二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-个甲基苯氧基)钐催化丙交酯开环聚合

聚丙交酯（PLA）可以生物降解，产物无毒，可用于外科手术的缝合线、人造器官以及药物缓释等方面，因此引起了人们的广泛注意．丙交酯的开环聚合是合成聚丙交酯的一种方便方法，所用的催化剂主要是主族及副族金属的配合物，如双金属氧桥配合物［‘j，烷基金属有机化合物［‘j，异丙氧基铝［’‘以及叶琳铝「“等．最近，关于三价烷氧基稀土化合物作为单组份催化剂催化丙交酯开环聚会已有报道［’·’‘．我们发现两价芳氧基稀土化合物（ArO）。Sin（THF）。（ArO一2，已二叔丁基一个甲基苯氧基）也可以有效地催化丙文酯的开环聚合．本…     

聚二乙烯苯的取代反应研究

以悬浮聚合法制得一系列高交联聚二乙烯苯树脂，通过改变反应试剂、催化剂、反应溶剂考察了聚二乙烯苯树脂进行亲电取代反应的规律．结果表明，聚二乙烯苯树脂可发生亲电取代反应，反应程度较低．聚（对－二乙烯苯）的反应程度高于聚（间－二乙烯苯）．     

双功能催化剂体系作用下乙烯二聚和共聚合的研究

用乙烯为原料在双功能催化剂体系的作用下通过二聚和共聚合反应，直接合成线性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＬＤＰＥ）．所用二聚反应催化剂为钛酸正丁酯（Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）_４），共聚催化剂为ＴｉＣｌ_４／ＭｇＣｌ_２（ＺＭ－１催化剂）．研究了二聚反应动力学行为及影响双功能催化剂体系动力学过程的一些因素．结果表明利用这两种催化剂组成双功能催化剂体系能够很方便地制得密度范围在０．９０－０．９３，Ｅｔ／１０００Ｃ在１０－４０的ＬＬＤＰＥ．     

水溶性双金属催化剂在硝基化合物加氢反应中的协同效应

采用水溶性催化剂在两相体系下进行的催化反应既保持了均相催化剂的优点，又可通过简单的相分离达到使产物与催化剂分离的目的［’1．对于水溶性催化剂在两相体系中催化加氢反应，文献中大多采用水溶性铐一瞬、铱一脚和钉一碟络合物为催化剂对a、“不饱和醛、酮、酸等化合物的选择加氢进行考察［’‘．然而对水溶性把一脚络合物催化加氢反应性能研究的报道甚少［‘j．在多相催化中，双（或多）金属的协同效应是常见的现象，但在均相及高分子负载的催化体系中双（或多）金属的协同效应的报道较少［‘］．我们曾报道了高分子负载的Pd／RU双…     

Pd（OAc）2／Cu（OTf）2在离子液体BMlmPF6中催化苯乙烯二聚反应的研究

在离子液体BMImPF6中，用不同的钯催化剂和Lewis酸三氟甲磺酸铜Cu（OTf）2共催化苯乙烯二聚反应，发现用Pd（OAc）2／Cu（OTf）2作催化剂，Pd／Cu物质的量之比为1～4时，可高产率高选择性地获得苯乙烯二聚产物1，3-二苯基．1-丁烯．BMImPF6对催化剂有较好的溶解性，可固定催化剂体系，使催化剂有效地与产品分离．同时，α-甲基苯乙烯的二聚反应表明，室温下不发生反应，提高温度有利于反应进行．     

