SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2固体酸催化神华煤直接液化反应性研究

通过间歇式加氢液化实验,考察了THN溶剂中液化温度、液化时间、氢气初压以及催化剂用量等反应条件对SO42-/ZrO2固体酸催化神华煤液化性能的影响,并基于产物分布和IR光谱表征,探讨了SO42-/ZrO2固体酸催化神华煤液化反应性及催化作用。结果表明,提高液化温度有利于煤催化加氢裂解,提高转化率和油气收率;增大氢气压力能够促进煤向沥青烯与前沥青烯等中间产物转化,但不利于生成液化油气;延长反应时间有利于前沥青烯加氢裂解,提高液化油气收率;SO42-/ZrO2固体酸的催化作用主要表现为对煤大分子结构的催化裂解,转化率和油气收率随催化剂用量增加而增大。此外,提高液化温度和氢气初压有利于含氧结构转化。     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

制备条件对纳米级固体超强酸SO42- /ZrO2性能的影响

通过溶剂替代法制备了纳米级固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2催化剂,用XRD、TEM、TG-DTA、IR、XPS等技术考察了制备条件对样品的粒径、晶化温度与结构的影响,并研究了它们对松油醇乙酰化反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,0·5mol/LH2SO4浸渍、500~550℃焙烧3h的纳米SO42-/ZrO2具有最高超强酸性和催化活性。其酸强度为-16·02≤H0≤-14·52,粒径在20~40nm,松油醇转化率达99·8%。     

S2O2-8-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂的研制与应用

固体超强酸因其特殊的晶相结构和表面特性及高比表面积使其具有许多重要的催化特性[1],某些经特殊处理得到的金属氧化物(如ZrO2、TiO2、Fe 2O3等)负载SO24-后可以成为固体超强酸[2]..有关SO24-/ZrO2系列固体超强酸的研究和应用报道较多[3,4a,5].夏勇德等[4b,6]报道用(NH4)2S2O8浸渍无定形Zr(OH)4可制备超强酸性和催化活性比SO24-/ZrO2更强的新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2.本文在文献方法的基础上,制出新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2-Al2O3,以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应作探针,优选出高活性催化剂并成功地用于催化合成4种缩酮(醛)类化合物.它们经纯化处理后均可作为食用香料.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3.采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响.FT-IR结果表明在该固体超强酸中,锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合,其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡;和SO2-4/ZrO2型超强酸相比,SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移,显示出更强的酸性.锡铝摩尔比为9∶1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时,制得的SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好.     

低温陈化超声波共沉淀制备SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3催化剂

低温陈化超声波共沉淀法制得SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3前驱体,经H2SO4处理,在不同温度下焙烧得到纳米晶催化剂SO4^2-/ZrO2-La2O3;用Hammett指示剂法测定其酸性．用XRD、BET、TEM、IR和XPS对样品进行表征,其催化活性用醋酸和甘油的酯化反应进行了评价．结果表明经超声波搅拌和低温（-15℃）陈化,650℃焙烧4h得到的固体超强酸表现出较高催化活性．     

SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯

利用沉淀-浸渍法制备了SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2固体酸催化剂,优化了SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯的工艺条件,并通过IR及GC/MS对产物的结构进行了表征.结果表明: SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2对苯与1-十二烯的烷基化反应具有良好的催化性能,其催化中心主要为B酸中心.0.12g催化剂/ mL1-十二烯、n(苯)/n(烯)=6:1、反应时间3 h等优化条件下1-十二烯转化率100%,LAB与2-LAB选择性分别达到90.3%和88.6%.使用后的催化剂可以通过H2SO4浸渍500 ℃焙烧再生.GC/MS分析表明产物主要包括2～6-LAB及少量二烷基苯.     

低温陈化法制备SO2-4/WO3-TiO2固体超强酸及性能研究

0引言 固体超强酸的研制是近20年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一.起初,人们所研制的SO2-4/MxOy型固体超强酸中,MxOy多为ZrO2.近年来,研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂,以ZrO2为主体,引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂,这方面的研究者颇多[1-4],也取得了一定的成果.     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

磁性纳米固体超强酸的合成、表征及性能

首次制备了SO₄^2-/Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄-ZrO₂磁性固体超强酸,利用TEM,DTA,XRD和FTIR等手段研究了Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄磁性基质对ZrO₂的粒子大小、晶化温度与结构的影响.考察了磁性固体超强酸的催化性能及催化剂的寿命、回收率和磁性.结果表明,引入Co_0.5Fe_2.5O₄磁性基质不但赋予催化剂以磁性,而且在固体超强酸形成过程中延迟了ZrO₂由四方晶相向单斜晶相的转变,有助于稳定样品表面的含硫物种,磁性固体超强酸对酯化反应具有较高的催化活性,可活化再生,并保持磁性.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

固体超强酸对合成辛基多苷的催化作用

SO2 -4 /ZrO2 固体超强酸用作合成辛基多苷 (OctylPolyglycosides)的催化剂 ,具有活性高、选择性好、易与产品分离、无污染、可重复利用等优点。文中主要讨论SO2 -4 /ZrO2 ,SO2 -4 /ZrO2 MoO3、SO2 -4 /ZrO2 Fe2 O3、以及SO2 -4 /ZrO2 SiO2 固体超强酸在合成辛基多苷反应中的不同催化活性。实验证明 :同一制备条件下的不同催化剂其活性不同 ,且SO2 -4 /ZrO2 的活性、选择性最好 ,可使葡萄糖的转化率高达 96%。     

