粮谷中8种痕量真菌毒素的定量分析方法

建立了大米、小麦和大豆中黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、柄曲霉素和异烟棒曲霉素C 8种真菌毒素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品加入正己烷去除油脂,用60%乙腈振荡液液分配提取,取乙腈水层过滤膜后分析。在电喷雾电离(ESI)正离子模式下采用多反应监测(MRM)进行测定。定量方法采用同位素内标稀释法,8种真菌毒素在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性系数均不低于0.997 0。空白样品的加标回收率为77%～123%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%～13.3%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,可用于粮谷中真菌毒素的检测。     

基于分散固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大米中8种真菌毒素

建立了大米中HT-2毒素、T-2毒素、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和黄曲霉毒素B1共8种真菌毒素的快速测定方法。比较了3种基于分散固相萃取原理的样品前处理方法(即Qu ECh ERS方法、EMR-lipid方法以及Dis Qu E方法)对8种真菌毒素的回收率;以提取后加标法考察大米基质中各目标物LC-MS/MS分析的基质效应。结果表明,Qu ECh ERS样品前处理方法不适于伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2和赭曲霉毒素A分析;而EMR-lipid样品前处理方法无法消除玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A在大米中的基质效应。据此采用Dis Qu E方法并优化LC-MS/MS分析参数,一次进样监测16对离子对(每个化合物2对离子对)分析大米中的8种真菌毒素残留量。8种真菌毒素在3个添加水平下的回收率为70.0%~124.1%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~16.9%,检出限(S/N≥3)为1.2~60.0μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于大米中多种真菌毒素的快速分析。     

基于QuEChERS提取的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定干腌火腿中15种真菌毒素

建立了干腌火腿中15种真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、赭曲霉毒素A、橘青霉素、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素、蛇形菌素、新茄镰孢菌醇、疣孢青霉原、O-甲基杂色曲霉素、杂色曲霉素、环匹阿尼酸、青霉酸)多残留的液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱(QTrap LC-MS/MS)检测方法。火腿样品经含1%甲酸的乙腈水溶液提取,Qu ECh ERS方法净化后,以含0.1%甲酸和9.9%乙腈的5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(A)与含0.1%甲酸的乙腈(B)为流动相,经Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,以多级反应监测(MRM),通过信息相关扫描方式(IDA)触发增强子离子扫描(EPI),结合建立的15种真菌毒素的标准谱图库检索的多模式进行分析。结果表明,15种真菌毒素在0.05~200μg/L范围呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.993,定量下限为0.05~2.5μg/kg。样品在1倍、2倍、10倍定量下限3个加标水平下的平均回收率为79.1%~95.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2%~12.8%。该方法灵敏、简便、准确,可用于干腌肉类中真菌毒素的检测分析。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法同时测定曲霉菌代谢物中的黄曲霉毒素及其同系物

建立了同时检测曲霉菌代谢物中黄曲霉毒素和同系物的超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱测定方法。寄生曲霉(菌株3.124)经PDA液体培养基培养,Qu ECh ERS方法提取净化后经线性离子阱(QTrap)质量分析器分析(正离子模式,多反应检测),检出3.124代谢物中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)、O-甲基杂色曲霉素(MST)、杂色曲霉素(ST)6种真菌毒素。结果表明,6种代谢物在0.1~40μg/L范围内线型关系良好,相关系数均大于0.993,检出限在0.03~0.2μg/L之间,定量限在0.1~0.5μg/L之间。本方法 6种代谢物日内回收率为81.3%~92.1%,相对偏差(RSD)为4.3%~8.6%;日间回收率为81.8%~91.5%,RSD为4.0%~8.7%。方法可满足霉菌代谢物中黄曲霉毒素及其类似物的检测与确证的需要。     

基于QuEChERS提取的快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中的9种真菌毒素

建立了婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马毒素B1共9种真菌毒素的快速测定方法。试样用改良的QuEChERS方法进行提取,无需进一步净化,直接用液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行测定,基质外标法定量。在较宽的线性范围内,9种毒素的线性相关系数(r²)均不小于0.98,检出限为0.1~15.8 μg/kg,在3个不同添加水平下的加标回收率为77.6%~105.7%,RSD为2.5%~13.7%。采用建立的方法对市面上销售的41批次婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中的9种真菌毒素进行了筛查,数批产品检出不同含量的毒素。该方法准确、灵敏,可适用于婴幼儿谷基辅助食品中多种真菌毒素的快速分析。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱法测定益母草中7种真菌毒素

