory becomes rough as many-body interactions are neglected. Our theoretical results on the effective thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water nanofluids are in good agreement with experimental data.     

Effective thermal conduction in composite materials

The problem of determining the bounds and/or estimating the effective thermal conductivity (λ _eff) of a composite (multiphase) system given the volume fractions and the conductivities of the components has been investigated. A comparison between the measured data and the results predicted by theoretical models has been made for seven heterogeneous samples. The tested models include those of the effective medium theory (EMT), Hashin and Shtrikman (HS) bounds, and Wiener bounds. These models can be used to characterize macroscopic homogeneous and isotropic multiphase composite materials either by determining the bounds for the effective thermal conductivity and/or by estimating the overall conductivity of the random mixture. It turns out that the most suitable one of these models to estimate λ _eff is the EMT model. This model is a mathematical model based on the homogeneity condition which satisfies the existence of a statistically homogeneous medium that encloses inclusions of different phases. Numerical values of thermal conductivity for the samples that satisfy the homogeneity condition imposed by the effective medium theory are in best agreement with the experimentally measured ones.     

A Fractal Model for Effective Thermal Conductivity of Isotropic Porous Silica Low-k Materials

We establish a new model based on fractal theory and cubic spline interpolation to study the effective thermal conductivity of isotropic porous silica low-k materials. A 3D fractal model is introduced to describe the structure of the silica xerogel and silica hybrid materials （such as methylsilsesquioxane, MSQ）. Combined with fractal structure, a more suitable medium approximation is developed to study the isotropic porous silica xerogel and MSQ materials. Cubic spline interpolation for fitting discrete predictions from the fractal model is used to obtain the continuous function of the effective thermal conductivity versus porosity. Compared with other common models, the effective thermal conductivity predicted by our model presents better agreement with the experimental data for all porosity. These results indicate that the proposed model is valid.     

Derivative expansions of the non-equilibrium effective action

New techniques for evaluating the closed time path effective action for non-equilibrium quantum fields are presented. A derivative expansion is performed using a proper time kernel. Applications relevant to the scalar field theory of thermal inflation are discussed and dissipation terms resummed. The effective action of the electromagnetic field is also considered. In this case the leading term can be related to the conductivity of a plasma and has a simple interpretation in terms of the classical Drude theory of conductivity.     

Quantum criticality and minimal conductivity in graphene with long-range disorder

We consider the conductivity sigma of graphene with negligible intervalley scattering at half filling. We derive the effective field theory, which, for the case of a potential disorder, is a symplectic-class sigma model including a topological term with theta=pi. As a consequence, the system is at a quantum critical point with a universal value of the conductivity of the order of e(2)/h. When the effective time-reversal symmetry is broken, the symmetry class becomes unitary, and sigma acquires the value characteristic for the quantum Hall transition.     

YBa2Cu3O7-x的金属-绝缘体转变

借助于局域化的标度理论,我们对层状结构系统引进一个由电导各向异性或层间耦合决定的有效维度,认为电导的减小和有效维度的降低是YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x和其它氧化物金属-绝缘体转变的原因,同时也讨论了有限温度的标度理论以解释正常态电阻率的温度行为。 关键词：