取代乙烯顺反异构体键能和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

对十甲种取代乙烯（XX’CCYY’）顺反异构体进行了DFT-B3LYP/6-31G（d)水 平的几何全优化的总能量、总键能的计算。结果表明，对无共轭大π键的二取代乙 烯，其顺式异构体的总能量比反式异构体的低，前沿轨道能隙、总键能和总π键能 均比反式异构体的大，而对有共轭大π键的体系，其情况则刚好相反。表明对于前 者其顺式异构体比反式异构体稳定，而对于后者则反式异构体比顺式异构体稳定。     

二氯菊酯光学异构体的分析

利用顺式二氯菊酯和反式二氯菊酸的溶解度不同及pKa值的差异，分离二氯菊酸中的顺式体和反式体，可取得较好的效果（反式二氯菊酸收率83．7％，顺式二氯菊酸收率88．9％），以S（－）－α－甲基苄胺为拆分剂，对顺式－2，2－二甲基－3－3（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸酯（俗称顺式二氯菊酯）类杀虫剂合成中间体0顺式－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸（俗称顺式二氯菊酸）进行拆分，可以得到其旋光异构体；其旋光异构体与S（－）－α－甲基苄胺衍生化，生成相应的酰胺；经TLC纯化后，以外消旋顺式二氯菊酸酰胺作为对照，用HPLC检测其旋光异构体的光学纯度；结果显示，顺式－R（＋）－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羟酸光学纯度为93．7％，顺式－S（－）－2，2－二甲基－3－（2，2－二氯乙烯基）环丙烷羧酸光学纯度为81．8％，对反式二氯菊酸的光学纯度分析，可采用类似的方法：经顺，反分离，旋光异构体拆分获得的高效中间体，再进行后序合成，其顺反比，旋光纯度不变。     

聚乙烯基吡啶共聚物与取代苯基偶氮苯酚复合物的制备及其液晶性质

通过分子间弱相互作用力组装形成的液晶高分子与一般侧链液晶高分子相比，其介晶基元与聚合物主链搭配选择范围宽，且易于组装制备．因此，将氢键［１，２］，离子键［３，４］等引入液晶高分子制备领域，越来越引起人们的兴趣．目前以吡啶 羧基氢键组装成的侧链液晶高分...     

cis－［Pt（NH_3）_2Cl_2］和trans－［Pt（NH_3）_2Cl_2］的微型合成

ｃｉｓ－［Ｐｔ（ＮＨ_３）_２Ｃｌ_２］和ｔｒａｎｓ－［Ｐｔ（ＮＨ_３）_２Ｃｌ_２］的微型合成袁书玉，来月英（清华大学化学系，北京１０００８４）ｃｉｓ－［Ｐｔ（ＮＨ２）２Ｃｌ２］为一抗癌药物，而它的反式异构体却没有这一特性。其原因也已在进行研究［１］。由...     

结构受阻对取代苯乙烯基吡嗪光物理行为的影响

有关藻类化合物衍生物的荧光发光及其顺反异构化是长期来一直受到广泛注意的问题［’，2］，近年来特别在发现了街的两侧苯环联有推、拉电子能力基团、构成了分子内共轭的电行转移化合物后，其荧光发射有了较大幅度的增长［3，4］，使人们对这一问题的研究更加关切．由于荧光的增长会导致异构化反应的减少，促使人们提出所谓的激发态多衰变通道的观点［5，6］以激发的英分子为例；已认识到其中的双键扭转应为异构化（无辐射衰变的一种）的主要通道，而蔑分子的平面态或双键二侧单键的扭转态则是荧光发射（辐射衰变）的主要途径·所有这些看…     

顺、反式结构对MPV异构体的分子构型和吸收光谱的影响

采用量子化学B3LYP／6－31G方法，分别优化；计算了MPV三种异构体的几何和电子结构，结果表明，在异构体中反式结构为平面构型，顺式结构为非平面构型，反式结构增加可使异构体的UV最大吸收峰有规则红移，解释了实验现象，并对烷氧基取代聚对苯乙炔中的顺、反异构其对相关性质的影响进行了有益的讨论。     