建立液相色谱-质谱法测定益母草中黄曲霉毒素G2、G1、B2、B1、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、展青霉素7种真菌毒素的方法。样品经过70%甲醇溶液超声提取,用水稀释后用固相萃取柱富集净化,以C18色谱柱分离,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,7种真菌毒素得到快速分离。7种真菌毒素的质量浓度与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9972~0.9992之间,检出限为0.047~4.724μg/kg。平均加标回收率为72.8%~95.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%~5.7%(n=6)。该检测方法可同时高效准确检测益母草中7种真菌毒素的含量,可用于赭曲霉毒素A的定量风险评估,为益母草的安全评价提供了科学依据。     

电化学衍生-高效液相色谱和荧光光度法检测花生酱中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-柱后电化学衍生-高效液相色谱结合荧光光度法检测花生酱中4种黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)的方法。样品经过体积分数为60%的甲醇提取,通过免疫亲和柱净化后,以KobraCell装置柱后衍生,高效液相色谱法分离定量。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2能达到完全的基线分离,检测限分别为0.5、0.15、0.5和0.15μg/kg,线性相关系数0.999,回收率可达74.2%～96.5%,相对标准偏差低于11%。该方法能够满足花生酱中黄曲霉毒素检测的需要。     

免疫亲和萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分离测定中成药及中药材中的5种黄曲霉毒素

利用免疫亲和萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱技术(UHPLC-ESI/QqQ-MS/MS)建立了中成药及中药材中5种黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1、G2和M1)的提取、分离、确证与定量方法。样品经80%(体积分数)的甲醇水溶液提取和免疫亲和固相萃取后,采用UHPLC-ESI/QqQ-MS/MS的多反应监测模式实现分离、鉴定和外标法定量。5种目标毒素标准溶液的检出限(LOD)为0.05～0.3 μg/L。在0.5～100 μg/L的基质添加浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2＞0.99);以甘草为例,当添加水平为1.0 μg/kg和5.0 μg/kg时,得到62.3%～82.4%的回收率(相对标准偏差(RSD)＜10%, n=6)。该方法灵敏度高、选择性和重复性好、回收率较高、检测速度快,适用于中成药及中药材等复杂基体中多种黄曲霉毒素的快速分析与筛查。     

Qu ECh ERS/LC-MS/MS法测定食品中7种真菌毒素

建立了食品中常见的黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、赭曲霉毒素B(OTB)和赭曲霉毒素C(OTC) 7种真菌毒素的QuEChERS前处理净化结合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品用甲酸-乙腈(10∶90)进行酸化稀释,离心后取上清液经吸附净化剂(1. 2 g MgSO4+0. 25 g C18+0. 4 g PSA+0. 25 g Al-N)富集净化,过滤后采用LC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定。7种真菌毒素在各自范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均不小于0. 999。在最佳条件下,方法的定量下限(LOQ)为0. 25~5. 0μg/kg,7种毒素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1. 1%~7. 7%,平均回收率为71. 5%~119%。该方法操作方便、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足大批量食品中上述7种真菌毒素残留的检测要求。     

加速溶剂萃取-QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定药食同源性食品中16种真菌毒素

建立了加速溶剂萃取-QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定药食同源性食品中16种真菌毒素的方法。样品经过加速溶剂萃取后用QuEChERS方法净化，液相色谱分离，在正、负离子同时扫描和多反应离子监测模式下检测，黄曲霉毒素B1和伏马毒素B1采用内标法定量，其余毒素采用基质外标法定量。在较宽的线性范围内，16种目标化合物的线性相关系数（r²）均大于0.99。该方法的检出限为0.008~0.3 μg/kg，定量限为0.03~1.0 μg/kg，在3个不同添加水平下的加标回收率为70.8%~118%，RSD为2.5%~10.2%。采用建立的方法分别对市面上销售的30个批次的山银花、葛根和沙棘产品进行检测，部分产品检出不同含量的真菌毒素。该方法快速、灵敏，适用于药食同源性食品中多种真菌毒素的同时检测。     