用SN型催化剂合成苯乙烯一丙烯嵌段共聚物的研究──Ⅰ．聚合条件对共聚合反应的影响

用稀土化合物改性的钛系载体催化剂（ＳＮ催化剂）进行苯乙烯和丙烯顺序嵌段共聚合（Ｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｉａｌｂｌｏｃｋｃｏｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）的研究．考察了苯乙烯预聚时间、单体比、外加给电子体（ＥＢ）、烷基铝浓度、催化剂浓度和聚合温度等条件对共聚合的影响．发现外加酯（ＥＢ）降低了共聚合反应催化活性，在ＥＢ／Ｔｉ摩尔比为５范围内，外酯有助于提高嵌段共聚物（ｉＰＳ—ｂ—ｉＰＰ）中ＰＳ段和ＰＰ段的等规度及增加苯乙烯链节含量．ＳＮ型催化剂对苯乙烯一丙烯嵌段共聚合有较高的催化活性，催化效率在１００ｇ聚合物／ｇ－Ｔｉ以上．共聚物通过溶剂革取分级除去均聚物后，所得嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯链节含量可在１５～８５ｍｏｌ％之间调节．其结构表征续见第ＩＩ报．     

含异亚丙基聚亚胺醚酮空心微球的制备

以1,4-双-（4’-溴苯酰基）苯和2,2-双-[4-（4-氨基苯氧基）苯基]丙烷为单体,以三（二亚苄基丙酮）二钯为催化剂,1,1’-联萘-2,2’-二苯膦（BINAP）为配体,由钯催化的胺基化反应缩聚合成了含异亚丙基的聚亚胺醚酮（pr—PIEK）,并通过微封装法制备了pr—PIEK空心微球．     

钯(Ⅱ)/2,2′-联吡啶催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯的交替共聚反应

利用乙酸钯和２，２’－联吡啶组成的催化剂体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚制备聚（１－氧代－２－苯基丙撑），考察了组成催化剂的２，２‘－联吡啶和对甲苯磺酸与钯（Ⅱ）的摩尔比对催化活性的影响，同时考察了甲醇用量，溶剂，反应温度和时间等对该催化反应的影响。     

聚合Salen-Ti(Ⅳ)配合物对芳香醛不对称硅腈化反应的催化作用

 研究了聚SalenD－Ti（Ⅳ）配合物对芳香醛不对称硅腈化反应的催化作用．考察了催化剂用量、溶剂和温度对苯甲醛不对称硅腈化反应的影响，在－40℃和1．0mol催化剂量下，以4－Cl－C6H4CHO为底物，获得了ee值为82％和收率为98％的加成产物．探讨了聚SalenD－Ti（Ⅳ）上取代基对芳香醛硅腈化反应产物光学异构体选择性的影响．在20℃下，催化剂可重复使用多次而反应活性和对映体选择性保持不变．     

EXAFS研究合成甲醇催化剂Cu／ZnO／MxOy

有关CO。＋H。合成甲醇催化剂的研究已有许多报道［‘－’j，但目前对活性中心及反应机理的认识仍不～致，其中对活性中心的看法归纳起来有3种：（1）Cll为活性中心“‘；（2）Cll”为活性中心［’j；（3）Cll－CtJ”为活性中心［‘1．研究发现，第三组分（如AI刀。）的加入可防止Cu粒子的烧结［’］，使Cu产生无序及缺陷结构，有利于CO。的吸附、活化［‘j及起到高分散Cu／Zno的稳定剂的作用［’j．由于三组分催化剂结构的多相性和准非晶态性，通常的XRD方法难以明确了解其结构，而EXAFS方法对研究局部有序结构特别有效．本文以Z…     

