基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱法非靶向筛查典型三嗪类除草剂

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap）研究典型三嗪类除草剂的特征质谱裂解规律。14种三嗪类除草剂的标准溶液经Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm）分离,用甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下采集离子信息。通过分析主要特征离子碎片发现：含O、含Cl和含S 3类亚型三嗪类除草剂质谱断裂方式包括：均三嗪环上氨基取代基的碳氮键断裂、均三嗪环上杂原子取代基自由基的丢失和均三嗪环的开环反应。含O三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 142.07234和m/z 100.05060,含Cl三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z104.00017,含S三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 116.02769。本研究中得到的三嗪类除草剂的裂解规律可作为非靶向筛查具有相似结构特征的三嗪类化合物的重要依据。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂

建立了猪肉中除虫脲、氟幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟酰脲、氟苯脲、虱螨脲、啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂药物残留量测定的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷提取,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪多反应监测,外标法定量和质谱确证。10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在5~200μg/L范围内响应与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9984;检测低限为5.0μg/kg;回收率范围为57.6%~110.0%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~12%(n=6)之间。方法满足国际上对苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂类药物最大残留限量的分析要求,已应于猪肉中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂残留的检测。     

二氢吡咯并噁嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了(1H)＿3,4＿二氢吡咯［2,1＿c］［1,4］嗪＿1＿酮及其6个苯甲酰基衍生物和两个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱(EIMS)中的主要裂解方式和特征,指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构。这8个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自α＿裂解和脱中性小分子碎片的重排裂解,由其产生的m／z164、m／z120和m／z92离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子;二氢吡咯嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物和苯乙酰基衍生物的基峰都为m／z164。     

自动筛查保健品口服液中芬太尼类精神活性物质

建立了液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法监测口服液中33种芬太尼类精神药物的定向自动筛查方法。样品在盐析的作用下，乙腈超声提取，固相基质分散净化，在电喷雾正离子模式下，一级四极杆质谱在m/z 2.0隔离窗口下过滤带电分子离子，高分辨静电场轨道阱质谱自动触发子离子全扫描分析，根据芬太尼的精确质量数、同位素丰度比、二级碎片离子建立标准物质数据库，采用Trace Finder 5.1软件自动检索匹配完成目标物的筛查。口服液中33种芬太尼类方法定量限为(LOQ) 10μg/kg,分析物在5～200μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R²≥0.999 3;方法回收率在72.6%～102.4%之间，相对标准偏差为3.8%～10.5%。结果表明，所建立的筛查方法可用于口服液中33种芬太尼类精神药物的自动筛查与测定，具有准确、快速、实用的特点。     

四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析芬太尼类药物的裂解规律北大核心CSCD

采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪,在分辨率高达70000情况下,直接采集碎裂片段的高精度质荷比(m/z),并通过元素模拟得到各碎片离子的元素组成,进而探究芬太尼类药物的裂解规律。结果表明:芬太尼类药物分子结构中叔胺基团的存在,使其极易被质子化,形成分子离子峰[M+H]^(+);裂解过程首先发生在叔胺与哌啶环相连的C-N键上,即哌啶环上的γ-H重排到与叔胺基团相连的羰基氧上,哌啶环上的β-键断裂(麦氏重排),形成一个中性丢失分子,另一端形成带电荷的碎裂片段,在高碰撞能量下,碎裂片段进一步发生裂解。按照化学结构将37种芬太尼类药物及其裂解途径划分为3类:(1)结构中含有N-苯基丙酰胺基团(149 Da),均可形成以149 Da为中性丢失的特征碎片离子m/z[M+H-149 Da]^(+);(2)N-苯基丙酰胺基团被其他任意非氢原子取代,而与之相连的哌啶环-苯乙基结构保持不变,中性丢失后则可产生特征碎片离子m/z 188.1433(C_(13)H_(18)N^(+)),随后哌啶环与苯乙基进一步发生N-C键断裂,形成特征碎片离子m/z 105.0702(C_(8)H_(9)^(+))和m/z 84.0814(C_(5)H_(10)N^(+));(3)不含完整母核结构的芬太尼类药物,多由修饰后的N-苯基酰胺与哌啶环构成,不能通过上述特征碎片离子进行定性,但均能通过高碰撞能量下吡啶环及其裂解产物m/z 84.0814(C_(5)H_(10)N^(+))和m/z 54.0724(C_(3)H_(4)N^(+))进行快速鉴定。     