花生及其制品中多种霉菌毒素残留同时测定方法

利用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS／MS）建立了花生及其制品中多种霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素（B1,B2,G1,G2）、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马毒素B1、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素及玉米赤霉烯酮的同时测定方法。样品经PBS溶液和甲醇-水溶液提取,提取液经稀释、过滤后,用免疫亲和柱净化,通过淋洗去除免疫亲和柱上的杂质,随后用洗脱液过柱,将目标物分离下来,氮吹干后定容。以液相色谱-质谱／质谱测定,外标法定量。方法的检出限黄曲霉毒素B1为0．0005mg／kg,黄曲霉毒素B2,G1,G2为0．001mg／kg,赭曲霉毒素A为0．002mg／kg,伏马毒素B1为0．020mg／kg,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇为0．050mg／kg,T-2毒素为0．010mg／kg,HT-2毒素为0．010mg／kg,玉米赤霉烯酮为0．002mg／kg。在样品中添加检出限水平的毒素混标溶液,加标回收率为72．35％-97．82％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为8．95％～18．41％（n=10）.     

Combined phenyl silane and immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography for determination of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee: collaborative study

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a liquid chromatography (LC) method for ochratoxin A using sequential phenyl silane and immunoaffinity column cleanup. The method was tested at 3 different levels of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee, which spanned the range of possible future European regulatory limits. The test portion was extracted with methanol and sodium bicarbonate by shaking for 30 min. The extract was filtered, centrifuged, and then cleaned up on a phenyl silane column before being eluted from the washed column with methanol-water. The eluate was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and applied to an ochratoxin A immunoaffinity column, which was washed with water. The ochratoxin A was eluted with methanol, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was redissolved in injection solvent. After injection of this solution onto a reversed-phase LC apparatus, ochratoxin A was measured by fluorescence detection. Eight laboratory samples of low-level naturally contaminated roasted coffee and 2 laboratory samples of blank coffee (< 0.2 ng/g ochratoxin A at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1), along with ampules of ochratoxin A calibrant and spiking solutions, were sent to 15 laboratories in 13 different European countries. Test portions of the laboratory samples were spiked at levels of 4 ng/g ochratoxin A, and recoveries ranged from 65 to 97%. Based on results for spiked blank material (blind duplicates) and naturally contaminated material (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2 to 22% and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 14 to 26%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision, as evidenced by HORRAT values, at the low level of determination for ochratoxin A in roasted coffee.     

Liquid chromatographic method with immunoaffinity column cleanup for determination of ochratoxin A in barley: collaborative study

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method with immunoaffinity column cleanup for determination of ochratoxin A. The method was tested at 3 concentration levels of ochratoxin A in barley, which represent possible future European regulatory limits. The test portion was extracted with acetonitrile-water by blending at high speed. The extract was filtered, diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and applied to an ochratoxin A immunoaffinity column. The column was washed with water and the ochratoxin A eluted with methanol. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue redissolved in injection solvent. After injection of this solution onto reversed-phase LC column, ochratoxin A was measured by fluorescence detection. Eight samples of low level naturally contaminated barley and 2 samples of blank barley (ochratoxin A not found at the limit of detection of 0.2 microg/kg at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3 to 1) were sent, along with ampules of ochratoxin A, calibrant, and spiking solutions, to 15 laboratories in 13 different European countries. Test portions were spiked with ochratoxin A at levels of 4 ng/g, and recoveries ranged from 65 to 113%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates) and naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 4 to 24%, and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 12 to 33%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision, as evidenced by HORRAT values, at the low level of determination for ochratoxin A in barley.     

