芴类蓝光生色团在合成有机电致发光材料中的应用

有机电致发光技术在通信、信息、显示和照明等领域显现出巨大的商业应用前景, 十几年来一直是光电信息领域的研究热点之一。相对于无机电致发光材料,有机电致发光材料具有许多优点。芴作为一种具有刚性平面联苯结构的化合物,由于具有宽的能隙、高的发光效率和结构上易于修饰等特点,已成为一类受到各方关注的蓝光生色团。因此,芴类蓝光生色团在合成高效稳定电致蓝光材料、聚芴β相结构的调整、多功能化、主体材料、白光材料、有机激光及有机纳米发光材料等方面得到了广泛的应用。本文从材料合成的角度综述了芴类蓝光生色团在合成有机电致发光材料方面所取得的最新研究进展,讨论了芴类蓝光生色团在上述领域应用过程中所存在的问题和功能拓展方向,并对下一步需要研究的热点问题做了展望。     

咔唑及其衍生物在蓝光OLED中的应用

咔唑及其衍生物因其特有的电学性能、电化学性能和光物理性能而被广泛研究。由于这类材料不仅可以作为良好的空穴传输材料,而且在咔唑化合物的不同位置引入电子传输修饰基团,可以使得电子和空穴更加易于注入,并且可以很好地调节两者的平衡,因此,咔唑及其衍生物被认为是一类重要的蓝光荧光材料。咔唑及其衍生物不仅可以以小分子形式应用到蓝光荧光材料、蓝光磷光材料和热致延迟荧光材料,同样可以以高分子形式应用到蓝光荧光材料中。近年来,关于咔唑及其衍生物发光材料的合成及应用成为蓝光OLED研究的热点。本文综述了近年来国内外小分子咔唑及其衍生物作为蓝光有机电致发光主体材料的研究状况,对其分子结构设计光、电子轨道结构、物理性质、热学性质、电化学性质及器件性能等方面作了详细归纳比较,同时归纳了含咔唑结构的聚合物蓝光有机电致发光材料的研究进展,最后展望了咔唑基蓝光有机电致发光主体材料的发展前景和趋势。从光电转换效率及价格方面来说,热致延迟荧光材料和聚合物(含咔唑类基团)发光材料是最具有前景的蓝光OLED材料。     

芳基硅磷光主体材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用

有机电致发光器件(organic light emitting diodes, OLEDs)在固态照明和平板显示等领域显现出巨大的商业应用前景,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。由于芳基硅基团的易修饰性和多功能性,可以通过连接结构不同的功能单元构建性能优异的主体材料,以此来实现高效的有机电致发光器件,因此近年来芳基硅基团在合成高性能电致发光主体材料方面获得了广泛的研究和关注。本文从材料的设计分类出发,综述了芳基硅主体材料的研究现状,对其分子结构特征、热力学性质、光物理性能、电化学性质及电致发光器件性能等做了详细的归纳总结,讨论了芳基硅主体材料在有机电致发光器件方面存在的不足,并展望了其应用前景和发展方向。     

三蝶烯基电致发光材料

有机电致发光二极管具有自发光、效率高、结构轻薄,能实现透明、柔性等多样化设计等优点,在显示和照明等领域具有广阔的应用前景。三蝶烯是由三个苯环通过饱和碳连接而成的稳定、三维、刚性结构,且三个苯环间的共轭非常小,三个苯环上取代基不同还能实现非常稳定的手性,能为高性能发光材料的设计提供理想的刚性三维骨架,以提升发光材料的稳定性、调控发光材料分子间相互作用力（降低浓度淬灭同时提高成膜性）和稳定的手性环境。本文综述了将三蝶烯基团融入到电致发光电子传输层及发光层材料分子中的研究进展,并对三蝶烯基电致发光材料的未来进行了展望。通过分析和总结三蝶烯基团对材料性能的影响,明确其优势,以期抛砖引玉,使更多科研工作者将三蝶烯的优势在未来的新材料领域继续发扬光大。     

芴类电致发光材料研究进展

有机电致发光材料是光电信息功能材料领域的研究热点之一。相比于无机电致发光材料,有机电致发光材料具有很多的优势.芴类化合物作为一类具有刚性平面联苯结构的电致发光材料,由于具有宽的能隙、高的发光效率等特点,备受各方面的关注.本文结合作者的工作,从材料合成的角度介绍了国内外在研究该类材料方面所取得的一些最新进展,并对一些有待进一步研究的问题做了展望.     

基于多芳基取代吡啶衍生物的有机光电材料的设计、合成及性能研究

电子传输材料在有机电致发光器件中起着举足轻重的作用,然而相对于高效的发光材料和空穴传输材料的研究,高性能的电子传输材料报道较少.针对电子传输材料研究中存在的问题,本论文选定了具有较高电子迁移率的芳基吡啶衍生物作为主体结构,设计并合成了一系列具有空穴阻挡能力的电子传输材料和新型的具有电子传输性能的绿光发光材料,并开展了OLED器件研究.具体创新性结果如下.     

新型功能材料有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物

有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物具有特殊的光、电性能,是一种新型功能材料,正在形成一个新的研究领域。本文介绍有机钌络合物和有机钌聚合物的光致电子转移、光致发光和电致发光等现象以及它们在发光二极管、发光电池、氧化传感器等方面的应用。     

三种双功能光折变模型分子的合成及光谱性质研究

20世纪 90年代 ,出现了一种新型的有机光电功能材料——有机光折变材料 .由于其在高密度数据存储、全息图象加工、光放大等许多领域具有潜在的应用前景 ,因此 ,在短短的 1 0年中 ,取得了巨大进展 [1～ 3] .在众多的有机光折变材料中 ,咔唑类材料由于其优异的性能而越来越受到重视 ,成为人们研究的重点之一[4 ] .由于咔唑类材料是一类具有等电子结构的二苯胺分子 ,当在其 3-和 6 -位引入吸电子基团后 ,不仅能保持较好的电荷转移能力 ,而且还具有电光效应 .这样 ,在有机光折变材料中 ,带有吸电子基团的乙基咔唑分子既可以作为电荷载流子的传输…     

高色纯度的红色掺杂型电致发光材料的合成及其性能研究

以吡喃腈作为电子受体、吲哚啉作为电子给体单元, 合成了一种吲哚啉衍生物DADIN作为高色纯度的红色掺杂型电致发光材料, 并对其溶液特性和有机电致发光器件性能进行了研究. 相对于柯达公司经典掺杂型红色发光材料DCJTB, 该发光材料的合成简单、提纯工艺易行、产率高, 并具有更纯正的红色发光. 研究表明, 以DADIN作为掺杂型电致发光材料的有机电致发光器件的电流效率是DCJTB的1.5倍, 实为DCJTB理想的替代品.     

含磷有机电致发光材料*

有机电致发光材料是有机电子学和光电信息功能材料领域的研究热点之一,在有机π共轭体系中引入杂原子是一种有效调节材料光电性能的手段。磷原子既可以通过其d轨道与π共轭体系间的σ-π相互作用来改变材料的电子结构,又具有很好的可修饰性,如被氧化、硫化或与金属配位等,从而能有效地调控材料的光电性能。因此,磷原子的引入为有机光电功能材料的分子结构设计和光电性能改善等方面的研究提供了广阔的空间,近年来得到了研究者较多的关注。本文根据引入磷原子的不同方式,综述了磷杂环戊二烯、二噻吩并磷杂环戊二烯、磷芴以及磷杂聚苯撑乙烯等材料的结构特点和在有机电致发光材料方面的研究现状,展望了含磷有机电致发光材料的应用前景和发展趋势。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。