紫草素及去氧紫草素的ESI离子阱质谱裂解分析

应用电喷雾离子阱多级质谱技术对紫草素及其活性衍生物去氧紫草素的结构和质谱裂解规律进行比较研究,并在负离子模式下解析了紫草素的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。紫草素负离子模式下的主要碎片为m/z 287,269,259,218,190及173;其中,碎片m/z 218是其特征峰,碎片m/z 269和m/z 259均可进一步裂解为m/z 241,碎片m/z 190为m/z 259和m/z 218的共同产物离子;此外,碎片m/z 190和m/z 173均可进一步裂解为m/z 162。去氧紫草素负离子模式下主要裂解为碎片m/z 271、253、228和203;其中,碎片m/z253是其特征峰。紫草素和去氧紫草素均能发生过渡态氢重排β-裂解和连续的CO中性丢失。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法非靶向筛查西红柿中三唑类杀菌剂

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱非靶向快速筛查西红柿中三唑类杀菌剂的方法。样品用乙腈提取、QuEChERS净化、BEH C₁₈（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm）色谱柱分离，以乙腈和水（均含0.1%（v/v）甲酸）为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用四极杆飞行时间质谱仪进行检测。质谱离子源为电喷雾电离源，采集方式为正离子数据非依赖分析MS^E扫描模式。将19种三唑类杀菌剂按化学结构的不同分为8类。首先通过对8类典型三唑类杀菌剂中代表性的8种标准品的二级质谱图进行分析，总结出三唑类杀菌剂经碰撞诱导解离后产生的特征碎片离子和特征中性碎片丢失的质谱裂解规律，然后再利用另外11种三唑类杀菌剂标准品进行验证，并用于16份北京市售西红柿的非靶向筛查，在1份样品中筛查出烯唑醇。该方法快速、简便、准确率高，可为食品中三唑类杀菌剂残留的筛查提供参考。     

基质固相分散-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蔬菜中残留的苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂

建立了基质固相分散技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂(除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲)和双酰肼类杀虫剂(甲氧虫酰肼、虫酰肼)的方法。蔬菜样品经中性氧化铝和石墨化炭黑研磨,乙酸乙酯淋洗,洗脱液浓缩定容后,经超高效液相色谱分离,分别在正、负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,9种杀虫剂在1～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.99);在1、5、10、100 μg/kg 4个加标水平上的回收率为78.5%～112.8%;相对标准偏差为2.3%～10.2%,检出限为0.5～1.0 μg/kg。该方法操作简便快速,样品和溶剂用量少,检出限低,可满足蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂同时检测的要求。     

甘露糖磷酰氨基酸缀合物的ESI-MS研究

一系列全乙酰保护甘露糖-1-磷酰氨基酸酯缀合物的α构型和β构型异构体的ESI-MSn裂解规律研究表明, β构型异构体会出现一系列特征的m/z 433, 391, 371的碎片离子, 且［M-CH2CHCH3+Na］+碎片丰度较大. ［M-糖基+Na］+和［糖基+Na］+碎片相对丰度较小. α构型分子反之. 同时对全乙酰保护的［糖基+Na］+ m/z 353碎片离子进行三级碎裂, 其主要特征是消除CH2CO和AcOH中性分子的碎片离子, 而且其它位羟基构型的差异对质谱中碎裂方式影响不大.     

酸性染料在四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱中的离子化与裂解规律

采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(Q-Orbitrap-HRMS),对结构性质差异大的常见18种酸性染料的分子离子峰存在形式进行研究,并在分辨率高达70 000条件下,直接采集准分子离子峰碎裂片段的高精度质量数(分辨率>70 000,m/z 200),通过元素模拟得到碎片离子的元素组成,进而探究酸性红1、酸性蓝9和酸性红18的裂解规律。结果表明:该类染料的分子离子峰是通过丢掉全部Na+离子后,自身形成带负电荷离子,以其中含有多个磺酸基(SO-3)的二价准分子离子为基峰;随着能量增加,裂解过程主要集中在化合物支链单键上,其中偶氮基团结构存在叠氮-偶氮的互变异构体,高键能的偶氮键■重排为氮氮单键(-NH-■)后,易发生C-N键和-NH-■键的断裂,同时伴随小分子的中性丢失,产生m/z 79.955 7(SO-3离子)的特征碎片离子。此外,通过直接进样确定18种酸性染料的最佳电离方式和分子离子峰存在形式,得到酸性红1、酸性蓝9和酸性红18的质谱裂解规律,可为相似染料的电喷雾质谱行为解析提供参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.