Determination and survey of ochratoxin A in wheat, barley, and coffee--1997

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a nephrotoxic and nephrocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It has been found mainly in cereal grains and coffee beans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of OA in cereal grains and in coffee imported to the United States. A modified liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining OA in green coffee was applied to wheat, barley, green coffee, and roasted coffee. The test sample was extracted with methanol-1% NaHCO3 (7 + 3), and the extract was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), filtered, and passed through an immunoaffinity column. After the column was washed with PBS and then with water, OA was eluted with methanol. The eluate was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile-water (1 + 1). OA was separated on a reversed-phase C18 LC column with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (55 + 45 + 1) as eluant and quantitated with a fluorescence detector. Recoveries of OA from the 4 commodities spiked over the range 1-4 ng/g were 71-96%. The limit of detection was about 0.03 ng/g. OA contamination at > 0.03 ng/g was found in 56 of 383 wheat samples, 11 of 103 barley samples, 9 of 19 green coffee samples, and 9 of 13 roasted coffee samples. None of the coffee samples contained OA at > 5 ng/g; only 4 samples of wheat and 1 sample of barley were contaminated above this level.     

疏水相互作用色谱法分离大豆凝集素

采用疏水相互作用色谱法（ＨＩＣ）,以苯基琼脂糖凝胶ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ为固定相,硫酸铵－磷酸盐缓冲溶液（ｐＨ６．８）为流动相,从大豆匀浆液中分离出大豆凝集素（ＳＢＡ）。     

氯甲基苯乙烯包夹硅基单柱强阴离子固定相的制备及应用

用氯甲基苯乙烯包夹硅胶基质制备出一种新型强阴离子色谱柱填料,该填料具有良好的色谱性能,可以较好地分离常见的一些无机阴离子;另外,该填料可以对油田中用作驱油剂的单、双石油磺酸盐进行较好的分离。     

Preparation of immunoaffinity mini-columns for the analysis of platelet activating factor (PAF) in biological samples.

Using an antibody to BN 52719, an analogue of platelet activating factor (PAF), immunoaffinity mini-columns for the separation of PAF from biological samples were prepared. Rabbits were immunized with BN 52719 and immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the antiserum was coupled with Sepharose 4B. The resulting suspension of the IgG-coated Sepharose 4B in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) was poured into a plastic mini-column (bed volume 2.0 x 0.8 cm). Stepwise elution of the column with methanol revealed that lyso-PAF is eluted with 20-30% methanol in water whereas PAF is eluted with 50-80% methanol. For the determination of PAF in biological samples, it is recommended that lipids are extracted from the samples and the extract, reconstituted in 20% methanol, is loaded on the column. The column is then washed with 50% methanol followed by elution of PAF with 80% methanol. A small amount of [3H]PAF is added to the samples for measurement of the recoveries of PAF during the procedures of extraction and elution. The PAF is then quantified by radioimmunoassay or bioassay. Employing the immunoaffinity mini-column and radioimmunoassay, the contents of PAF in macrophages and conditioned medium after stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187, or tumor promoters such as TPA and thapsigargin, were measured.     

以局部结构类似物为类模板的分子印迹整体柱在线检测三甲氧苄啶

以三聚氰胺(MAM)为类模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚己二醇(PEG400)为致孔剂,原位聚合法制备了对三甲氧苄啶(TMP)有较强选择性吸附作用的分子印迹(MIP)整体柱.以该MIP整体柱为高效液相色谱柱,考察了其在不同色谱流动相组成条件下对TMP的识别性能.结果显示,MIP整体柱在甲醇、乙腈、水等条件下能够吸附TMP而不出峰.可以利用MIP整体.柱在甲醇-水( 80:20,V/V)中在线选择性吸附(或富集)TMP,然后将流动相转换为甲醇进一步除去疏水性杂质,最后用强洗脱剂洗脱TMP出峰.MIP整体柱线检测人血清中TMP的工作曲线为A=42.8c 3.03(r=0.9994);线性范围为8.3～93.8 mg/L;检出限为0.14 mg/L.     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分离鉴定烟草中5种糖苷类香味前体物质

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)并结合气相色谱-质谱法分离鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质。烟样经甲醇提取、XAD-2柱净化,得到初步纯化的糖苷,在pH 5条件下将其酶解,释放出糖苷配基。采用气相色谱-质谱分析并通过标准谱库检索确定了5种挥发性苷元;然后通过电喷雾质谱(负离子模式)确定糖苷母离子并作碎片离子扫描(MS2),确定了5种糖苷类香味前体物质的存在形式;最后采用UPLC-ESI MS/MS,以甲醇和乙酸-乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,通过RP-C18柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下,鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质,为应用液相色谱-质谱分析缺乏标准样品的糖苷类香味前体物质奠定了基础。