低温陈化法制备SO_4~(2-)/WO_3-TiO_2固体超强酸及性能研究

0引言固体超强酸的研制是近20年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一。起初,人们所研制的SO42-/MxOy型固体超强酸中,MxOy多为ZrO2。近年来,研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂,以ZrO2为主体,引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂,这方面的研究者颇多[1~4],也     

低温陈化法制备SO42-/WO3-TiO2固体超强酸及性能研究

固体超强酸的研制是近20年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一。起初，人们所研制的SO4^2-/MxOy型固体超强酸中，MxOy多为ZrO2。近年来，研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂，以ZrO2为主体，引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂，这方面的研究者颇多，也取得了一     

水热合成超细晶粒A-/MxOy固体超强酸

 A-/MxOy是一种新的固体超强酸催化材料,由单价酸根负载于金属氧化物上组成,它不同于传统的固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2. 在水热合成的条件下金属盐和碱沉淀剂发生均匀的水解沉淀反应,生成A-/MxOy固体超强酸,这种合成方法被称作“均匀沉淀法”. 采用“均匀沉淀法”可以一步直接合成具有小于10 nm超细晶粒的A-/MxOy固体超强酸催化材料. 对“均匀沉淀法”合成A-/MxOy固体超强酸的影响因素和规律性进行了详细的考察.     

SO_4~(2-)/M_xO_y型固体超强酸在有机合成中的应用

SO2 -4 /MxOy(M =Ti,Zr,Fe)是一新型的固体超强酸催化剂 .综述了近年来SO2 -4 /MxOy 型催化剂在有机合成中的应用 ,并对其今后的发展趋势作了预测 .     

低温陈化粉煤灰负载SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的制备与表征

固体超强酸的研制是近二十年来催化领域中的热点研究课题之一。尤其是近几年，研究者们为得到高酸强度和高催化活性的固体超强酸催化剂，常以ZrO2为主体，引入第二组分、第三组分组成复合型催化剂，这方面的研究者颇多，但所获得的催化剂的催化活性尚不能令人满意，催化剂的储存稳定性和重复使用性能方面也还存在一些问题，以致于使其推广应用受到了限制。为了解决这些问题，     

S2O2-8-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂的研制与应用

固体超强酸因其特殊的晶相结构和表面特性及高比表面积使其具有许多重要的催化特性[1],某些经特殊处理得到的金属氧化物(如ZrO2、TiO2、Fe 2O3等)负载SO24-后可以成为固体超强酸[2]..有关SO24-/ZrO2系列固体超强酸的研究和应用报道较多[3,4a,5].夏勇德等[4b,6]报道用(NH4)2S2O8浸渍无定形Zr(OH)4可制备超强酸性和催化活性比SO24-/ZrO2更强的新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2.本文在文献方法的基础上,制出新型固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2-Al2O3,以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应作探针,优选出高活性催化剂并成功地用于催化合成4种缩酮(醛)类化合物.它们经纯化处理后均可作为食用香料.     

ZrO2-TiO2/SO2-4催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

以马来酸酐和异戊醇为原料,复合型固体超强酸ZrO2-TiO2/SO2-4-为催化剂催化合成了马来酸二异戊酯.最佳工艺条件为:催化剂活化温度450℃,活化时间5 h,1.0 mol·L-1H2SO4,催化剂用量1.0 g,酸醇摩尔比为1:4,回流分水70 min,酯化率达98.72%.ZrO2-TiO2/SO2-4-具有良好的催化活性,可重复使用5次以上.     

SO2-4/TiO2-SiO2固体超强酸的结构及其光催化性能

自从Arata等[1]首次报道无卤素型SO2-4/MxOy固体超强酸体系以来, 对该类催化剂的研究引起了人们的广泛重视. 大量研究工作表明, 固体超强酸催化剂对丁烷异构化、苯衍生物烷基化、链烷烃裂解和乙烯二聚等诸多酸催化的反应表现出极高的反应活性[2]. 最近, 我们把SO2-4/TiO2型固体超强酸应用于有机物的光催化氧化反应, 研究发现TiO2光催化剂经H2SO4浸渍处理形成固体超强酸后, 催化剂的光催化活性大大提高, 并具有很好的反应活性、稳定性和抗湿性能[3];     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

固体酸ZrO2-Ce2O3/SO2-4催化合成丙二酸二丁酯

以含铈固体超强酸ZrO2-Ce2O3/SO4 2-为催化剂,丙二酸和正丁醇为原料合成了丙二酸二丁酯.最佳反应条件为:催化剂活化温度500℃,丙二酸100mmol,n(酸):n(醇)=1.0:2.5,催化剂用量1g,反应时间2h,酯化率达95.8%.结果表明,加入铈有助于提高固体超强酸的使用寿命.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.