量热法研究Cr3+水解聚合作用的热力学性质

水合多价金属离子在水溶液中发生水解聚合是一种普遍现象，铬（Ⅲ）离子就是这样的金属离子，具有水解聚合特征，铬（Ⅲ）的许多应用常与其水解特性有关［1］，虽然早在1907年Bjerrum［2］已经指出，但迄今为止，有关它的水解聚合的研究报道仍然较少［3］，而用微量热法研究Cr3十水解聚合作用的热力学还未见报道．Cr3＋水解聚合状态与其浓度有关，在低浓度和较高浓度下发现水解聚合产物不同．在较高浓度下形成单羟联的聚合质点，此观点曾相继由Hall［4］、戴安邦［5］等人提出并得到了验证．之后，戴安邦等人对Cr3＋的水解聚合作用进行了…     

钯II催化CO/乙烯共聚加压原位红外光谱研究

聚酿以其优良的物理、化学性能及原料（CO乙烯）简单易得的优点，在世界范围内已引起人们的普遍关注．为寻找价廉的催化剂或改良高效或（11）一双磷催化剂以推动聚酮的工业化进程，必须对共聚机理进行深入的研究．S；，n［’，’1、DrentP］等人根据对产品主链和端基的分析首先     

葡萄酒中顺反式白藜芦醇异构体的反相高效液相色谱法测定

建立了一种同时检测葡萄酒中功能成分白藜芦醇及其糖苷的4种异构体含量的RP -HPLC方法。通过紫外照射促使白藜芦醇及其糖苷的反式异构体转化 ,以获得顺式异构体标准样品 ,以葡萄酒直接进样方式及水 -乙腈二元梯度洗脱同时测定葡萄酒中白藜芦醇4种异构体含量。4种异构体回收率在92.4%～98.6%之间 ,相对标准偏差在3.06%～5.42%之间。采用本方法测定国产“龙徽”干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇总量达到6.64mg·L -1,其中80 %以上为反式异构体成分。葡萄酒开启4h和8h后白藜芦醇总量分别减少了18%和38 %,其中反式白藜芦醇糖苷的损失尤为严重。本实验建立的RP -HPLC方法能够简便、有效地检测葡萄酒中4种白藜芦醇异构体含量     

（四甲基二硅撑）二（3－三甲硅基环戊二烯基）四羰基二铁及其相关化合物的合成及结构

１，２－二（三甲硅基环戊二烯基）四甲基二硅烷与Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_５在二甲苯中于１０５～１１０℃反应除分离到少量标题化合物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η－（３－Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）］_２（μ－ＣＯ）_２（５）外，主要是生成了脱Ｍｅ_３Ｓｉ基的产物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η－Ｃ_５Ｈ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）］_２（μ－ＣＯ）_２（１）及１的热重排异构体［Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＣ５Ｈ４－Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２（２）．将５的二甲苯溶液加热回流１８ｈ，则转化为其异构体［Ｍｅ_２Ｓｉ（Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２（６）．脱硅基发生在由相应反应物制备５的过程中。且脱硅基是与反应物中（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）桥的存在有关．５的晶体结构经Ｘ射线衍射测定属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｍ空间群，晶体学数据：ａ＝０．６７８０（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝２．２３０３（９）ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．９９８８（１）ｎｎ，；β＝９８．９６（１）°，Ｖ＝１．４９６０ｎｍ~３．Ｚ＝２，Ｄ_ｃ＝１．３６ｇ／ｃｍ~３．     

Populations of carbonic acid isomers at 210 K from a fast two-electron reduced-density matrix theory

Parametrization of the 2-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) rather than the many-electron wave function yields a new family of electronic-structure methods that are faster and more accurate than traditional coupled electron-pair methods including coupled cluster with single and double excitations. Deriving the parametrization from N-representability conditions generates a 2-RDM that captures significant correlation from triple and higher-order excitations at the cost of double excitations. We apply the parametric 2-RDM method to confirm recent experiments determining the relative thermodynamic populations of the cis-cis and cis-trans isomers of carbonic acid. In 2010 Bernard et al. showed by infrared spectroscopy that the populations of cis-cis and cis-trans isomers have a 10:1 ratio at 210 K. By use of the parametric 2-RDM method, we predict a 8:1 ratio at 210 K. Comparable ab initio methods overestimate the stability of the cis-cis isomer with 24:1 and 21:1 ratios. These 2-RDM-based methods promise to have significant applications throughout chemistry.     

