离子色谱法测定浴盐中的阴、阳离子

用离子色谱法测定浴盐中的Na^ 、K^ 、Mg^2 、Ca^2 、Cl^-、Br^-、SO4^2-时，分离阳离子的色谱柱为ICS-C25阳离子交换柱，淋洗液为2.0mmol/L均苯四甲酸溶液，流速为0.6mL/min；分离阴离子时的色谱柱为shim-pack IC-Al阴离子交换柱，淋洗液为2.5mmol/L邻苯二甲酸溶液－2.4mmol/L三羟基氨基甲烷溶液（体积比为1：1），流速为1.0mL/min。所测离子Na^ 、K^ 、Mg^2 、Ca^2 、Cl^-、Br^-、SO4^2-在较宽浓度范围内有良好的线性关系，回收率为94.7%-102.4%，检出限为0.001-0.02mg/L，相对标准偏差为1.03%-1.63%。     

二乙烯苯和丙烯腈聚合物浸渍磷酸三丁酯为固定相萃取色谱法富集分离铂与金

报道了以GDX501（二乙烯苯和丙烯腈的聚合物）型树脂浸渍磷酸三丁脂（TBP）为固定相，用萃取色谱法使微量铂、金与常见贱金属分离。富集在色谱柱上的铂与金分别用0.25mol/L HNO-0.5mol/L NaClO3溶液和0.1mol/L HCl-0.2mol/L硫脲溶液连续洗脱并用原子吸收光谱法进行测定。铂与金的回收率分别为89.5%-113.9%和90.1%-105.3%。     

单离子检测法测定祛斑类化妆品中氢醌和苯酚

应用气质联用单离子检测法（SIM）测定祛斑类化妆品中氢醌和苯酚。以乙醇为溶剂，超声波快速提取，分别以m/z 110和m/z94为检测离子，总离子流图定性，SIM图定量，方法简便、快速、灵敏，对氢醌和苯酚的检出限分别为0.1ng、0.05ng，回收率分别为91.5%-102%、86.5%-98.7%，相对标准偏差分别为1.41%、0.41％。     

流动注射-毛细管电泳直接紫外测定环境水中硝酸根和亚硝酸根

采用流动注射与毛细管电泳联用（FI-CE）接口进行自动连续采样。对检测波长、电渗流改性剂浓度、载流中四硼酸钠浓度、载流PH、载流流速及采样环体积等条件进行优化，并对环境水样中常见阴离子的干扰进行研究，建立了同时测定水中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的方法。在采样量为50μl时硝酸根和亚硝酸根的检出限（3σ）分别为0.2和0.4mg/L；峰高RSD分别为1.6%和2.0%(20mg/L,n=25)，峰面积RSD分别为1.7%和1.6%(20mg/L,n=25)，采样频率为60/h。用本法测定井水水样的结果与离子色谱法一致。水样中加入10mg/L硝酸根和亚硝酸根的回收率为98%-108%。     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定人尿中的4种抗凝血鼠药

建立了基于浊点萃取同时测定人尿中杀鼠灵、杀鼠醚、溴敌隆和溴鼠灵的反相高效液相色谱法。以非离子表面活性剂TritonX-114为萃取剂,考察了色谱测定条件,优化了浊点萃取参数。5mL尿样中加入0.030gNaCl,30μL甲酸和5%(w/v)TritonX-114400μL,50℃萃取15min,4种目标物的萃取效率能达到85%以上。在选择的色谱条件下,以V(甲醇)∶V(1%甲酸)=90∶10为流动相,待测组分经反相C18色谱柱分离,于306nm波长处用二极管阵列检测器检测,10min可完成分析。4种鼠药中杀鼠醚在0.01～5.0mg/L,其余3种在0.02～5.0mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.997);尿样的标准加入回收率为71.2%～114.5%;相对标准偏差小于7.0%。对于5mL尿液,富集相用50μL甲醇稀释,萃取浓缩因子可达到28倍。定量检出浓度分别为:杀鼠灵0.016mg/L,杀鼠醚0.001mg/L,溴敌隆0.005mg/L,溴鼠灵0.003mg/L。本法简便快速、灵敏可靠、绿色环保,能满足鼠药中毒应急检测的要求。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定硫酸软骨素