Synthesis of LiNbO3 via a hydrothermal route and characterization

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal, used in many optical fields, has been of great interest for fundamental science and applications in optics for many years due to its excellent ferroelectric properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectrical, electro-optical, photorefractive and nonlinear-optical properties. Several methods for synthesizing lithium niobate crystal have been reported, for instance Czochralski growth, top seeded solution growth (TSSG), liquid phase epitaxy,laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel and so on. Although these methods have many advantages, they also have some disadvantages. For example, Lithium ethoxide and Niobium ethoxide are the most common reactants in sol-gel method. But, it is known to all that they are unstable in air and water. So, we have to take the course under the protection of N2 gas. This drawback complicates the process considerably.In this paper, LiNbO3 crystal was successfully prepared via a simple and convenient hydrothermal route using LiOH and Nb2O5 (molar rate=2:1) as the starting reactants. The whole reaction process was carried in an autoclave made by us, showed in fig. 1. The typical procedure was described as follow: first, distilled water was poured into the autoclave until 50% to 80% of its volume was filled. Then the reagents were added in succession. After that, the autoclave was sealed and maintained at 260℃ for 72 hours and then cooled to room temperature naturally. The obtained sample was washed with distilled water and absolute alcohol for several times to remove the by-products and other impurities. After drying, the obtained sample was characterized by XRD and IR.XRD patterns of the as-prepared sample showed that the sample was well crystallized and of high purity. All the major reflection peaks were appeared and accorded with the reported data in the literature. In addition, no other impurities, such as Nb2O5 and Li3NbO4, were detected in the sample.The as-prepared sample was dispersed into paraffine and characterized using IR spectra. The absorption bands observed at contamination on the surface of the as-prepared sample. This result was different from the pre-works in which the absorption bands were observed between from 3400cm-1 to 3500cm-1. This may be attributable to the size of crystal in the current work was smaller than the in pre-works.It has been reported that there are four absorptions for lithium niobate crystal over the wavenumber range 400-800cm-1 at 783cm-1, 630cm-1, 595cm-1 and 500cm-1, respectively. These were the characteristic lithium niobate IR finger printing absorptions. In H. C. Zen-g's work, the four characteristics absorptions were observed at 800cm-1, 675cm-1, 595cm-1 and 440cm-1, respectively. In the current work, there were three characteristic absorptions were detected at 693.4cm-1, 646.2cm-1 and 437.0cm-1, respectively. This result was accorded with the pre-works.     

制备方法对均相多相化钯催化剂活性物种的影响

近年来,多相化均相催化剂的研究,在有机合成、石油化工、精细化工等领域引起了广泛关注.和多相催化剂一样,负载化均相催化剂的性能也与制备技术有较大的关系.如在研究氯化钯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和氧化铝所组成的双重负载催化剂时,虽然所用组分一样,比例相同,但由于负载顺序不同,所得催化剂的活性和重复使用性相差很大.国内外学者曾对类似催化剂的表征进行过讨论,认为催化剂的活性中心是在胶体保护的金属钯颗粒上.对于负载顺序的效应,则未见报道.我们以CO为探针     

（PdCl2—PVP）／Al2O3催化剂中Pd状态的探讨

氯化钯先锚定在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮上后进一步负载到Al_2O_3上所制的催化剂[简称(PdCl_2-PVP)/Al_2O_3]是一种活性、选择性高,稳定性好的烯烃、二烯烃和多烯烃加氢催化剂。本文结合加氢反应,使用XPS、FT-IR、电镜及用CO为探针的FT-IR,对这种催化剂进行了考察。实验说明,在这种催化剂中,钯的价态是在0—2之间。红外光谱在486cm~(-1)处有一微弱的小峰,说明存在Pd—N的配位键。催化剂中钯含量低时(0.2wt％)稳定性好,不吸附CO,活性中心是络合钯原子;当钯含量较高时(0.7wt％),催化剂的初活性虽不低,稳定性却较差,这种催化剂能吸附CO,IR谱图上仅在1919cm~(-1)处有CO桥式吸附态的伸缩振动。表明除络合钯原子外,还有聚集的钯金属存在。FT-IR尚表明,PVP在Al_2O_3上可能并非单纯的物理吸附。电镜结果表明,PVP在Al_2O_3上呈30—70(?)的微球状,(PdCl_2-PVP)/Al)_2O_3上的(PdCl_2-PVP)亦呈微球状,与前者无明显区别,这种催化剂中其活性中心是络合钯原子。     

CeO2-MOx（M=La^3＋,Ca^2＋）改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了固溶体CeO2-MOx=(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用XRD、Raman和XPS对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,金属(M)离子进入CeO2的晶格,形成CeO2-MOx固溶体,Raman谱上463cm-1处对应于Ce-O键的F2g对称伸缩振动强度降低.其中,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3CeO2-CaO在615 cm-1处出现一小峰,样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-La2O3在320cm-1处出现的肩峰,都表明固溶体CeO2-MOx的形成使O2-亚晶格结构对称性降低.XPS分析表明,固溶体改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Pd的3d5/2结合能比正常价态的PdO的结合能高出0.5-0.6 eV,形成了一种高度离子化的.与载体具有强相互作用的Pd物种.催化甲烷燃烧实验证明,固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+,Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温活性和稳定性均高于未经改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂和仅用CeO2改性的Pd/γAl2O3催化剂,在空速为50000 h-1时,可使1%CH4-99%空气(体积分数)混合气中甲烷的10%转化温度降至254℃,转化率100%时的转化温度降至340℃.     