Determination of vitamin K1 in emulsified nutritional supplements by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn reduction on a platinum catalyst and fluorescence detection

Determination of small amounts of vitamin K1 (0.8 microg/g) in nutritional supplements with high fat content (20 mg/g) was performed by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after reduction on a platinum oxide catalyst. The concentration ratio of plant oils to vitamin K1 (0.8 microg/g) was about 25,000:1. A sample solution was applied to a solid-phase extraction cartridge and vitamin K1 was eluted with ethanol, followed by HPLC. The proposed method was simple, rapid (analysis time: ca. 12 min), sensitive [detection limit: ca. 0.1 pg per injection (100 microl) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1], highly selective and reproducible [relative standard deviation: ca. 1.3%. (n=5)]. The calibration graph of vitamin K1 was linear in the range of 0-2 pg per injection (100 microl). Recovery of vitamin K1 was over 90% by the standard addition method.     

Determination of the cis-trans isomerization barrier of several L-peptidyl-L-proline dipeptides by dynamic capillary electrophoresis and computer simulation

Dynamic capillary electrophoresis (DCE) and computer simulation of the elution profiles with the theoretical plate and the stochastic model has been applied to determine the isomerization barriers of the three dipeptides L-alanyl-L-proline, L-leucyl-L-proline, and L-phenylalanyl-L-proline. The separation of the rotational cis-trans isomers has been performed in an aqueous 70 mM borate buffer at pH 9.5. Interconversion profiles featuring plateau formation and peak broadening were observed. To determine the rate constants k1 and k(-1) of the cis-trans isomerization in dynamic capillary electrophoresis, equations have been derived for the theoretical plate model and stochastic model. The electropherograms were simulated with the ChromWin software which uses the experimental data plateau height h(plateau), peak width at half height Wh, the total migration times of the cis-trans isomers tR and the electroosmotic break-through time t0 as well as the peak ratio [cis]/[trans]. From temperature-dependent measurements, the rate constants k1 and k(-1) and the kinetic activation parameters deltaG#, deltaH# and deltaS# of the cis-trans isomerization of the three dipeptides were obtained.     

Selective synthesis of vitamin K3 over mesoporous NbSBA-15 catalysts synthesized by an efficient hydrothermal method

Well hexagonally ordered NbSBA-15 catalysts synthesized by an efficient hydrothermal method were used, for the first time, for the selective synthesis of vitamin K(3) by liquid-phase oxidation of 2-methyl-1-naphthol (2MN1-OH) under various reaction conditions. The recyclable NbSBA-15 catalysts were also reused to find their catalytic activities. To investigate the leaching of non-framework niobium species on the surface of silica networks, the results of original and recyclable NbSBA-15 catalysts were correlated and compared. To find an optimum condition for the selective synthesis of vitamin K(3), the washed NbSBA-15(2.2pH) was extensively used in this reaction with various reaction parameters such as temperature, time and ratios of reactant (2M1N-OH to H(2)O(2)), and the obtained results were also demonstrated. Additionally, the liquid-phase oxidation of 2M1N-OH was carried out with different solvents to find the best solvent with a good catalytic activity. Based on the all catalytic studies, the vitamin K(3) selectivity (97.3%) is higher in NbSBA-15(2.2pH) than that of other NbSBA-15 catalysts, and the NbSBA-15(2.2pH) is found to be a highly active and eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the selective synthesis of vitamin K(3).     

Aromatic derivatives of 2-furylcyclopropane

Conclusions The synthesis of 1-phenyl- and 1-naphthyl-2-(2-furyl) cyclopropanes by Kishner decomposition of the corresponding pyrazolines and by the Huang-Minlon reaction yields a 3070 cis-trans ratio of products.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2761–2764, December, 1981.     

Direct calculation of interconversion barriers in dynamic chromatography and electrophoresis: Isomerization of captopril

Dynamic capillary electrophoresis (DCE) and direct calculation of the rate constants of isomerization has been applied to determine the cis-trans isomerization barriers of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. The separation of the rotational cis-trans isomeric drug has been performed in an aqueous 50 mM borate buffer at pH 9.3. Interconversion profiles featuring plateau formation, peak-broadening, and peak coalescence were observed. To determine the rate constants of the forward and backward reaction (k(cis-->trans) and k(trans-->cis)) of the isomerization process in dynamic capillary electrophoresis, a novel straightforward calculation method using the experimental parameters plateau height, h(plateau), peak width at half height w(h), the total migration times of the cis-trans isomers t(R) and the electroosmotic break-through time t(0) as well as the peak ratio of the cis-trans isomers is presented for the first time. From temperature dependent measurements the rate constants k(cis-->trans) and k(trans-->cis) and the kinetic activation parameters DeltaG( not equal), DeltaH( not equal), and DeltaS( not equal) of the cis-trans isomerization of captopril were obtained. From the activation parameters the isomerization barriers of captopril at 37 degrees C under basic conditions were calculated to be DeltaG( not equal) (cis-->trans) = 90.3 kJ.mol(-1)and DeltaG( not equal) (trans-->cis) = 90.0 kJ.mol(-1*).     