以四甲基氯化铵作为离子对试剂，采用乙腈-2.28mmol/L四甲基氯化铵水溶液（5:95)作为流动相，选用C18色谱柱分离硫酸软骨素和杂质，建立了测定硫酸软骨素含量的反相离子对高效液相色谱方法。该方法的线性范围为0.4-8.0μg，回收率为98.8%-100.3%，相对标准偏差为0.17%-0.53%。该方法的精密度和准确度较高。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定溶液中的硝酸根和碘离子

食品和环境样品中往往同时含有硝酸根和碘离子,用紫外分光光度法直接测定硝酸根或碘离子时,二者相互干扰。为此建立了主、次波长分别为220.0、231.5 nm的等吸收点双波长紫外分光光度法测定溶液中的硝酸根和共存的碘离子。当溶液中硝酸根的浓度在0~0.12 mmol/L的范围内,碘离子的浓度在0~0.10 mmol/L的范围内时,主、次波长下的吸光度差值A220-231.5与溶液中硝酸根的浓度 呈良好线性关系,线性方程为A220-231.5 = 2.9958 0.0016（R2 = 0.99994）;其中A220 (NO3-) = 3.6099 0.0084（R2 = 0.99994）,利用吸光度的加和性：A220 (I-) = A220 - A220 (NO3-) = 10.7394 0.0029（R2 = 0.99994）,间接得到碘离子含量 。硝酸根和碘离子的平均相对标准偏差分别为0.6%、0.2%,回收率分别为99.5~102%、99.9~100%。方法简便快捷,可用于溶液中微量硝酸根和碘离子的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中香豆素类灭鼠药残留

建立了测定土壤中杀鼠灵、杀鼠醚、溴敌隆、氟鼠灵、溴鼠隆5种香豆素类灭鼠药残留量的柱后衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱方法。样品在加入内标物氯杀鼠灵后用丙酮-氨水-甲醇（体积比为100：3：100）混合液提取,浓缩的提取液用5 mL正己烷-氯仿（体积比为3：1）混合液溶解,NH₂固相萃取小柱净化,用15 mL 50 mmol/L四丁基磷酸二氢铵甲醇溶液洗脱分析物,移除溶剂,用甲醇-0.25%（体积分数）乙酸水溶液（体积比为3：2）混合液溶解,过滤后,经高效液相色谱分离,以甲醇-氨水-水（体积比为1：1：8）混合液为衍生试剂进行柱后衍生,采用荧光检测器检测。杀鼠灵、杀鼠醚、溴敌隆、氟鼠灵、溴鼠隆5种鼠药在0.02～10.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为2.2～18.5 μg/L。在0.1～0.3 mg/kg添加水平内,5种灭鼠药的回收率为94.6%～118.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.8%～10.2% （n=3）。实验结果表明该方法灵敏、准确,重复性好。     

钌催化高碘酸钾氧化丽春红G动力学光度法测定微量钌

在硫酸介质和热水浴中，Ru(Ⅲ）催化高碘酸钾氧化丽春红G（间-二甲苯-4，1-偶氮-2-萘酚-3，6-二磺酸基钠盐）褪色，由此建立了测定痕量钌的新催化光度法。钌的质量浓度在0-0.012μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律，线性回归方程为lg(A0/A)=-0.02798 45.7871c(μg/mL）,r=0.9977。对0.01μg/mL Ru（Ⅲ）测定的相对标准偏差为2.5%（n=11)。催化反应的表观活化能为58.55kJ/mol。催化反应对丽春红G和钌（Ⅲ）分别为一级反应。试验了40多种共存离子的影响。该方法已用于岩矿和冶金产品中痕量钌的测定，相对标准偏差为1.2%-2.2%，标准加入回收率为96.0%-106.1%。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇

建立了气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇的方法。牙膏样品经三氯甲烷提取后,应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,以选择离子监测（SIM）模式对其中的二甘醇进行分析。二甘醇的线性范围为21.24-1062 mg/L,线性相关系数（r）为0.9995;检出限和定量限分别为2.0、5.0 mg/L;高、中、低3种浓度下的回收率在88.51%-101.6%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.6%-8.11%之间;仪器对二甘醇的响应在24 h内保持稳定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.