陈化温度和Fe/Zr配比对SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2固体超强酸结构与性能的影响

用低温陈化法制备了SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2(简称SFZ)固体超强酸催化剂,用红外光谱(IR)和X光衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,并考察了它对合成癸二酸二正丁酯的催化性能.IR谱显示,低温陈化的SFZ样品在1070 cm-1处吸收峰远强于常温陈化样品.XRD分析则显示,在焙烧温度为650℃、 Fe/Zr为2 ∶ 1时,低温陈化的样品出现了亚稳态的ZrO2四方晶相.该样品在催化酯化反应中使产率达90%以上,高于常温陈化样品的30%.研究结果表明: 在其他条件不变时,低温陈化所出现的亚稳态的ZrO2四方晶相是表面酸性和催化活性增加的微观原因.     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2超强酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯初探

初步探索了SO42-／ZrO2超强酸作为合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）催化剂的催化性能．详细考察了反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间对邻苯二甲酸酐转化率的影响．结果表明，反应温度低于428K时，温度的升高显著增加邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率，反应温度高于428K时，温度的升高对转化率的影响较小；催化剂用量为邻苯二甲酸酐的3％时，邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率即可达到93．6％，表明SO42-／ZrO2超强酸催化剂具有很高的催化活性；催化剂使用20小时后，转化率由958％下降到86．5％，表明初步制得的催化剂稳定性还较差；用SO42-／ZrO2超强酸催化剂会成的DOP为无色透明油状液体。其品质明显优于用对甲苯磺酸或液体改作催化剂时的产品。     

Al促进SO~4^2^-/M~xO~y(M=Zr, Ti, Fe)固体强酸的研究

合成与表征了三个系列的Al促进固体强酸样品,并研究了对甲苯的苯甲酰化反应性能.实验表明,SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2,SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2和SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3中引入适量的Al_2O_3,有助于稳定样品表面的含硫物种,增加样品表面的有效酸位,提高样品的强酸性和对甲苯的苯甲酰化的反应活性.NH_3吸附微量热结果表明,Al促进样品的强酸性和催化活性的显著提高是由于样品表面的酸位强度分布发生了变化,有利于正丁烷异构化反应和苯甲酰化反应的中强酸位和强酸位的酸量显著增加.     

引入SiO2对SO4^2—／ZrO2超强酸体系的影响

用共沉淀法和负载法制备了一系列SO4^2-/ZrO2催化剂,详细研究了添加SiO2对SO4^2-/ZrO2超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和异丙苯裂解及异丙醇脱水反应的影响。引入SiO2会延迟ZrO2的晶化和晶相转变,减弱SO4^2-/ZrO2体系的超强酸性,但对提高样品的异丙苯裂解和异丙醇脱水反应活性有利。     

Effects of Zr/Ti molar ratio in SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 calcined at different temperatures on its surface properties and glucose reactivity in near-critical methanol

Effects of Zr/Ti molar ratio in SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 solid acid catalyst calcined at different temperatures on its surface properties and catalytic activity were thoroughly investigated in this paper. The physicochemical characteristics of prepared samples were determined by N2 adsorptiondesorption, XRD, NH3-TPD and XPS techniques, respectively. It was found that the crystallization temperature of the samples increased after the combination of ZrO2 and TiO2; and phase transformations from the anatase to the rutile of TiO2 species and the tetragonal to the monoclinic of ZrO2 species were effectively suppressed at higher temperature. The sample with a Zr/Ti molar ratio of 3/1 calcined at 450℃ showed the highest surface area and the most acid sites among all the tested samples. The acid site densities of samples were relatively closed to each other if they were calcined at the same temperature, however, decreased with the calcination temperature. The result indicates that the sulfur content in samples is a crucial factor to control the acid site density. Calcining the sample at 650℃ and higher temperatures resulted in a significant desorption of sulfate ion on the samples. The synthesized samples were evaluated as a potential catalyst for glucose conversion under the near-critical methanol conditions (200℃/4 MPa). The results suggested that the relatively weaker acid sites of the catalyst were more favorable for the accumulation of methyl glucosides, while the moderate acid sites were responsible for the formation of methyl levulinate. The catalytic activity for methyl levulinate production almost increases linearly with the catalyst acid site density. The catalyst deactivation is due to the loss of sulfate ion and the two catalysts with Zr/Ti molar ratios of 3/1 and 1/3 could effectively alleviate the deactivation caused by sulfate solution in the reaction medium and can be reused after calcination with the reuse rate of over 90% in terms of the methyl levulinate selectivity.     

固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2——MoO3—ZrO2中MoO3的作用与催化性能

根据固体超强酸催化剂ＳＯ４＾２－ＭｏＯ３－ＺｒＯ２的特点,结合活性评价结果,用ＢＥＴ、ＤＴＡ／ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ、ＬＲＳ等方法,对其进行了物性表征,考察了催化剂的结构形态、性质随催化剂组成的变化,以及催化剂的物性结构特点与催化活性的关系。研究结果表明,ＭｏＯ３含量对催化剂活性有着显著影响;催化剂的比表面积随ＭｏＯ３的含量变化存在极大值;ＭｏＯ３具有延迟ＺｒＯ２晶化、稳定ＳＯ４＾２－的作用,并提高了ＳＯ４