尿中甲基安非它明的酰基衍生化-氮磷检测气相色谱分析法

建立了尿中甲基安非它明的二氯乙酰、五氟苯甲酰和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰衍生化-氮磷检测气相色谱分析方法,并与已有文献报道的乙酰、三氟乙酰、五氟丙酰、七氟丁酰等衍生化及非衍生化分析方法的灵敏度进行了比较,其中五氟苯甲酰衍生化和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰衍生化方法是比较灵敏的分析方法,尿中MA的检出限分别为3.0μg／L和4.6μg／L。     

尿中MDMA和MDA的酰基衍生化-氮磷检测气相色谱分析法

研究了致幻性安非他明类药物3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明(MDMA)和3,4-亚甲二氧基安非他明(MDA)的乙酰化、三氟乙酰化、五氟丙酰化、七氟丁酰化、二氯乙酰化、一氯二氟乙酰化、五氟苯甲酰化、五氟苯磺酰化和二硝基苯甲酰化的衍生化反应条件,发现除了乙酰化之外所研究的各种衍生化反应均可用5μL酸酐或酰氯在环己烷中于20℃10 m in内完成。乙酰化可用20μL乙酸酐在60℃30 m in内完成。在此基础上建立了尿中MDMA和MDA的各种衍生化的氮磷检测气相色谱(GC/NPD)分析方法。方法操作简便快速,绝大多数方法的检出限低于10μg/L,其中二氯乙酰化、一氯二氟乙酰化、五氟苯甲酰化、五氟苯磺酰化和二硝基苯甲酰化的GC/NPD分析方法未见文献报道。对一些灵敏的方法进行了线性关系和回收率的考察,结果满意。     

人尿中苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的酰基衍生化及电子捕获气相色谱分析法检测

本文研究了苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的三氟乙酰、五氟丙酰、七氟丁酰、二氯乙酰、一氯二氟乙酰、五氟苯甲酰和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰的衍生化反应条件。在此基础上,建立了人尿中苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的酰基衍生化的气相色谱-电子捕获检测分析方法。以五氟苯甲酰衍生化法分析尿中苯丙胺的灵敏度最高,其检出限为2.0 ng/mL;采用3,5-二硝基苯甲酰衍生化分析尿中甲基苯丙胺时的灵敏度最高,检出限为5.8 ng/mL。本法简便、快速。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆与玉米中的苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了大豆和玉米中苯甲酰脲类农药的反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESIMS/MS)检测方法。样品经含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取、浓缩,阳离子固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。9种苯甲酰脲类农药在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.995)。在大豆和玉米基质中的检出限均为3.0μg/kg,定量下限均为10.0μg/kg。在10.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,9种苯甲酰脲类农药的回收率为46%～92%,精密度(RSD)小于14%。方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于大豆和玉米中9种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的同时测定。     

固相萃取/在线衍生化/气质联用技术测定复合食品包装袋中的二氨基甲苯

建立了固相萃取、七氟丁酸酐在线衍生、气相色谱_质谱联用仪(电子轰击电离源)测定二氨基甲苯的方法.实验选择了最佳的衍生化试剂,并对其用量、衍生化时间进行了考察.另外还选择了合适的pH、固相萃取柱填料的用量等.该方法对二氨基甲苯的检测限为0.1μg/L,回收率在80.4%～99.1%之间.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂

建立了猪肉中除虫脲、氟幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟酰脲、氟苯脲、虱螨脲、啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂药物残留量测定的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷提取,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪多反应监测,外标法定量和质谱确证。10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在5~200μg/L范围内响应与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9984;检测低限为5.0μg/kg;回收率范围为57.6%~110.0%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~12%(n=6)之间。方法满足国际上对苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂类药物最大残留限量的分析要求,已应于猪肉中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂残留的检测。     

基质固相分散-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蔬菜中残留的苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂

建立了基质固相分散技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂(除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲)和双酰肼类杀虫剂(甲氧虫酰肼、虫酰肼)的方法。蔬菜样品经中性氧化铝和石墨化炭黑研磨,乙酸乙酯淋洗,洗脱液浓缩定容后,经超高效液相色谱分离,分别在正、负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,9种杀虫剂在1～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.99);在1、5、10、100 μg/kg 4个加标水平上的回收率为78.5%～112.8%;相对标准偏差为2.3%～10.2%,检出限为0.5～1.0 μg/kg。该方法操作简便快速,样品和溶剂用量少,检出限低,可满足蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂同时检测的要求。     

磁固相萃取结合高效液相色谱检测农田灌溉水中4种苯甲酰脲类农药

采用溶剂热法制备了磁性金属有机骨架吸附剂Fe_3O_4-NH_2@MIL-101,通过电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射对吸附剂的形貌和组成进行了表征,磁强计对吸附剂的磁强度进行了测定。使用该吸附剂进行磁固相萃取,结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测,对农田灌溉水中4种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂(氯吡脲、氟幼脲、氟铃脲和虱螨脲)进行分析。实验对吸附和洗脱条件进行了优化,包括吸附剂用量、吸附时间、pH值、离子强度、洗脱溶剂种类以及洗脱时间和体积。在最佳实验条件下,方法能够有效富集灌溉水中的苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂。4种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在0. 010～3. 0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0. 999 5,检出限为0. 03～0. 09μg/L,定量下限为0. 10～0. 30μg/L。方法的加标回收率为81. 7%～95. 4%,RSD小于10%。该方法前处理操作简便,萃取用时不超过15 min,可用于农田灌溉水中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的检测。     

流动注射催化动力学荧光法测定痕量钌

利用2-吡啶甲醛和苯甲酰肼合成了一种新的荧光试剂2-吡啶甲醛苯甲酰腙,对其进行了红外光谱和元素分析,证明了目标化合物的生成。运用2-吡啶甲醛苯甲酰腙-KBrO3这一反应体系为指示反应,采用正相流动注射2-吡啶甲醛苯甲酰腙乙醇水溶液试剂作为载流,注入样品(钌溶液)进行实验,发现2-吡啶甲醛苯甲酰腙被KBrO3氧化后荧光增强,Ru3 是极好的催化剂。据此,研究了该指示反应的适宜条件,共存离子的影响,并探讨了反应机理,建立了快速、简便、高灵敏度、高选择性流动注射催化动力学荧光测定钌的方法,检出限0.60μg/L,线性范围2.0~400μg/L。本方法成功地应用于人工合成样及矿样中痕量钌的测定。     

蔬菜中11种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了同时测定蔬菜中氯吡苯脲、除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟丙氧脲、氟苯脲、氟啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、丁醚脲、氟啶脲11种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.试样经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18填料分散固相萃取净化,C18柱反相液相色谱分离,以甲醇-0.005 mol/L醋酸铵溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式离子化,多反应监测方式监测,三重四极杆质谱测定.结果表明:试样中添加10、20、50 μg/kg的11种苯甲酰脲类农药,回收率为69% ～109%,相对标准偏差小于16%(n=5).该方法操作简便、稳定性好、灵敏度高,检出限(LOD)为3 μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为10 μg/kg.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.