Synthesis of Vitamin E Succinate from Candida rugosa Lipase in Organic Medium

A screening of commercially available lipases for the synthesis of vitamin E succinate showed that lipase from Candida rugosa presented the highest yield. The synthesis of vitamin E succinate in organic solvents with different lgP values ranging from -1.3 to 3.5 was investigated. Of particular interest was that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with the lowest lgP exhibited the highest yield among all the organic solvents used. It suggests that lgP is incapable of satisfactorily predicting the biocompatibility of organic solvents due to the complexity of enzymatic reaction with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates in organic solvent. Effects of different operating conditions, such as molar ratio of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, mass transfer, and reaction time were also studied. Under the optimum conditions of 10 g/L enzyme, a stirring rate of 100 r/min, a substrate molar ratio of 5:1 at 55℃ for 18 h, a satisfactory yield(46.95%) was obtained. The developed method has a potential to be used for efficient enzymatic production of vitamin E succinate.     

New catalytic method for the synthesis of vitamins K

A new catalytic method for the synthesis of vitamins of the K family is suggested. In this method 2-methyl-1-naphthol is oxidized by dioxygen in the presence of Mo-V-P heteropoly acids or their salts in a two-phase system (organic solvent + water) to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone or vitamin K3, which is the precursor of all K family vitamins.     

Analysis of isotope ratios in vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) from human plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Vitamin K(1) is a fat-soluble vitamin required for the gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Recent work has suggested an important role for vitamin K(1) in bone health beyond its more established function in the control and regulation of blood coagulation. However, current UK recommended intakes do not reflect this recent evidence. The use of stable isotopes provides a powerful tool to investigate vitamin K kinetics, turnover and absorption in man, although published methods have reported difficulties in the extraction and analysis of isotope ratios of vitamin K in human plasma. In this paper, we report a new methodology for the extraction and measurement of isotope ratios in vitamin K(1). Sample clean-up is achieved with liquid-liquid extraction, enzyme hydrolysis with lipase and cholesterol esterase, and solid-phase extraction. Isotopic analysis of the pentafluoropropionyl derivative of vitamin K(1) is performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The limit of quantitation is equivalent to at least 0.3 nmol/L and the method is demonstrated to be linear over a range of enrichments. This method provides a robust alternative to previous work requiring the use of semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Dissociation of carbonic acid: gas phase energetics and mechanism from ab initio metadynamics simulations

A comprehensive metadynamics study of the energetics, stability, conformational changes, and mechanism of dissociation of gas phase carbonic acid, H2CO3, yields significant new insight into these reactions. The equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and conformer energies calculated using the density functional theory are in good agreement with the previous theoretical predictions. At 315 K, the cis-cis conformer has a very short life time and transforms easily to the cis-trans conformer through a change in the O=C-O-H dihedral angle. The energy difference between the trans-trans and cis-trans conformers is very small (approximately 1 kcal/mol), but the trans-trans conformer is resistant to dissociation to carbon dioxide and water. The cis-trans conformer has a relatively short path for one of its hydroxyl groups to accept the proton from the other end of the molecule, resulting in a lower activation barrier for dissociation. Comparison of the free and potential energies of dissociation shows that the entropic contribution to the dissociation energy is less than 10%. The potential energy barrier for dissociation of H2CO3 to CO2 and H2O from the metadynamics calculations is 5-6 kcal/mol lower than in previous 0 K studies, possibly due to a combination of a finite temperature and more efficient sampling of the energy landscape in the metadynamics calculations. Gas phase carbonic acid dissociation is triggered by the dehydroxylation of one of the hydroxyl groups, which reorients as it approaches the proton on the other end of the molecule, thus facilitating a favorable H-O-H angle for the formation of a product H2O molecule. The major atomic reorganization of the other part of the molecule is a gradual straightening of the O=C=O bond. The metadynamics results provide a basis for future simulation of the more challenging carbonic acid-water system.