CeO2-MOx (M=La3+, Ca2+)改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+, Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 利用XRD、Raman和XPS对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 金属(M)离子进入CeO2的晶格, 形成CeO2-MOx固溶体, Raman谱上463 cm-1处对应于Ce—O键的F2g对称伸缩振动强度降低. 其中, 样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-CaO在615 cm-1处出现一小峰, 样品Pd/γ-Al2O3-CeO2-La2O3在320 cm-1处出现的肩峰, 都表明固溶体CeO2-MOx的形成使O2-亚晶格结构对称性降低. XPS分析表明, 固溶体改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Pd 的3d5/2结合能比正常价态的PdO的结合能高出0.5-0.6 eV, 形成了一种高度离子化的, 与载体具有强相互作用的Pd物种. 催化甲烷燃烧实验证明, 固溶体CeO2-MOx(M=La3+, Ca2+)改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的低温活性和稳定性均高于未经改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂和仅用CeO2改性的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 在空速为50000 h-1时, 可使1%CH4-99%空气(体积分数)混合气中甲烷的10%转化温度降至254 ℃, 转化率100%时的转化温度降至340 ℃.     

Noble gas-actinide compounds: evidence for the formation of distinct CUO(Ar)(4-n)(Xe)(n) and CUO(Ar)(4-n)(Kr)(n) (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) complexes

Laser-ablated U atoms react with CO in excess argon to produce CUO, which gives rise to 852.5 and 804.3 cm-1 infrared absorptions for the triplet state CUO(Ar)n complex in solid argon at 7 K. Relativistic density functional calculations show that the CUO(Ar) complex is stable and that up to four or five argon atoms can complex to CUO. When 1-3% Xe is added to the argon/CO reagent mixture, strong absorptions appear at 848.0 and 801.3 cm-1 and dominate new four-band progressions, which increase on annealing to 35-50 K as Xe replaces Ar in the intimate coordination sphere. Analogous spectra are obtained with 1-2% Kr added. This work provides evidence for eight distinct CUO(Ng)n(Ar)4-n (Ng = Kr, Xe, n = 1, 2, 3, 4) complexes and the first characterization of neutral complexes involving four noble-gas atoms on one metal center.     

Structure of activated complex of CO2 formation in a CO + O2 reaction on Pd(110) and Pd(111)

Examinations of CO2 formed during steady-state CO oxidation reactions were performed using infrared (IR) chemiluminescence. The CO2 was formed using a molecular-beam method over Pd(110) and Pd(111). The CO2 formation rate is temperature dependent under various partial pressure conditions. The temperature of the maximum formation rate is denoted as TSmax. Analyses of IR emission spectra at surface temperatures higher than TSmax showed that the average vibrational temperature (TVAV) is higher for Pd(111) than for Pd(110). The antisymmetric vibrational temperature (TVAS) is almost equal on both surfaces. These results suggest that the activated CO2 complex is more bent on Pd(111) and straighter on Pd(110). Furthermore, the difference in the TVAV value was small for surface temperatures less than TSmax. The TVAS value was much higher than TVAV on both surfaces. These phenomena were observed only when the surface temperature was lower than TSmax: they became more pronounced at lower temperatures, suggesting that the activated complex of CO2 formation is much straighter on both Pd surfaces than that observed at higher surface temperatures. Combined with kinetic results, the higher CO coverage at the lower surface temperatures is inferred to be related to the linear activated complex of CO2 formation.     

Infrared spectroscopic and density functional theory study on the reactions of lanthanum atoms with carbon dioxide in rare-gas matrices

Reactions of laser-ablated La atoms with CO2 molecules in solid argon and neon have been investigated using matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy. On the basis of isotopic shifts, mixed isotopic splitting patterns, and CCl4-doping experiments, absorptions at 1839.9 and 753.6 cm-1 in argon and 1855.9 and 771.3 cm-1 in neon are assigned to the C-O and La-O stretching vibrations of the OLaCO molecule, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible photoinduced isomerization of OLaCO to La-(eta2-OC)O and OLa-(eta2-CO) have been observed under different wavelength photolyses in the solid matrix. The neon matrix experiments give the C-O and La-O stretching vibrations of the OLaCO- anion at 1769.5 and 779.3 cm-1, respectively. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on these products, which support the experimental assignments of the infrared spectra. The present study reveals that the C-O stretching vibrational frequencies of OMCO decrease from Sc to La, which indicates an increase in metal d orbital --> CO pi* back-donation in this series.     

POLYKETONE FROM CO AND STYRENE: A USEFUL COPOLYMER CATALYZED BY A HIGHLY ACTIVE AND STABLE PALLADIUM CATALYST WITH 5-NITRO-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE LIGAND

A novel coordinated complex [(5-nitrophen)Pd(CF3CO2)2] (5-nitrophen = 5-nitro-l,10-phenanthroline) was first synthesized. By using XPS, IR, and 1H-NMR, its coordination unit was studied in comparison with those of complexes [(N- N)Pd(CH3CO2)2] and [(N - N)Pd(CF3CO2)2]. The H2,9 proton signals of 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes are excellent probes to monitor the evolution of the environment of the palladium atom. The state of anionic coordination was confirmed by the presence of IR absorption peaks of COO in complexes ([(N N)Pd(CH3CO2)2] and [(NN)Pd(CF3CO2)2]). Bonding energies of N1s and Pd3d5 obtained from XPS data testified to the strength of the N-Pd coordinating bond. The conclusion can be drawn by analyzing these data from IR, XPS and 1H-NMR that it is the unsymmetrical substitution of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) that makes the [(5-nitrophen)Pd(CF3CO2)2] more active.Experimental results showed that [(5-nitrophen)Pd(CF3CO2)2] exhibits much higher activity than [(bipy)Pd(CF3CO2)2] (1, l‘-bipyridine = bipy) and [(phen)Pd(CF3CO2)2] under the same conditions.     

Infrared chemiluminescence study of CO2 formation in CO + NO reaction on Pd(110) and Pd(111) surfaces

Infrared (IR) chemiluminescence studies of CO2 formed during steady-state CO + NO reaction over Pd(110) and Pd(111) surfaces were carried out. Kinetics of the CO + NO reaction were studied over Pd(110) using a molecular-beam reaction system in the pressure range of 10-2-10-1 Torr. The activity of the CO + NO reaction on Pd(110) was much higher than that of Pd(111), which was quite different from the result of other experiments under a higher pressure range. On the basis of the experimental data on the dependence of the reaction rate on CO and NO pressures and the reaction rate constants obtained by using a reaction model, the coverage of NO, CO, N, and O was calculated under various flux conditions. From the analysis of IR emission spectra in the CO + O2 reaction on Pd(110) and Pd(111), the antisymmetric vibrational temperature (TVAS) was seen to be higher than the bending vibrational temperature (TVB) on Pd(110). In contrast, TVB was higher than TVAS on Pd(111). These behaviors suggest that the activated complex for CO2 formation is more bent on Pd(111) than that on Pd(110), which is reflected by the surface structure. Both TVB and TVAS for the CO + O2 reaction on Pd(110) and Pd(111) increased gradually with increasing surface temperature (TS). On the other hand, in the case of the CO + NO reaction on Pd(110) and Pd(111), TVAS decreased and TVB increased significantly with increasing TS. TVB was lower than TVAS at lower TS, while TVB was higher than TVAS at higher TS. Comparison of the data obtained for the two reactions indicates that TVB in the CO + NO reaction on Pd(110) at TS = 800 and 850 K is much higher than that in the CO + O2 reaction on Pd(110).